5.1 引例
计算十年内人口增长数量
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int n = 13, year;
double number, rate = 0.02;
for (year = 1; year <= 10; year++)
{
number = n * pow((1 + rate), year);
printf("%2d年以后,人数为%.2f亿\n", year, number);
}
return 0;
}
例5.2 计算和
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
double sum, item, flag, denominaor;
sum = 0; item = 1; flag = 1; denominaor = 1;
while (fabs(item) >= 1e-6)
{
sum = sum + item;
flag = -flag;
denominaor = denominaor + 3;
item = flag / denominaor;
}
printf("sum=%f\n", sum);
return 0;
}
5.2 使用for语句实现循环结构
for 语句的一般形式为:
for(表达式1;表达式2;表达式3)
循环体语句;
例5.3
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, sum;
scanf_s("%d", &n);
sum = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
sum = sum + i;
printf("由1到%d的和是:%d\n", n, sum);
return 0;
}
例5.4 输入一个正整数n,求n
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int i, n;
double factorial;
printf("输入n的值:");
scanf_s("%d", &n);
factorial = 1;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++);
factorial = factorial * i;
printf("%d!=%.0f\n", n, factorial);
return 0;
}
2.for语句的一般形式中省略表达式1
格式如下:
for(;表达式2;表达式3)
循环体语句;
3.for语句的一般形式省略表达式2
格式如下:
for(表达式1;;表达式3)
循环体语句;
4.for语句的一般形式中省略表达式3
格式如下:
for(表达式1;表达式2)
循环体语句;
例5.5
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, i, denominator, flag;
float sum, item;
printf("输入n的值:");
scanf_s("%d", &n);
flag = 1;
denominator = 1;
sum = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
item = flag * 1.0 / denominator;
sum = sum + item;
flag = -flag;
denominator = denominator + 3;
}
printf("Su%.2f\n", sum);
return 0;
}
例5.6
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
float x, max;
printf("请输入第一个数:");
scanf_s("%f", &x);
max = x;
for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
{
printf("请输入第%d个数:",i + 1);
scanf_s("%f", &x);
if (x > max)
max = x;
}
printf("10个数的最大值是:%.0f", max);
return 0;
}
例5.7
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number, a, b, c;
for (number = 100; number <= 999; number++)
{
a = number / 100;
b = number % 100 / 10;
c = number % 10;
if (number == a * a * a + b * b * b + c * c * c)
printf("%5d", number);
}
return 0;
}
例5.8
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number, a, b, c;
for (number = 100; number <= 999; number++)
{
a = number / 100;
b = number % 100 / 10;
c = number % 10;
if (number == a * a * a + b * b * b + c * c * c)
printf("%5d", number);
}
return 0;
}
例5.9
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int upper, lower, digit, i, other;
char ch;
upper = lower = digit = other = 0;
printf("输入10个字符:");
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
ch = getchar();
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
lower++;
else if (ch > 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
upper++;
else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
digit++;
else
other++;
}
printf("小写字母%d个,大写字母%d个,数字%d个,其他字符%d个\n", lower, upper, digit, other);
return 0;
}
例5.10
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char ch;
for (i = 1; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; i++)
putchar(ch - 32);
return 0;
}
例5.11
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n = 0, i;
char ch;
printf("请输入3个数字:");
for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
scanf_s("%c", &ch);
n = n * 10 + ch - '0';
}
printf("%d\n", n);
return 0;
}
例5.12
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, flag, number;
printf("请输入一个正整数:");
scanf_s("%d", &number);
flag = 1;
for (i = 2; i <= number - 1 && flag; i++);
if (number % i == 0)
flag == 0;
if (flag)
printf("%d是素数\n", number);
else
printf("%d不是素数\n", number);
return 0;
}
5.3 使用while语句实现循环结构
while语句的基本语法
while(表达式)
循环体;
例5.13
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, sum;
i = 1; sum = 0;
while (i <= 100)
{
sum = sum + i;
i = i + 1;
}
printf("sum=%d\n", sum);
return 0;
}
例5.14
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i; long n, fact;
i = 2; fact = 1;
printf("请输入n的值:");
scanf_s("%ld", &n);
while (i <= n)
{
fact = fact * i;
i = i + 1;
}
printf("%ld!=%ld\n", n, fact);
return 0;
}
例5.15
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int digit, letter, other;
char ch;
digit = letter = other = 0;
printf("请输入一串字符:");
while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n')
if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
digit++;
else if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))
letter++;
else
other++;
printf("数字%d个,字母%d个,其他%d个\n", digit, letter, other);
return 0;
}
5.4 使用do-while语句实现循环结构
do-while 语句的基本语法
do
循环体
while(表达式);
例5.16
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, sum;
i = 1; sum = 0;
do
{
sum = sum + i;
i = i + 1;
} while (i <= 100);
printf("sum=%d\n", sum);
return 0;
}
例5.17
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, r, n, m;
printf("请输入两个整数:");
scanf_s("%d%d", &a, &b);
m = a, n = b;
do
{
r = a % b;
a = b;
b = r;
} while (r != 0);
printf("%d和%d的最大公约数是%d\n", m, n, a);
printf("最小公倍数是:%d",m*n/a);
return 0;
}
5.5 改变循环结构的跳转语句
例5.19
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 5;
do
{
if(i%3==1)
if (i % 5 == 2)
{
printf("%d", i);
break;
}
i++;
}while(i!= 0);
return 0;
}
例5.20
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int n, m, i;
printf("请输入一个整数:");
scanf_s("%d", &n);
m = sqrt(n);
for (i = 2; i <= m; i++)
if (n % i == 0)
break;
if (i > m)
printf("%d是素数\n", n);
else
printf(" % d不是素数!\n", n);
return 0;
}
5.5.2 continue语句
例5.22
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n = 1;
for (i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
if (i % 7 != 0)
continue;
printf("%4d", i);
if (n++ % 5 == 0)printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
例5.23
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, s = 0;
n = 1;
while (n < 10)
{
s = s + n;
if (s > 5)
break;
if (n % 2 == 1)
continue;
n++;
}
printf("s=%d,n=%d\n", s, n);
return 0;
}
5.5.3 goto语句
例5.24
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, sum;
i = 1; sum = 0;
loop:if (i <= 100)
{
sum = sum + i;
i = i + 1;
goto loop;
}
printf("sum=%d\n", sum);
return 0;
}
5.6 循环嵌套
例5.25
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
double factorial, s = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
factorial = 1;
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++)
factorial = factorial * j;
s = s + factorial;
}
printf("1!+2!+3!+...+10!=%.0f\n", s);
return 0;
}
例5.26
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
{
for (j=1;j<=i;j++)
printf("%d*%d=%d\t", j, i, j * i);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
例5.27
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, k, count = 0;
n = 2;
while (n < 100)
{
k = sqrt(n);
for (i = 2; i <= k; i++)
if (n % i == 0)break;
if (i > k)
{
printf("%4d", n);
if (++count % 10 == 0)printf("\n");
}
n++;
}
return 0;
}
例5.28
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, n, m;
for (m = 10; m <= 20; m++)
{
n = m, i = 2;
printf("%d=", n);
do {
if (n % i == 0)
{
printf("%d*", i);
n = n / i;
}
else
i++;
} while (n != i);
printf("%d\n", n);
}
return 0;
}
5.6 类型算法实例
例5.29
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int day, d1, d2;
day = 9;
d2 = 1;
do
{
d1 = (d2 + 1) * 2;
d2 = d1;
--day;
} while (day > 0);
printf("第一天摘了%d\n", d1);
return 0;
}
例5.30
#include<math.h>
#define eps 1e-6
int main()
{
int n = 1; float x;
double fz, fm = 1, sinx;
printf("输入x的值:");
scanf_s("%f", &x);
fz = x; sinx = x;
do
{
n = n + 1;
fz = -fz * x * x;
fm = fm * (2 * n - 2) * (2 * n - 1);
sinx = sinx + fz / fm;
} while (fabs(fz / fm) > eps);
printf("sin(%f)=%0.6f\n", x, sinx);
printf("sin(%f)=%0.6f\n", x, sin(x));
return 0;
}
例5.31
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define eps 1e-6
int main()
{
float x1, x0, f, f1;
x1 = 1.0;
do
{
x0 = x1;
f = ((2 * x0 - 4) * x0 + 3) * x0 - 6;
f1 = (6 * x0 - 8) * x0 + 3;
x1 = x0 - f / f;
} while (fabs(x1 - x0) > eps);
printf("%6.2f", x1);
return 0;
}
例5.32
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int men, women, child;
for (men = 0; men <= 9; men++)
for (women = 0; women <= 12; women++)
{
child = 36 - men - women;
if (men * 4 + women * 3 + child * 0.5 == 36)
printf("男:%d,女:%d,小孩儿:%d\n", men, women, child);
return 0;
}
}
例5.34
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
for (j = 1; j <= 20 - i; j++)
printf("");
for (j = 1; j <= 2 * i - 1; j++)
printf("");
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
例5.35
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int m, n, count = 0;
m = rand() % (80 - 10 + 1) + 10;
printf("请输入一个10-80之间的整数:");
while (1)
{
scanf_s("%d", &n);
count++;
if (m == n)
{
printf("恭喜!你猜对了,你真棒!\n");
break;
}
else if (m > n && count < 5)
printf("对不起,你猜小了,再来一次");
else if (m < n && count < 5)
printf("恭喜你,你猜大了,再来一次");
if (count == 5)
{
printf("对不起!你没有机会了!\n这个数是:%d,游戏结束!\n", m);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
例5.37
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, t;
printf("i\tpower\n");
for (x = 100; x < 1000; x++)
{
t = x * x;
while (t != 0)
{
if (x == t % 1000)
{
printf("%d\t%d\n", x, x * x);
break;
}
else
t = t/10;
}
}
return 0;
}