🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
🍦 参考文章：Pytorch实战 | 第P8周：YOLOv5-C3模块实现
🍖 原作者：K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制
Z. 心得体会
- YOLOv5模型介绍
YOLOv5模型：宏观来看，这个模型是一个单输入，三个输出的模型；具体来看，主要由C3、SPPF、ConvBNSiLU构成，外加一个额外的detect。下面来详细讲一下每个模块都是什么结构。
（1）Conv模块:（conv+Batch Normalization+SiLU），也有文章称其为CBS。也就是下面代码中的Conv模块
（2）C3模块：（C3用到了多次的bottleneck），也就是下面代码中的C3模块
（3）其他模块：SPPF模块、Detect模块（但本例中好像都没有涉及）
模型总结：
本质就是一个前向、不断下采样的一个模型，只不过在下采样过程中用了略微复杂的结构和层，再通过fpn进行上采样和堆叠，得到多个不同尺寸的输出。
来源：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/583909493
一、前期准备
1. 设置GPU
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
device
device(type='cuda')
2. 导入数据
import os, PIL, random, pathlib
data_dir = 'C:/Users/Dell/Desktop/ML-K/P8/第5天/weather_photos/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split('\\')[-1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames
['cloudy', 'rain', 'shine', 'sunrise']
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), #将图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), #将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换成tensor，并归一化到[0, 1]之间
transforms.Normalize( #标准化处理，使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) #其中mean和std是从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的
])
test_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), #将图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), #将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换成tensor，并归一化到[0, 1]之间
transforms.Normalize( #标准化处理，使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) #其中mean和std是从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder('C:/Users/Dell/Desktop/ML-K/P8/第5天/weather_photos/', transform = train_transforms)
total_data
Dataset ImageFolder
Number of datapoints: 1125
Root location: C:/Users/Dell/Desktop/ML-K/P8/第5天/weather_photos/
StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=None)
ToTensor()
Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
)
total_data.class_to_idx
{‘cloudy’: 0, ‘rain’: 1, ‘shine’: 2, ‘sunrise’: 3}
3. 划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset
(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1a6adfe53a0>,
<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1a6adfe57c0>)
batch_size = 4
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
for X, y in test_dl:
print('shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ', X.shape)
print('shape of y: ', y.shape, y.dtype)
break
shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
shape of y: torch.Size([4]) torch.int64
二、 构建包含C3模块的模型
1. 搭建模型
import torch.nn.functional as F
def autopad(k, p=None): # kernel, padding
# Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] # auto-pad
return p
class Conv(nn.Module):
# Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias =False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
def forward(self, x):
return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class C3(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut = True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # act=FReLU(c2)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim = 1))
class model_K(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(model_K, self).__init__()
#卷积模块
self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2)
#C3模块1
self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)
#全连接网络层，用于分类
self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(in_features = 100, out_features = 4)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.Conv(x)
x = self.C3_1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim = 1)
x = self.classifier(x)
return x
device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu'
print('Using {} device'.format(device))
model = model_K().to(device)
model
Using cuda device
model_K(
(Conv): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_1): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(1): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(2): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(classifier): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
)
2. 查看模型详情
import torchsummary as summary
summary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 864
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-3 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-7 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-11 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-15 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-17 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-18 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-19 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-20 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-21 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-24 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-26 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-27 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-28 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-29 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-30 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-33 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-35 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-36 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-37 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-38 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-39 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-40 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-41 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 128
SiLU-42 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Conv-43 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
C3-44 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Linear-45 [-1, 100] 80,281,700
ReLU-46 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-47 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------
三、训练模型
1. 编写训练函数
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset)
num_batches = len(dataloader)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0
for X, y in dataloader: #获取图片以及标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
pred = model(X)
loss = loss_fn(pred, y)
#反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
2. 编写测试函数
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset)
num_batches = len(dataloader)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0
for X, y in dataloader: #获取图片以及标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
pred = model(X)
loss = loss_fn(pred, y)
#反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
3. 正式训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr = 1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() #创建损失函数
epochs = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
best_acc = 0 #设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标
for epoch in range(epochs):
#更新学习率（使用自定义学习率时使用）
#adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, learn_rate)
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
#scheduler.step() #更新学习率（调用官方动态学习率接口时使用）
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
#保存最佳模型到best_model
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
#获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch: {:2d}. Train_acc: {:.1f}%, Train_loss: {:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr: {:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
PATH = './best_model.pth'
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')
Epoch: 1. Train_acc: 69.8%, Train_loss: 1.319, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:0.312, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 2. Train_acc: 84.6%, Train_loss: 0.530, Test_acc:87.1%, Test_loss:0.522, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 3. Train_acc: 91.3%, Train_loss: 0.299, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:0.429, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 4. Train_acc: 94.0%, Train_loss: 0.194, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.334, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 5. Train_acc: 94.2%, Train_loss: 0.172, Test_acc:91.1%, Test_loss:0.348, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 6. Train_acc: 98.0%, Train_loss: 0.056, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.554, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 7. Train_acc: 98.9%, Train_loss: 0.047, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:0.578, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 8. Train_acc: 97.3%, Train_loss: 0.107, Test_acc:81.3%, Test_loss:0.711, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 9. Train_acc: 99.1%, Train_loss: 0.039, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.390, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 10. Train_acc: 98.7%, Train_loss: 0.049, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:0.580, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 11. Train_acc: 96.6%, Train_loss: 0.131, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.832, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 12. Train_acc: 98.2%, Train_loss: 0.073, Test_acc:90.2%, Test_loss:0.515, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 13. Train_acc: 98.9%, Train_loss: 0.043, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:0.792, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 14. Train_acc: 97.6%, Train_loss: 0.103, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:0.646, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 15. Train_acc: 97.6%, Train_loss: 0.112, Test_acc:90.7%, Test_loss:0.641, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 16. Train_acc: 99.0%, Train_loss: 0.034, Test_acc:89.3%, Test_loss:0.365, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 17. Train_acc: 99.3%, Train_loss: 0.038, Test_acc:91.6%, Test_loss:0.384, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 18. Train_acc: 99.9%, Train_loss: 0.004, Test_acc:92.9%, Test_loss:0.448, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 19. Train_acc: 99.4%, Train_loss: 0.020, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:0.901, Lr: 1.00E-04
Epoch: 20. Train_acc: 97.9%, Train_loss: 0.105, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:0.639, Lr: 1.00E-04
Done
四、结果可视化
1. Loss与Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] #用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False #用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
2. 模型评估
best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss
(0.9288888888888889, 0.4481250044265371)
epoch_test_acc
0.9288888888888889
5461
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