【Week-P8】YOLOv5-C3模块实现天气识别

• 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
• 🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接辅导、项目定制

说明：
（1）本次学习着重学习YOLO-C3模块，并比较不同数量下的C3模块对训练结果的test_acc有何影响；
（2）注意：

• 模型每增加一个C3模块，forward()函数内部也同步增加一个C3模块；这是因为init里是定义，forward是调用；
• 每次的训练情况在本文的【总结】部分有详细说明。

一、环境配置

● 语言环境：Python3.7.8
● 编译器：VSCode
● 数据集：天气识别数据集
● 深度学习环境：Pytorch
○ torch 1.13.1
○ torchvision 0.14.1
○ torchsummary 1.5.1

# Yolo-C3模块学习
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")             #忽略警告信息

print("--------------------------1. 配置环境------------------------")
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print("Device: ", device)

二、准备数据

2.1 打印classeNames列表，显示每个文件所属的类别名称
2.2 打印归一化后的类别名称，0或1
2.3 划分数据集，划分为训练集&测试集，torch.utils.data.DataLoader()参数详解
2.4 检查数据集的shape

print("--------------------------2.1 导入本地数据------------------------")
import os,PIL,random,pathlib
data_dir = 'D:/jupyter notebook/DL-100-days/datasets/P3-天气识别/weather_photos/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)

data_paths  = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[5] for path in data_paths]
print("classesName: ", classeNames)

print("--------------------------2.2 数据集归一化------------------------")
# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    # transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

test_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("D:/jupyter notebook/DL-100-days/datasets/P3-天气识别/weather_photos/",transform=train_transforms)
print("tota_data: ", total_data)
print("class_to_idx: ", total_data.class_to_idx)

print("--------------------------2.3 划分数据集------------------------")
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size  = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
print("train_dataset: ", train_dataset)
print("test_dataset: ", test_dataset)

batch_size = 4
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                           batch_size=batch_size,
                                           shuffle=True,
                                           num_workers=0)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
                                          batch_size=batch_size,
                                          shuffle=True,
                                          num_workers=0)
for X, y in test_dl:
    print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
    print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
    break

三、搭建网络结构-YOLO-C3模块

print("--------------------------3.1 创建网络结构------------------------")
import torch.nn.functional as F
'''
定义网络中需要用到的模块
'''
def autopad(k, p=None):  # kernel, padding
    # Pad to 'same'
    if p is None:
        p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k]  # auto-pad
    return p

class Conv(nn.Module):
    # Standard convolution
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
        super().__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))

class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
    # Standard bottleneck
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2

    def forward(self, x):
        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))

class C3(nn.Module):
    # CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):  # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)  # act=FReLU(c2)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))

'''
用上述模块组建网络
'''
class model_K(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(model_K, self).__init__()
        
        # 卷积模块
        self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2) 
        
        # C3模块1
        self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)
        
        # 全连接网络层，用于分类
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
        )
        
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.Conv(x)
        x = self.C3_1(x)
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
        x = self.classifier(x)

        return x

'''
打印设备信息、模型结构、模型参数量
'''
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
    
model = model_K().to(device)
model

# 统计模型参数量以及其他指标
import torchsummary as summary
summary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))

网络结构没有打印出（本来应该打印在Using cpu device后边的），原因是没有写成print(model)（在jupyter notebook中可以直接打印model的结构），此处只打印了模型参数量信息。

四、开始训练

4.1 设置超参数
4.2 编写训练函数
4.3 编写测试函数
4.4 开始正式训练，epochs==20
📌如果将优化器换成 SGD 会发生什么呢？请自行探索接下来发生的诡异事件的原因。

print("--------------------------4.1 编写训练函数------------------------")
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

print("--------------------------4.2 编写测试函数------------------------")
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

print("--------------------------4.3 正式训练------------------------")
import copy

optimizer  = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr= 1e-4)
loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数

epochs     = 20

train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

best_acc = 0    # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标

for epoch in range(epochs):
    
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
    
    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
    
    # 保存最佳模型到 best_model
    if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
        best_acc   = epoch_test_acc
        best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
    
    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
    
    # 获取当前的学习率
    lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, 
                          epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
    
# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = './P8_best_model.pth'  # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')

训练20个epoch后，得到的test_acc=87.1%。

五、查看训练结果

print("--------------------------5.1 Accuracy Loss图------------------------")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.savefig("./P8_Accuracy_Loss.png")
plt.show()

print("--------------------------5.2 模型评估------------------------")
best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss
# 查看是否与我们记录的最高准确率一致
epoch_test_acc

六、总结

说明：init函数内增加或减少层数，forward函数内部也要统一。注意通道数的计算。

增加C3模块，并修改卷积层的通道数，观察test_acc的值：

C3模块个数	test_acc
1	87.1%
2	76%

6.1 增加C3模块

（1）增加一个C3模块，test_acc=76%，减少了11.1%

模型定义内容2.0修改如下：

'''
增加一个C3模块，修改卷积层和C3模块的通道数
'''
def __init__(self):
        super(model_K, self).__init__()
        
        # 卷积模块
        self.Conv1 = Conv(3, 16, 3, 2)   
        # C3模块1
        self.C3_1 = C3(16, 32, 3, 2)
        # C3模块2
        self.C3_2 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)  # 32,64，128运行不成功，16，32，64运行成功
        
        # 全连接网络层，用于分类
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            # in_features=802816  怎么算的？
            nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
        )
        
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.Conv1(x)
        x = self.C3_1(x)
        x = self.C3_2(x)  
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
        x = self.classifier(x)

增加一个C3模块后，参数量的变化：

训练结果如下：

可以看到，增加一个C3模块后的test_acc=76.0%，比原来的87.1%减少了11.1%。
Accuracy-Loss图如下所示：

（2） 增加两个C3模块，通道数没有对齐，无法运行

如下图所示修改：

报错：