java黑皮书25.1----（树的高度）

问题描述

提示：求一颗二叉搜索树的高度

给一个BST求其高度

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难点分析：

提示：这里直接递归就好

递归的思路是每次把当前节点当成子树，求其左分支和右分支的最大高度，就这样递归下去，得到其子树的累加和，最后的左子树和右子树中累加和最高的就是BST的高度

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代码：

提示：这里也可以用栈或者线性表来替代一下

import java.util.*;

public class Lab25_01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BSTWithHeight<String> tree = new BSTWithHeight<>();
        System.out.print("The height of an empty tree is " + tree.height());

        tree.insert("Green");
        System.out.print("\nThe height of the tree with one node is " + tree.height());

        tree.insert("Red");
        System.out.print("\nThe height of the tree with two nodes is " + tree.height());

        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("\nEnter six strings: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            String s = input.next();
            tree.insert(s.trim());
        }
        System.out.print("The height of tree is " + tree.height());

        BSTWithHeight<String> tree1 = new BSTWithHeight<>(new String[]
                {"Tom", "George", "Jean", "Jane", "Kevin", "Peter", "Susan",
                        "Jen", "Kim", "Michael", "Michelle"});
        System.out.print("\nThe height of tree1 is " + tree1.height());

        BSTWithHeight<Integer> tree2 =
                new BSTWithHeight<>(new Integer[]{50, 45, 35, 48, 59, 51, 58});
//        BSTWithHeight<Integer> tree2 =
//                new BSTWithHeight<>(new Integer[]{50, 45, 59, 35, 48, 47, 46});
        int temp = tree2.height();
        System.out.print("\nThe height of tree2 is " + temp);
    }
}

interface Tree<E> extends Collection<E> {
    /**
     * Return true if the element is in the tree
     */
    public boolean search(E e);

    /**
     * Insert element o into the binary tree
     * Return true if the element is inserted successfully
     */
    public boolean insert(E e);

    /**
     * Delete the specified element from the tree
     * Return true if the element is deleted successfully
     */
    public boolean delete(E e);

    /**
     * Get the number of nodes in the tree
     */
    public int getSize();

    /**
     * Inorder traversal from the root
     */
    public default void inorder() {
    }

    /**
     * Postorder traversal from the root
     */
    public default void postorder() {
    }

    /**
     * Preorder traversal from the root
     */
    public default void preorder() {
    }

    @Override
    /** Return true if the tree is empty */
    public default boolean isEmpty() {
        return size() == 0;
    }

    ;

    @Override
    public default boolean contains(Object e) {
        return search((E) e);
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean add(E e) {
        return insert(e);
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean remove(Object e) {
        return delete((E) e);
    }

    @Override
    public default int size() {
        return getSize();
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
        // Left as an exercise
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        // Left as an exercise
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
        // Left as an exercise
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public default boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
        // Left as an exercise
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public default Object[] toArray() {
        // Left as an exercise
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public default <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) {
        // Left as an exercise
        return null;
    }
}

class BST<E> implements Tree25_02<E> {
    protected TreeNode<E> root;
    protected int size = 0;
    protected Comparator<E> c;

    /**
     * Create a default BST with a natural order comparator
     */
    public BST() {
        this.c = new Comparator<E>() {
            public int compare(E e1, E e2) {
                return ((Comparable<E>) e1).compareTo(e2);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Create a BST with a specified comparator
     */
    public BST(Comparator<E> c) {
        this.c = c;
    }

    /**
     * Create a binary tree from an array of objects
     */
    public BST(E[] objects) {
        this();
        for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++)
            add(objects[i]);
    }

    @Override
    /** Returns true if the element is in the tree */
    public boolean search(E e) {
        TreeNode<E> current = root; // Start from the root

        while (current != null) {
            if (c.compare(e, current.element) < 0) {
                current = current.left;
            } else if (c.compare(e, current.element) > 0) {
                current = current.right;
            } else // element matches current.element
                return true; // Element is found
        }

        return false;
    }

    @Override
    /** Insert element e into the binary tree
     * Return true if the element is inserted successfully */
    public boolean insert(E e) {
        if (root == null)
            root = createNewNode(e); // Create a new root
        else {
            // Locate the parent node
            TreeNode<E> parent = null;
            TreeNode<E> current = root;
            while (current != null)
                if (c.compare(e, current.element) < 0) {
                    parent = current;
                    current = current.left;
                } else if (c.compare(e, current.element) > 0) {
                    parent = current;
                    current = current.right;
                } else
                    return false; // Duplicate node not inserted

            // Create the new node and attach it to the parent node
            if (c.compare(e, parent.element) < 0)
                parent.left = createNewNode(e);
            else
                parent.right = createNewNode(e);
        }

        size++;
        return true; // Element inserted successfully
    }

    protected TreeNode<E> createNewNode(E e) {
        return new TreeNode<>(e);
    }

    @Override
    /** Inorder traversal from the root */
    public void inorder() {
        inorder(root);
    }

    /**
     * Inorder traversal from a subtree
     */
    protected void inorder(TreeNode<E> root) {
        if (root == null) return;
        inorder(root.left);
        System.out.print(root.element + " ");
        inorder(root.right);
    }

    @Override
    /** Postorder traversal from the root */
    public void postorder() {
        postorder(root);
    }

    /**
     * Postorder traversal from a subtree
     */
    protected void postorder(TreeNode<E> root) {
        if (root == null) return;
        postorder(root.left);
        postorder(root.right);
        System.out.print(root.element + " ");
    }

    @Override
    /** Preorder traversal from the root */
    public void preorder() {
        preorder(root);
    }

    /**
     * Preorder traversal from a subtree
     */
    protected void preorder(TreeNode<E> root) {
        if (root == null) return;
        System.out.print(root.element + " ");
        preorder(root.left);
        preorder(root.right);
    }

    /**
     * This inner class is static, because it does not access
     * any instance members defined in its outer class
     */
    public static class TreeNode<E> {
        protected E element;
        protected TreeNode<E> left;
        protected TreeNode<E> right;

        public TreeNode(E e) {
            element = e;
        }
    }

    @Override
    /** Get the number of nodes in the tree */
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the root of the tree
     */
    public TreeNode<E> getRoot() {
        return root;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a path from the root leading to the specified element
     */
    public ArrayList<TreeNode<E>> path(E e) {
        ArrayList<TreeNode<E>> list =
                new ArrayList<>();
        TreeNode<E> current = root; // Start from the root

        while (current != null) {
            list.add(current); // Add the node to the list
            if (c.compare(e, current.element) < 0) {
                current = current.left;
            } else if (c.compare(e, current.element) > 0) {
                current = current.right;
            } else
                break;
        }

        return list; // Return an array list of nodes
    }

    @Override
    /** Delete an element from the binary tree.
     * Return true if the element is deleted successfully
     * Return false if the element is not in the tree */
    public boolean delete(E e) {
        // Locate the node to be deleted and also locate its parent node
        TreeNode<E> parent = null;
        TreeNode<E> current = root;
        while (current != null) {
            if (c.compare(e, current.element) < 0) {
                parent = current;
                current = current.left;
            } else if (c.compare(e, current.element) > 0) {
                parent = current;
                current = current.right;
            } else
                break; // Element is in the tree pointed at by current
        }

        if (current == null)
            return false; // Element is not in the tree

        // Case 1: current has no left child
        if (current.left == null) {
            // Connect the parent with the right child of the current node
            if (parent == null) {
                root = current.right;
            } else {
                if (c.compare(e, parent.element) < 0)
                    parent.left = current.right;
                else
                    parent.right = current.right;
            }
        } else {
            // Case 2: The current node has a left child
            // Locate the rightmost node in the left subtree of
            // the current node and also its parent
            TreeNode<E> parentOfRightMost = current;
            TreeNode<E> rightMost = current.left;

            while (rightMost.right != null) {
                parentOfRightMost = rightMost;
                rightMost = rightMost.right; // Keep going to the right
            }

            // Replace the element in current by the element in rightMost
            current.element = rightMost.element;

            // Eliminate rightmost node
            if (parentOfRightMost.right == rightMost)
                parentOfRightMost.right = rightMost.left;
            else
                // Special case: parentOfRightMost == current
                parentOfRightMost.left = rightMost.left;
        }

        size--; // Reduce the size of the tree
        return true; // Element deleted successfully
    }

    @Override
    /** Obtain an iterator. Use inorder. */
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new InorderIterator();
    }

    // Inner class InorderIterator
    private class InorderIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        // Store the elements in a list
        private ArrayList<E> list =
                new ArrayList<>();
        private int current = 0; // Point to the current element in list

        public InorderIterator() {
            inorder(); // Traverse binary tree and store elements in list
        }

        /**
         * Inorder traversal from the root
         */
        private void inorder() {
            inorder(root);
        }

        /**
         * Inorder traversal from a subtree
         */
        private void inorder(TreeNode<E> root) {
            if (root == null) return;
            inorder(root.left);
            list.add(root.element);
            inorder(root.right);
        }

        @Override
        /** More elements for traversing? */
        public boolean hasNext() {
            if (current < list.size())
                return true;

            return false;
        }

        @Override
        /** Get the current element and move to the next */
        public E next() {
            return list.get(current++);
        }

        @Override // Remove the element returned by the last next()
        public void remove() {
            if (current == 0) // next() has not been called yet
                throw new IllegalStateException();

            delete(list.get(--current));
            list.clear(); // Clear the list
            inorder(); // Rebuild the list
        }
    }

    @Override
    /** Remove all elements from the tree */
    public void clear() {
        root = null;
        size = 0;
    }
}

// BEGIN REVEL SUBMISSION
class BSTWithHeight<E> extends BST25_15<E> {

    /**
     * Create a default BST with a natural order comparator
     */
    public BSTWithHeight() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Create a BST with a specified comparator
     */
    public BSTWithHeight(Comparator<E> c) {
        super(c);
    }

    /**
     * Create a binary tree from an array of objects
     */
    public BSTWithHeight(E[] objects) {
        super(objects);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the height of this binary tree.
     */
    public int height() {
        return height(root);
    }

    private int height(TreeNode<E> root) {
        // WRITE YOUR CODE HERE
        if (root == null) return -1;
        return Math.max(height(root.left), height(root.right)) + 1;
    }
}
// END REVEL SUBMISSION