pta c++ 程序填空题

5-1 CAT's Copy

指针+复制构造函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CAT
{     public:
           CAT(){
               itsAge=new int;
               *itsAge =5;
           };
           CAT(const CAT& c){
               itsAge=new int;
               *itsAge=*c.itsAge;
           };
          ~CAT(){     delete itsAge;   };
          int GetAge() const { return *itsAge; }
          void SetAge(int age){ *itsAge=age; }
      protected:
          int* itsAge;
};

5-2 A Fill in the blanks

模板类+异常处理+动态内存分配

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class IndexError{};
template <typename T>
class ARRAY
{
    size_t m_size;
    T *m_ptr;
    public:
        ARRAY(size_t size) : m_size(size)
        {    
            m_ptr = new T[size];    
            memset(m_ptr, 0, size*sizeof(int));
        }
        ~ARRAY()
        {    
            delete[] m_ptr;    
        }
        T& at(int index);
};

template <typename T>
T& ARRAY<T>::at(int index){
    if(index<0||index>=m_size)  
    {
        throw IndexError();  
    }
    return m_ptr[index];
}

int main()
{
    ARRAY<int> a(50);
    int i;
    cin >> i;
    try
    {
        for(int j=0;j<i;j++)
            a.at(i) = j;
    }
    catch(IndexError e)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

参考：//https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7739502

5-3抽象类和纯虚函数的使用

抽象类+纯虚函数+动态内存分配+字符串

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class Base1 {
public:
    //
    virtual void Show()=0;
};

class Base2 {
protected:
    char * _p;
    Base2(const char *s)
    {
        _p = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
        //下列语句将形参指向的字符串常量复制到该类的字符数组中
        strcmp(_p,s);
    }
    ~Base2() { delete [] _p; }
};

//Derived类公有继承Base1，私有继承Base2类
class Derived : public Base1,private Base2
{
public:
    //以下构造函数调用Base2类构造函数
    Derived(const char *s) : Base2(s)
    { }
    void Show()
    { cout << _p << endl; }
};

int main()
{
    Base1 *pb = new Derived("I'm a derived class.");
    pb->Show();
    delete pb;
    return 0;
}

5-4运算符重载

重载输入输出和减法运算符

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class Circle{
    private:
        double rad;
        double area;
        friend istream& operator>>(istream&in, Circle &cl);    //重载>>为Circle类的友元函数
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&out, Circle &cl);        //重载<<为Circle类的友元函数
    public:
        Circle(double r=0)
        {
            rad=r;
            area=3.14*r*r;
        }
        double operator-(Circle &cl)//重载减号
        {
            return this->area-cl.area;//返回两个圆的面积差
        }
};
istream& operator>>(istream&in, Circle &cl)
{
    
    in>>cl.rad;   //从输入流中提取数据给圆的半径
    cl.area=3.14*cl.rad*cl.rad;
    return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream&out, Circle &cl)
{
    out<<"rad="<<cl.rad<<" area="<<cl.area<<endl;    //输出圆的半径和面积，形如：rad=10 area=314
    return out;
}
int main()
{
    Circle c1,c2;
    cin>>c1>>c2;
    cout<<c1<<endl;
    cout<<c2<<endl;
    cout<<c2-c1<<endl;
    return 0;
}

5-5 对象数组

对象数组+对象指针

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{public:
    Student(int n,float s):num(n),score(s){};
    //利用参数初始化表进行数据初始化
    void display();
private:
    int num;
    float score;
};

void Student::display()
{cout<<num<<" "<<score<<endl;}

int main()
{
    Student stud[5]={
        Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5),
        Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5)}; //定义对象数组
    Student *p=stud;
    //定义对象指针指向对象数组
    for(int i=0;i<3;i++,p+=2)//显示第1、3、5名学生信息
        p->display();
    return 0;
}

参考：//https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52519691/article/details/118651714

5-6显式使用this指针

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class R{
    int len,w;
public:
    R(int len,int w);
    int getArea();
};
R::R(int len,int w){
    this->len=len;
    this->w=w;
}
int R::getArea(){
    return (this->len)*(this->w);
}
int main(){
    R r1(2,5),r2(3,6);
    cout<<"First Area is "<<r1.getArea()<<endl;
    cout<<"Second Area is "<<r2.getArea()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

5-7对象的动态创建

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
    int i;
public:
    A(int k=0){
        i=k;
    }
    void display(){
        cout<<"i="<<i<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    A *p=new A; //动态创建对象p
    p->display();
    delete p;  //删除对象p
    
    p=new A(8);
    p->display();
    delete p;
    
    p=new A[3]; //p指向对象数组
    A *q=p;
    for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
        (q++)->display();  //输出对象数组数据
    }
    delete []p;
    //删除对象数组指针p
    return 0;
} 

5-8静态数据成员

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point{
    double x,y;
    static int count;//定义静态变量
public:
    Point(double a=0,double b=0):x(a),y(b){
        count++;
    }
    ~Point(){
        count--;    
    }
    void show(){
        cout<<"the number of Point is "<<count<<endl;
    }
};
int Point::count=0;
int main(){
    Point p1;
    Point *p=new Point(1,2);
    p->show();
    delete p;
    p1.show();
    return 0;
}

5-9点类的定义和使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point
{
    private://访问权限设置，私有权限
        int x;//横坐标
        int y;//纵坐标
public://访问权限设置，公有权限
    //以下为构造函数，用参数a,b分别为横纵坐标进行初始化
    Point(int a,int b)
    {
        x=a;
        y=b;
    }
    
    //以下为拷贝构造函数，借用对象a_point完成初始化
    Point(Point &a_point)
    {
        x=a_point.x;
        y=a_point.y;
    }
    
    //以下为析构函数
    ~Point(){
        cout<<"Deconstructed Point";
        print();
    }
    
    //以下为输出点的信息的函数，要求在一行中输出点的坐标信息，形如：(横坐标,纵坐标)
    void print()
    {
        cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Point b_point(0,0);
    b_point.print();
    int a,b;
    cin>>a>>b;
    //从标准输入流中提取数值给a,b
    Point c_point(a,b);
    c_point.print();
    return 0;
    //主函数的返回语句
}
/*设输入为10 10，则本程序的运行结果为：
  (0,0)
  (10,10)
  Deconstructed Point(10,10)
  Deconstructed Point(0,0)
 */

5-10包含子对象的派生类构造函数

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Student                              //声明基类
{
    public:                                  //公用部分
        Student(int n,string nam)              //基类构造函数
        {
            num=n;
            name=nam;
        }
        void display()                           //输出基类数据成员
        {cout<<"num:"<<num<<endl<<"name:"<<name<<endl;}
    protected:                                //保护部分
        int num;
        string name;
};

class Student1: public Student              //用public继承方式声明派生类student
{public:
    Student1(int n,string nam,int n2,string mon,int a,string ad):Student(n,nam),monitor(n2,mon)
    {
        age=a;                                 //在此处只对派生类新增的数据成员初始化
        addr=ad;
    }
    void show( )
    {
        cout<<"This student is:"<<endl;
        display();                               //输出num和name
        cout<<"age: "<<age<<endl;
        cout<<"address: "<<addr<<endl<<endl;
    }
    
    void show_monitor()                        //输出子对象的数据成员
    {
        cout<<endl<<"Class monitor is:"<<endl;
        monitor.display();                       //调用基类成员函数
    }
    private:                                //派生类的私有数据
        Student monitor;                       //定义子对象(班长)
        int age;
        string addr;                
};

int main( )
{
    Student1 stud1(10010,"Wang-li",10001,"Li-sun",19,"115 Beijing Road,Shanghai");
    stud1.show( );                             //输出第一个学生的数据
    stud1.show_monitor();                       //输出子对象的数据
    return 0;
}

5-11多层派生时的构造函数

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Student                             
{
    public:                                 
        Student(int n, string nam )           
        {
            num=n;
            name=nam;
        }
        void display()                         
        {
            cout<<"num:"<<num<<endl;
            cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;
        }
    protected:                               
        int num;                               
        string name;
};

class Student1: public Student              
{
public:
    Student1(int n1,string ss,int a):Student(n1,ss){age=a; }                        
    void show( )                              
    {
        display();                             
        cout<<"age: "<<age<<endl;
    }
    private:                                 
        int age;                                
};

class Student2:public Student1              
{
public:
    Student2(int n1,string ss,int a,int s):Student1(n1,ss,a)
    {score=s;}
    void show_all()                             
    {show();                                    
        cout<<"score:"<<score<<endl;             
    }
private:
    int score;                               
};

int main( )
{
    Student2 stud(10010,"Li",17,89);
    stud.show_all( );                           
    return 0;
}

5-12 CPerson类对象数组

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
const int N=5; 
class CPerson
{
    char name[10];    
    char num[10];
public:
    void get_data(const char* na,const char* nu)
    {
        strcpy(name,na);
        strcpy(num,nu);}
    void put_data(CPerson pn[N]);
};
void CPerson::put_data(CPerson pn[N])
{    
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<N;i++)
    {  
        cout.width(5); 
        cout<<pn[i].name;
        cout.width(5);
        cout<<pn[i].num<<endl;
    }
}
int main()
{
    char *na[5]={"li","zh","wu","xie","liu"};
    char *nu[5]={"01","02","03","04","05"};
    CPerson obj[5];    //对象数组
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)    
        obj[i].get_data(na[i],nu[i]);
    CPerson *pt=obj;   
    pt->put_data(pt);
    return 0;
}

5-13车辆类虚基类

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class vehicle  //车辆类
{
private:
    int MaxSpeed;  //最大车速
    int Weight;    //车重
public:
    vehicle(){MaxSpeed=0; Weight=0;}
    virtual void Run() {cout<<"A vehicle is running!"<<endl;}
};

class bicycle : public vehicle
//自行车类
{ 
private:
    int Height;  //车高
public:
    bicycle(){}
    void Run() {cout<<"A bicycle is running!"<<endl;}
};

class motorcar : public vehicle
//机动车类
{ 
private:
    int SeatNum;  //乘人数
public:
    motorcar(){}
    void Run() {cout << "A motorcar is running!" << endl; }
};

class motorcycle: public bicycle,public motorcar 
//摩托车类
{ 
public:
    motorcycle (){}
    void Run() {cout<<"A motorcycle is running!"<<endl;}
};
int main() {
    motorcycle a;
    a.Run();
    return 0;
}

5-14本题目要求反序输出一行文字。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ 
    int i;
    string s;    
    //将该行输入保存到字符串s中
    cin>>s;
    i=s.length();
    while(i){
        cout<<s[--i];    
    }
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}

5-15基于迭代器的折半查找

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

template <typename T, typename V>
T binarySearch(T begin, T end, const V v){
    auto endOriginal = end;
    while (begin!=end) {
        auto mid=begin+(end-begin)/2;
        if (*mid==v)
            return mid;
        else if (v < *mid)
            end = mid;
        else
            begin=mid+1;        
    }
    return endOriginal;
}


int main() {
    vector<int> a {1,3,5,7,9,11,22,77,88,100,999,2132,6789};
    int v;
    cin >> v;
    
    auto r = binarySearch(a.cbegin(),a.cend(), v);
    if (r==a.cend())
        cout << "Not found." << endl;
    else
        cout << "Found: " << *r << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

5-16爸爸、妈妈和我 - C/C++ 代码复用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Daddy {
public:
    string sName;
    void contribute()
    {
        cout << "Daddy " << sName << "'s duty: Driving & Building Shelter.\n";
    }
};

class Mummy{
public:
    string sName;
    void contribute(){
        cout << "Mummy " << sName << "'s duty: Prepare Food.\n";
    }
};

class Brother {
public:
    string sName;
    void contribute(){
        cout << "Brother " << sName << "'s duty: Joking.\n";
    }
};

class MySelf {
public:
    string sName;
    void contribute(){
        cout << sName << "'s  duty: Taking Photos.\n";
    }
};

class Family {
public:
    Mummy m;
    Daddy d;
    Brother b;
    MySelf s;
    
    void outdoorPicnic(){
        printf("---------outdoor picnic------------\n");
        d.contribute();
        m.contribute();
        b.contribute();
        s.contribute();
    }
};

int main()
{
    Family myFamily;
    myFamily.m.sName = "Emily";   //妈妈的姓名
    myFamily.m.contribute();
    myFamily.d.sName = "Jack";    //爸爸的姓名
    myFamily.d.contribute();
    myFamily.b.sName = "Tom";     //弟弟的姓名
    myFamily.b.contribute();
    myFamily.s.sName = "Dora";    //我的姓名
    myFamily.s.contribute();
    
    myFamily.outdoorPicnic();
    return 0;
}

5-17动物和狗 - C/C++ 代码复用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
public:
    int iFeetCount {0};
    int iWeight {0};
    Animal(){
        cout << "Animal(), weight = " << iWeight << endl;
    }
    ~Animal(){
        cout << "~Animal(), weight = " << iWeight << endl;
    }
};
class Dog : public Animal
{
public:
    string sName;
    Dog(const string name, int weight){
        sName = name;
        iFeetCount = 4;
        iWeight=weight;
        cout <<"Dog(), name = " << name << ", weight = " << iWeight << endl;
    }
    ~Dog(){
        cout <<"~Dog(), name = " << sName << ", weight = " << iWeight << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Dog* d1 = new Dog("Bottle",3100);
    delete d1;
    
    cout << "---------------------------------------" << endl;
    
    Dog* d2 = new Dog("Nauty",2312);
    
    Animal* a2 = d2;
    if (a2==d2){
        cout << "Parent object is located at the beginning of sub object." << endl;
    }
    delete d2;
    
    return 0;
}

5-18身份证解析 - C/C++ 容器与模板*

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string sId;
    cin >>sId;
    
    cout << "Area Number: " << sId.substr(0,6) << endl;
    cout << "Birth Date: " << sId.substr(6,8) << endl;
    return 0;
}

5-19年龄小的小朋友先吃糖 - C/C++ 容器与模板*

优先队列（priority_queue）容器+const

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

class Child {
public:
    string sName;
    int iAge;
    
    bool operator>(const Child &c) const{
        return (this->iAge>c.iAge?true:false);
    }
    
    Child(string name, int age){
        sName = name;
        iAge=age;
    }
};

int main()
{
    priority_queue<Child,vector<Child>,greater<Child>> q;
    q.push(Child("Jack",7));
    q.push(Child("Tom",5));
    q.push(Child("Tiffany",9));
    q.push(Child("Alex",10));
    q.push(Child("Dick",4));
    q.push(Child("Jimmy",8));
    
    while (!q.empty()){
        auto x = q.top();
        cout << x.sName << " at age " << x.iAge << " get candy." << endl;
        q.pop();
    }
    return 0;
}