【数据结构】【c语言】哈夫曼树的构造

大致思路

这里采用顺序存储的方式实现哈夫曼树，下面是大致的步骤
1.初始化哈夫曼树
2.找到两个权值最小且没有父亲的节点
3.根据这两个最小的节点，构造节点，构造n-1次

以权值为{ 2, 3, 8, 11, 99, 32, 64, 82 }的数组构造哈夫曼树为例

初始化时：

节点下标	weight	parent	leftChild	rightChild
1	2	0	0	0
2	3	0	0	0
3	8	0	0	0
4	11	0	0	0
5	99	0	0	0
6	32	0	0	0
7	64	0	0	0
8	82	0	0	0
9	0	0	0	0
10	0	0	0	0
11	0	0	0	0
12	0	0	0	0
13	0	0	0	0
14	0	0	0	0
15	0	0	0	0

构造哈夫曼树后:

节点下标	weight	parent	leftChild	rightChild
1	2	9	0	0
2	3	9	0	0
3	8	10	0	0
4	11	11	0	0
5	99	14	0	0
6	32	12	0	0
7	64	13	0	0
8	82	14	0	0
9	5	10	1	2
10	13	11	9	3
11	24	12	4	10
12	56	13	11	6
13	120	15	12	7
14	181	15	8	5
15	301	0	13	14

头文件包含和类型定义

头文件包含

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>

哈夫曼树节点的结构

typedef struct
{
	int weight;
	int parent;
	int leftChild;
	int rightChild;
}HTNode;

哈夫曼树的结构

typedef struct
{
	HTNode* node;
	int count;
}HuffmanTree;

node是指向节点数组的指针
count是哈夫曼树节点的个数

构造哈夫曼树

1.找两个最小权值节点函数

void FindTwoMinNode(HuffmanTree* tree, int cur, int* min1, int* min2)
{
	int s1 = 0;
	int s2 = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i < cur; i++)
	{
		if (tree->node[i].parent == 0)
		{
			s1 = i;
			break;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i < cur; i++)
	{
		if (tree->node[i].parent == 0 &&
			tree->node[i].weight < tree->node[s1].weight)
		{
			s1 = i;
		}
	}

	for (int j = 1; j < cur; j++)
	{
		if (tree->node[j].parent == 0 && s1 != j)
		{
			s2 = j;
			break;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 1; i < cur; i++)
	{
		if (tree->node[i].parent == 0 && 
			tree->node[i].weight < tree->node[s2].weight &&
			tree->node[i].weight > tree->node[s1].weight)
		{
			s2 = i;
		}
	}

	*min1 = s1;
	*min2 = s2;
}

2.构造哈夫曼树函数

void CreateHuffmanTree(HuffmanTree* tree, int weights[], int n)
{
	//初始化
	tree->node = (HTNode*)malloc(sizeof(HTNode) * 2 * n);
	tree->count = 2 * n - 1;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	{
		tree->node[i].weight = weights[i - 1];
		tree->node[i].parent = 0;
		tree->node[i].leftChild = 0;
		tree->node[i].rightChild = 0;
	}
	for (int i = n + 1; i <= 2 * n - 1; i++)
	{
		tree->node[i].weight = 0;
		tree->node[i].parent = 0;
		tree->node[i].leftChild = 0;
		tree->node[i].rightChild = 0;
	}
	//构造
	for (int i = n + 1; i < 2 * n; i++)
	{
		int min1 = 0;
		int min2 = 0;
		FindTwoMinNode(tree, i, &min1, &min2);
		tree->node[i].weight = tree->node[min1].weight + tree->node[min2].weight;
		tree->node[i].leftChild = min1;
		tree->node[i].rightChild = min2;
		tree->node[min1].parent = i;
		tree->node[min2].parent = i;
	}
}

3.打印函数

void PrintHuffman(HuffmanTree* tree)
{
	printf("%-10s %-10s %-10s %-10s\n", "weight", "parent", "left", "right");
	for (int i = 1; i < tree->count + 1; i++)
	{
		printf("%-10d %-10d %-10d %-10d\n", tree->node[i].weight,
								   tree->node[i].parent,
								   tree->node[i].leftChild,
								   tree->node[i].rightChild);
	}
}

4.主函数

int main()
{
	HuffmanTree tree;
	int weights[8] = { 2, 3, 8, 11, 99, 32, 64, 82 };
	CreateHuffmanTree(&tree, weights, 8);
	PrintHuffman(&tree);
	return 0;
}

运行结果: