一、tomcat服务介绍
### Tomcat 简介
**Apache Tomcat** 是一个开源的 **Java Servlet** 容器和 **JavaServer Pages (JSP)** 引擎，由 Apache 软件基金会开发和维护。它实现了 Java Servlet 和 JSP 规范，提供了一个运行 Java Web 应用程序的环境。
### 主要功能
1. **Servlet 容器**：
- 支持 Java Servlet 规范，处理 HTTP 请求并生成响应。
2. **JSP 引擎**：
- 支持 JavaServer Pages (JSP)，允许在 HTML 中嵌入 Java 代码。
3. **Web 服务器**：
- 提供基本的 Web 服务器功能，如静态内容服务和 SSL/TLS 支持。
4. **轻量级**：
- 设计简洁，资源占用少，适合中小型应用。
5. **可扩展性**：
- 支持通过插件和自定义配置进行扩展。
### 核心组件
1. **Catalina**：
- Servlet 容器，负责处理请求和响应。
2. **Coyote**：
- HTTP 连接器，处理 HTTP 请求。
3. **Jasper**：
- JSP 引擎，将 JSP 页面编译为 Servlet。
4. **Cluster**：
- 提供负载均衡和故障转移功能。
5. **Realm**：
- 管理用户认证和授权。
### 使用场景
1. **开发环境**：
- 常用于开发和测试 Java Web 应用。
2. **生产环境**：
- 适合中小型生产环境，尤其是资源有限的情况。
3. **嵌入式系统**：
- 可作为嵌入式服务器，集成到其他应用中。
### 安装与配置
1. **下载**：
- 从 [Apache Tomcat 官网](https://tomcat.apache.org/) 下载最新版本。
2. **安装**：
- 解压下载的文件，无需复杂安装步骤。
3. **配置**：
- 通过 `conf/server.xml` 配置端口、连接器等。
4. **启动**：
- 运行 `bin/startup.sh`（Linux/Mac）或 `bin/startup.bat`（Windows）。
5. **访问**：
- 启动后，通过 `http://localhost:8080` 访问默认页面。
### 优点
1. **开源免费**：
- 完全免费，源代码开放。
2. **跨平台**：
- 支持多种操作系统。
3. **社区支持**：
- 拥有活跃的社区和丰富的文档。
4. **易于集成**：
- 可与其他 Apache 项目（如 Apache HTTP Server）集成。
### 缺点
1. **性能限制**：
- 相比专业服务器（如 JBoss、WebLogic），性能较弱。
2. **功能较少**：
- 缺少一些高级功能，如分布式事务。
二、实战部署
[root@cjr tomcat8]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.0.26.tar.gz Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo Dockerfile jdk-8u45-linux-x64.rpm
[root@cjr tomcat8]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER cjr
RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
COPY ./Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
RUN yum install wget -y
COPY jdk-8u45-linux-x64.rpm /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.26.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN cd /usr/local && yum install -y jdk-8u45-linux-x64.rpm
RUN mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.26 /usr/local/tomcat8
ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/tomcat8/logs/catalina.out
EXPOSE 8080
[root@cjr tomcat8]# docker build -f Dockerfile -t tomcat8:v1 .
[+] Building 15.8s (13/13) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 486B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest 0.0s
=> [1/8] FROM docker.io/library/centos 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 141B 0.0s
=> CACHED [2/8] RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/8] COPY ./Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ 0.0s
=> [4/8] RUN yum install wget -y 7.2s
=> [5/8] COPY jdk-8u45-linux-x64.rpm /usr/local/ 0.2s
=> [6/8] ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.26.tar.gz /usr/local/ 0.2s
=> [7/8] RUN cd /usr/local && yum install -y jdk-8u45-linux-x64.rpm 5.0s
=> [8/8] RUN mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.26 /usr/local/tomcat8 1.7s
=> exporting to image 1.5s
=> => exporting layers 1.5s
=> => writing image sha256:f49b8351ebf676d9e4e46cef4a01a33623a535d307ea94e7c5ec10f687ed7836 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/tomcat8:v1
三、测试访问
省略了启动镜像的步骤，在前面的文章里面有讲
[root@cjr tomcat8]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6457fb897b4e tomcat8:v1 "/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo…" 33 seconds ago Up 33 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->8080/tcp, :::32768->8080/tcp tomcat8
[root@cjr tomcat8]# curl localhost:32768
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Apache Tomcat/8.0.26</title>
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="navigation" class="curved container">
<span id="nav-home"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/">Home</a></span>
<span id="nav-hosts"><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a></span>
<span id="nav-config"><a href="/docs/config/">Configuration</a></span>
<span id="nav-examples"><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></span>
<span id="nav-wiki"><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage">Wiki</a></span>
<span id="nav-lists"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
<span id="nav-help"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="asf-box">
<h1>Apache Tomcat/8.0.26</h1>
</div>
<div id="upper" class="curved container">
<div id="congrats" class="curved container">
<h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
</div>
<div id="notice">
<img src="tomcat.png" alt="[tomcat logo]" />
<div id="tasks">
<h3>Recommended Reading:</h3>
<h4><a href="/docs/security-howto.html">Security Considerations HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Manager Application HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/cluster-howto.html">Clustering/Session Replication HOW-TO</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="actions">
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/status"><span>Server Status</span></a>
</div>
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/html"><span>Manager App</span></a>
</div>
<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/host-manager/html"><span>Host Manager</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<br class="separator" />
-->
<br class="separator" />
</div>
<div id="middle" class="curved container">
<h3>Developer Quick Start</h3>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="/docs/setup.html">Tomcat Setup</a></p>
<p><a href="/docs/appdev/">First Web Application</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="/docs/realm-howto.html">Realms & AAA</a></p>
<p><a href="/docs/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">JDBC DataSources</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></p>
</div>
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<div class="col25">
<div class="container">
<p><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Specifications">Servlet Specifications</a></p>
<p><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Tomcat Versions</a></p>
</div>
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<br class="separator" />
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<div id="lower">
<div id="low-manage" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Managing Tomcat</h3>
<p>For security, access to the <a href="/manager/html">manager webapp</a> is restricted.
Users are defined in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
<p>In Tomcat 8.0 access to the manager application is split between
different users. <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
<br />
<h4><a href="/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/changelog.html">Changelog</a></h4>
<h4><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html">Migration Guide</a></h4>
<h4><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/security.html">Security Notices</a></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="low-docs" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Documentation</h3>
<h4><a href="/docs/">Tomcat 8.0 Documentation</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/config/">Tomcat 8.0 Configuration</a></h4>
<h4><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage">Tomcat Wiki</a></h4>
<p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
<p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html">Tomcat 8.0 Bug Database</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/api/index.html">Tomcat 8.0 JavaDocs</a></li>
<li><a href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc8.0.x/">Tomcat 8.0 SVN Repository</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="low-help" class="">
<div class="curved container">
<h3>Getting Help</h3>
<h4><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/faq/">FAQ</a> and <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></h4>
<p>The following mailing lists are available:</p>
<ul>
<li id="list-announce"><strong><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-announce">tomcat-announce</a><br />
Important announcements, releases, security vulnerability notifications. (Low volume).</strong>
</li>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-users">tomcat-users</a><br />
User support and discussion
</li>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#taglibs-user">taglibs-user</a><br />
User support and discussion for <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/">Apache Taglibs</a>
</li>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html#tomcat-dev">tomcat-dev</a><br />
Development mailing list, including commit messages
</li>
</ul>
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<h4>Other Downloads</h4>
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<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi">Tomcat Connectors</a></li>
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