设计模式之职责链模式

设计模式之职责链模式

1）职责链模式（Chain Of Responsibility Pattern），又叫责任链模式，为请求创建了一个接受者对象的链。这种模式对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。

2）职责链模式通常每个接收者都包含另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么他会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依次类推

3）这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式

说白了，就是流水线，不是自己整的活就由流下去直到有人做完为止

例子：采购审批流程

金额 小于等于5000 由主任批

金额 小于等于10000由院长批

金额 小于等于30000由副校长批

金额 超过30000 由校长批

public abstract class Approver {
    Approver approver;//下一个处理者
    String name;

    public Approver(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
        this.approver = approver;
    }

    //处理审批请求方法
    public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
}

public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver{
    public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000){
            System.out.println("请求编号id =" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        }else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class CollegeApprover extends Approver{
    public CollegeApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 5000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000){
            System.out.println("请求编号id =" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        }else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class ViceSchoolMasterApprover extends Approver{
    public ViceSchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 10000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 30000){
            System.out.println("请求编号id =" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        }else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class SchoolMasterApprover extends Approver{
    public SchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
        if( purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 30000){
            System.out.println("请求编号id =" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
        }else {
            approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
        }
    }
}

public class PurchaseRequest {
    private int type;
    private float price = 0.0f;
    private int id = 0;

    public PurchaseRequest(int type, float price, int id) {
        this.type = type;
        this.price = price;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个请求
        PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 31000, 1);

        DepartmentApprover departmentApprover = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
        CollegeApprover collegeApprover = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
        ViceSchoolMasterApprover viceSchoolMasterApprover = new ViceSchoolMasterApprover("韩副校长");
        SchoolMasterApprover schoolMasterApprover = new SchoolMasterApprover("周校长");

        //将各个级别的下一个处理者设置好
        departmentApprover.setApprover(collegeApprover);
        collegeApprover.setApprover(viceSchoolMasterApprover);
        viceSchoolMasterApprover.setApprover(schoolMasterApprover);
        schoolMasterApprover.setApprover(departmentApprover);
        //形成环形
        departmentApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
    }
}
/**
请求编号id =1被周校长处理
**/

SpringMVC-HandlerExecutionChain类就使用到职责链模式

总结
1）将请求和处理分开，实现解耦，提高灵活性
2）简化了对象，使对象不需要知道链的结构
3）性能会受到影响，特别是在链比较长的时候，因此需要控制链中最大节点数量，一般通过Handler中设置一个最大节点数量，在setNext()方法中判断是否已经超过阈值，超过则不允许该链建立，避免出现超长链无意识的破坏系统性能
4）调试不方便，采用了类似递归的方式，调试时逻辑可能比较复杂