实验题目:
一.分析题目
1.172.16.0.0的掩码是16
2.红色的环回地址不能宣告
3.地址规划跟着IGP走不跟着BGP走
二.实验步骤
1.搭建实验拓扑
2.配置接口地址和环回地址
[r1]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip ad 10.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 12.1.1.1 24
[r8]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip ad 10.1.2.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int lo1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.2.1 24
[r8-LoopBack1]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 78.1.1.2 24
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.2.1 24
[r2]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.0.1 30
[r2]int g0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.9 30
[r3]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.3.1 24
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.2 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.0.5 30
[r4]int lo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.4.1 24
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.6 30
[r4]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.21 30
[r5]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.5.1 24
[r5]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.10 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.0.13 30
[r6]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.6.1 24
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.14 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 172.16.0.17 30
[r7]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip ad 172.16.7.1 24
[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 78.1.1.1 24
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.18 30
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 172.16.0.22 30
3.启用IGP协议(这里用的是ospf)
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
查看邻居关系是否建立完成
查看通过ospf学到的路由
查看整个ospf运行的路由:(这个不仅可以看到学到的路由还可以看到发出去的路由)
4.启用BGP
(1)建邻
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2 (大号在as2)
[r2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513 (对端是64513,假的EGP)
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]confederation id 2
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4]bgp 64512
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]confederation id 2
[r4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 as-number 64512
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r5]bgp 64513
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2
[r5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 as-number 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 as-number 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 as-number 64512
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 ebgp-max-hop 2
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 as-number 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r7-bgp]peer 78.1.1.2 as-number 3
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-bgp]peer 78.1.1.1 as-number 2
(2)宣告ar1的环回并查看路由条目是否可用可优:
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]network 10.1.1.0 24
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.3.1 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.5.1 next-hop-local
再次查看路由表,看问题是否解决了:
(4)解决IBGP 水平分割的问题
水平分割会让ar4和ar7都学不到路由,查看路由表的时候没有信息
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.2.1 reflect-client (172.16.2.1作为客户)
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.7.1 reflect-client (172.16.7.1 作为客户)
由上图可以看出有两条路由条目,其中一条的network还是空的,这是因为ar7从ar4和ar6上都学到了路由,因为属性是不变的,所以,空的network也是10.1.1.0/24
因为属性一模一样所以无法判断哪条路由是由哪个路由器传过来的,这时我们就需要以下的命令来查看
我们查看到从172.16.4.1接收到的路由条目是可优的。类似的也可以查看172.16.6.1
ar4到ar7之间是假的EBGP,ar6和ar7之间是IBGP,EBGP优于IBGP
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]network 10.1.2.0 24
(6)解决ar4和ar6路由表条目不优:
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.4.1 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.6.1 next-hop-local
5.宣告as2中所有的环回
可以在as2上每个路由器上宣告自己的环回,或者是在一个路由器上宣告所有的环回,但是这样会涉及到逻辑悖论的规则,所以为了规避这种情况的发生,我们这里采用汇总的办法。需要注意的是,ar2和ar7都要汇总,要汇总一起汇总
[r2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
6.完成第一条条件,使不宣告的两个环回可以互通
这里采用的办法是使用tunnel
[r1]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 10.1.3.1 24
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.1.1.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.1.2.1 (注意看单词是否正确,destination容易和description搞错)
[r8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 10.1.3.2 24
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 10.1.2.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 10.1.1.1
查看是否搭建成功:
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.3.2
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0
测试一下,两个不宣告的环回是否能通: