java接口、lambda表达式与内部类

接口

在java5中，Comparable接口已经提升为一个泛型类型。

package chapter_6;
import java.time.LocalDate;
public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> {
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;
  /*  public int compareTo(Object otherObject)
    {
        Employee other=(Employee)otherObject;
        return Double.compare(salary,other.salary);
    }*/
    public int compareTo(Employee other)
    {
        return Double.compare(salary,other.salary);
    }
    public Employee() {
    }

    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public LocalDate getHireDay() {
        return hireDay;
    }

    public void setHireDay(LocalDate hireDay) {
        this.hireDay = hireDay;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "polymorphic_my{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                ", hireDay=" + hireDay +
                '}';
    }
}

接口中所有方法都是public

package chapter_6;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class EmployeeSortTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        var staff=new Employee[3];
        staff[0]=new Employee("文天瑞",100,2003,5,12);
        staff[1]=new Employee("谢雨晨",1000,2002,4,3);
        staff[2]=new Employee("黄颖琪",10000,2004,6,7);
        Arrays.sort(staff);
        for (Employee employee : staff) {
            System.out.println("name="+employee.getName()+" ,salary="+ employee.getSalary());
        }
    }
}

package chapter_6;
import java.time.LocalDate;
public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> {
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private LocalDate hireDay;
  /*  public int compareTo(Object otherObject)
    {
        Employee other=(Employee)otherObject;
        return Double.compare(salary,other.salary);
    }*/
    public int compareTo(Employee other)
    {
        return Double.compare(salary,other.salary);
    }
    public Employee() {
    }

    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public LocalDate getHireDay() {
        return hireDay;
    }

    public void setHireDay(LocalDate hireDay) {
        this.hireDay = hireDay;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "polymorphic_my{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                ", hireDay=" + hireDay +
                '}';
    }
}

接口的属性

接口变量必须引用实现了这个接口的类对象例如:

Comparable x=new Employee(...);

静态和私有方法

在java8中，允许在接口中增加静态方法，通常是将静态方法放在伴随类中。
在java9中，接口中的方法可以是private。

默认方法

可以为接口方法提供一个默认实现。必须用default修饰符标记这样一个方法。

package chapter_6;

public interface my_Comparable<T> {
    default int compareTo(T other){return 0;}
}

默认方法可以在Iterator接口中有用，例如：

package chapter_6;

public interface Iterator <E>{
    boolean hasNext();
    E next();
    default void remove(){throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");}
}

如果我的迭代器是只读的，就不用操心实现remove方法。

解决默认方法冲突

1.超类优先，如果超类提供了一个具体方法，同名而且有相同参数类型的默认方法会被忽略。
2.接口冲突。如果一个接口提供了一个默认方法，另一个接口提供了一个相同的方法，必须覆盖这个方法来解决冲突。
例如：

package chapter_6;

public interface Person {
    default String getName(){return "1";}
}
interface Named
{
    default String getName(){return getClass().getName()+" "+hashCode();}

}
class Student implements Person,Named{
    public String getName()
    {
        return Person.super.getName();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student=new Student();
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

接口和回调

package chapter_6;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.time.Instant;

public class TimerTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        var listener =new TimePrinter();
        var timer=new Timer(100,listener);
        timer.start();
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Quit progrem?");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}
class TimePrinter implements ActionListener
{
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
    {
        System.out.println("At the tone,the time is"+ Instant.ofEpochMilli(event.getWhen()));
        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep();
    }
}

方法引用

例如:

var timer=new Timer(1000,System.out::println);

表达式System.out::println就是一个方法引用，编译器会根据上下文来确定使用哪一个方法。
例如：

 Arrays.sort(planets,String::compareToIgnoreCase);

注意，只有当lambda表达式只调用一个方法而不做其他操作时，才能把lambda表达式重写为方法引用。