java多线程

ChengLAA

已于 2023-03-01 10:51:35 修改

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文章标签： java

于 2021-12-15 18:34:20 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63262602/article/details/121939736

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解决方式1--并发协作模型 “ 生产者 / 消费者模式 ” --->管程法

解决方式2--并发协作模型 “ 生产者 / 消费者模式 ” --->信号灯法

使用线程池

总结

简介

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实现（重点）

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Lamda表达式

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示例1：依次简化

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示例2：带参数的方法

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示例3：在2的基础上简化

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1.lamdba表达式只能简化有一行代码的情况，若有多行，则用代码块；
2.前提：接口为函数式接口
3.多个参数也可以化简，全部去掉参数类型，但是不能去掉括号

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状态

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停止线程

线程休眠

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线程礼让

让当前正在执行的线程暂停，但不阻塞；将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态；

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Join -- vip

Join合并线程，待此线程执行完成后，再执行其他线程，其他线程阻塞 --- 可以想象成插队

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线程状态观测

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package 多线程;

public class Text01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("lll");
        });
        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state=thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        while(state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            state=thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}
//一旦进入死亡状态，就不能再次启动

/*
NEW
RUNNABLE
RUNNABLE
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
TIMED_WAITING
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TIMED_WAITING
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TIMED_WAITING
lll
TERMINATED

Process finished with exit code 0

*/

线程的优先级

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package 多线程;

public class TextPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread thread5 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动；优先级高的先跑
        thread1.start();

        thread2.setPriority(1);
        thread2.start();

        thread3.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
        thread3.start();

        //thread4.setPriority(-1);报错


        //thread5.setPriority(11)；报错

    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

//main---->5
//Thread-2---->10
//Thread-0---->5
//Thread-1---->1

守护线程

package 多线程;

//A守护B
public class TextTameon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        B b = new B();

        Thread thread = new Thread(a);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认false->用户线程
        thread.start();//守护线程启动

        new Thread(b).start();//用户线程启动


    }
}

//A
class A implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            System.out.println("BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB");
        }
    }
}

//B
class B implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("AAAAAAAAAAAAAA");
        }
        System.out.println("GoodBye");
    }
}

线程同步

同个对象被多个线程同时操作--同步

多个线程访问同一个对象--并发

三大不安全案例

package 多线程;
//不安全的买票
public class UnSafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket ticket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(ticket,"1").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"2").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"3").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
    //票
    private int ticketNum = 50;
    boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNum <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
    }
}

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package 多线程;

import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;

public class UnSafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"jijin");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "you");
        Drawing i = new Drawing(account, 100, "I");

        you.start();
        i.start();


    }
}
//账户
class Account {
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money,String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取钱
    int nowMoney;//剩钱
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account=account;
        this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;

    }
    //取钱


    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断现在有没有钱
        if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
            return ;
        }
        //sleep放大问题的发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
        nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName()+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
    }
}

package 多线程;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

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解决方法

package 多线程;
//不安全的买票
public class UnSafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket ticket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(ticket,"1").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"2").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"3").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
    //票
    private int ticketNum = 50;
    boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while(flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
//synchronized   同步方法，锁的是this
    private synchronized  void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNum <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
    }
}

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package 多线程;

import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;

public class UnSafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"jijin");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "you");
        Drawing i = new Drawing(account, 100, "I");

        you.start();
        i.start();


    }
}
//账户
class Account {
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money,String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取钱
    int nowMoney;//剩钱
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account=account;
        this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;

    }
    //取钱


    @Override
    public  void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            //判断现在有没有钱
            if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
                return ;
            }
            //sleep放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
            nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName()+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
        }

    }
}

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for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }

死锁

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package 多线程;

//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "wang");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "zhang");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lispstick {

}

//镜子
class Mirror {

}

class Makeup extends Thread {
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lispstick lispstick = new Lispstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girl;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girl) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girl = girl;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //化妆：互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lispstick) {
                //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girl + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);

                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girl + "获得镜子的锁");

                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                //获得mirror的锁
                System.out.println(this.girl + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);

                synchronized (lispstick) {//一秒钟后想获得口红
                    System.out.println(this.girl + "获得口红的锁");

                }
            }

        }
    }
}

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处理方法：

    //化妆：互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lispstick) {
                //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girl + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);

            }
            synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
            System.out.println(this.girl + "获得镜子的锁");

            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {
                //获得mirror的锁
                System.out.println(this.girl + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);

            }
            synchronized (lispstick) {//一秒钟后想获得口红
                System.out.println(this.girl + "获得口红的锁");

            }
        }
    }

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Lock锁

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package 多线程;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TextLOck {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TextLock2 textLock2 = new TextLock2();

        new Thread(textLock2).start();
        new Thread(textLock2).start();
        new Thread(textLock2).start();//多个资源操纵同一个对象，不安全（出现-1）

    }
}

class TextLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketnum =10;
    
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try{
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if(ticketnum>0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(ticketnum--);
            }else{
                break;
            }
            }finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }
}

线程协作模式

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解决方式1--并发协作模型 “ 生产者 / 消费者模式 ” --->管程法

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package 多线程;
//测试：生产者消费者模型--》利用缓冲区解决：管程法

//生产者，消费者，产品，缓冲区
public class TestPc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }

}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread {
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken {
    int id;//产品标号

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) {
        //如果容器满了，就需要等待消费者消费
        if (count == chickens.length) {
            //通知消费者消费，生产等待
                try {
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
        }
        //如果没有满，丢入产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop() {
        //判断能否消费
        if (count == 0) {
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

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解决方式2--并发协作模型 “ 生产者 / 消费者模式 ” --->信号灯法

package 多线程;

//测试生产者消费者问题2：信号灯法：标志位解决
public class TextPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者--演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("a");
            }else {
                this.tv.play("b");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者--观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品--节目
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待  T
    //观众观看，演员等待  F

    String voice;//表演的节目
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized  void play(String voice) {
        if (!flag) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了：" + voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

        //观看
        public synchronized  void watch(){
        if (flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了："+voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
        this.flag = !this.flag;

    }
}

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使用线程池

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package 多线程;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TextPllo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1。创建服务，创建线程池
        //newFixedThreadPool 参数为：线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //关闭链接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

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总结

package 多线程;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

//总结线程的创建
public class ThreadNew {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyThread1().start();

        new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();

        FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread3());
        new Thread(futureTask).start();

        try {
            Integer integer = futureTask.get();
            System.out.println(integer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}
//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread1");
    }
}
//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("MyThread2");
    }
}
//3。实现Callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable<Integer> {
    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyThread3");
        return 100;
    }
}

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java多线程

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