RHCSA 第四天

文件查找

（1）

[root@localhost home]# find /home -mtime +2    #查找家目录下两天前被修改过数据的文件#

/home
/home/guest/.mozilla
/home/guest/.mozilla/extensions
/home/guest/.mozilla/plugins
/home/guest/.bash_logout
/home/guest/.bash_profile
/home/guest/.bashrc
 

（2）

[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name host*      #查找在/etc目录下以host开头的文件#
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/avahi/hosts
/etc/hostname
/etc/nvme/hostnqn
/etc/nvme/hostid
 

（3）

[root@localhost ~]# find /test -type d     #查找在/test目录下的目录文件#
/test 
/test/.esd-0
/test/tracker-extract-files.0
/test/.X11-unix
/test/.Test-unix
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/tmp
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/tmp
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/tmp
/test/.local
/test/.local/share
/test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster
/test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/data
/test/.ICE-unix
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/tmp
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/tmp
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/tmp
/test/vmware-root_1024-2965448061
/test/.XIM-unix
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h
/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/tmp
/test/.font-unix
     

（4）

[root@localhost ~]# find /test -size +2k    #查找/test目录下超过2kb的文件
/test
/test/anaconda.log
/test/dbus.log
 

打包压缩

（1）

[root@localhost ~]# zip -r myfile.zip /test       #将/test目录下所有文件压缩为myfile.zip文件#
  adding: test/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/ks-script-5tee0nyv (deflated 47%)
  adding: test/.viminfo (deflated 49%)
  adding: test/.X1024-lock (deflated 9%)
  adding: test/.X0-lock (deflated 9%)
  adding: test/.esd-0/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.esd-0/socket
zip warning: No such device or address
    zip warning: could not open for reading: test/.esd-0/socket
  adding: test/tracker-extract-files.0/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/anaconda.log (deflated 60%)
  adding: test/program.log (deflated 12%)
  adding: test/packaging.log (stored 0%)
  adding: test/dnf.librepo.log (stored 0%)
  adding: test/sensitive-info.log (stored 0%)
  adding: test/dbus.log (deflated 86%)
  adding: test/ks-script-vgyxkene (deflated 26%)
  adding: test/.X11-unix/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.X11-unix/X1024
zip warning: No such device or address
    zip warning: could not open for reading: test/.X11-unix/X1024
  adding: test/.X11-unix/X0
zip warning: No such device or address
    zip warning: could not open for reading: test/.X11-unix/X0
  adding: test/.Test-unix/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.local/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.local/share/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/data/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.ICE-unix/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.ICE-unix/6339
zip warning: No such device or address
    zip warning: could not open for reading: test/.ICE-unix/6339
  adding: test/.ICE-unix/6686
zip warning: No such device or address
    zip warning: could not open for reading: test/.ICE-unix/6686
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/vmware-root_1024-2965448061/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.XIM-unix/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/tmp/ (stored 0%)
  adding: test/.font-unix/ (stored 0%)

zip warning: Not all files were readable
  files/entries read:  38 (6.5K bytes)  skipped:  5 (0 bytes)

root@localhost ~]# ls                                   #查看是否压缩成功#
anaconda-ks.cfg  Downloads             myfile.zip  Templates
Desktop          initial-setup-ks.cfg  Pictures    Videos
Documents        Music                 Public
 

(2)

[root@localhost ~]# unzip myfile.zip -d /opt     #将myfile.zip解压到/opt
Archive:  myfile.zip
caution: filename not matched:  /opt
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt
[root@localhost ~]# cat /opt
cat: /opt: Is a directory
[root@localhost ~]# unzip myfile -d /opt
Archive:  myfile.zip
   creating: /opt/test/
  inflating: /opt/test/ks-script-5tee0nyv  
  inflating: /opt/test/.viminfo      
  inflating: /opt/test/.X1024-lock   
  inflating: /opt/test/.X0-lock      
   creating: /opt/test/.esd-0/
   creating: /opt/test/tracker-extract-files.0/
  inflating: /opt/test/anaconda.log  
  inflating: /opt/test/program.log   
 extracting: /opt/test/packaging.log  
 extracting: /opt/test/dnf.librepo.log  
 extracting: /opt/test/sensitive-info.log  
  inflating: /opt/test/dbus.log      
  inflating: /opt/test/ks-script-vgyxkene  
   creating: /opt/test/.X11-unix/
   creating: /opt/test/.Test-unix/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/.local/
   creating: /opt/test/.local/share/
   creating: /opt/test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/
   creating: /opt/test/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/data/
   creating: /opt/test/.ICE-unix/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/vmware-root_1024-2965448061/
   creating: /opt/test/.XIM-unix/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/
   creating: /opt/test/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/tmp/
   creating: /opt/test/.font-unix/
 

(3)

[root@localhost opt]# tar -czvf /test/new.file.tar.gz /test   #将/opt目录下的文件压缩成newfile.tar.gz#
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/test/
/test/tmp/
/test/tmp/ks-script-5tee0nyv
/test/tmp/.viminfo
/test/tmp/.X1024-lock
/test/tmp/.X0-lock
/test/tmp/.esd-0/
tar: /test/tmp/.esd-0/socket: socket ignored
/test/tmp/tracker-extract-files.0/
/test/tmp/anaconda.log
/test/tmp/program.log
/test/tmp/packaging.log
/test/tmp/dnf.librepo.log
/test/tmp/sensitive-info.log
/test/tmp/dbus.log
/test/tmp/ks-script-vgyxkene
/test/tmp/.X11-unix/
tar: /test/tmp/.X11-unix/X1024: socket ignored
tar: /test/tmp/.X11-unix/X0: socket ignored
/test/tmp/.Test-unix/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-geoclue.service-CAa45i/tmp/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-colord.service-di7Svi/tmp/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-fwupd.service-ICndNi/tmp/
/test/tmp/.local/
/test/tmp/.local/share/
/test/tmp/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/
/test/tmp/.local/share/ibus-typing-booster/data/
/test/tmp/.ICE-unix/
tar: /test/tmp/.ICE-unix/6339: socket ignored
tar: /test/tmp/.ICE-unix/6686: socket ignored
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-ModemManager.service-T5AIwj/tmp/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-bluetooth.service-g7n3yf/tmp/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-rtkit-daemon.service-cCIN2e/tmp/
/test/tmp/vmware-root_1024-2965448061/
/test/tmp/.XIM-unix/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/
/test/tmp/systemd-private-1e38f2ea2c6b4474b0b50ee80e9ad36c-chronyd.service-EF2Y8h/tmp/
/test/tmp/.font-unix/
tar: /test: file changed as we read it
 

（4）

[root@localhost opt]# tar -cvf /test/etc.tar /etc  #将/etc备份至/test#

[root@localhost opt]# ls /test             #查看/test可知备份成功
etc.tar  new.file.tar.gz  tmp
 

别名

1.当前用户永久生效的命令别名

（1）写一个命令为hello，实现功能为每输入一次hello命令，就有hello everyone写入文件/file.txt文件中

 alias hello='encho hello everyone >> /file.txt'   

[root@localhost home]# cat /file.txt
hello everyone
 

（2）写一个命令别名为shuaxin,实现的功能为每输入一次该命令，file.txt文件的所有时间就更新为当前时间。

[root@localhost home]# alias shuaxin='touch /file.txt'

[root@localhost home]# shuaxin
[root@localhost home]# stat /file.txt
  File: /file.txt
  Size: 35            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 1533751     Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_runtime_t:s0
Access: 2022-08-02 10:11:36.101427091 -0400
Modify: 2022-08-02 10:11:36.101427091 -0400
Change: 2022-08-02 10:11:36.101427091 -0400
 Birth: 2022-08-02 09:54:08.700156479 -0400
 

2、所有用户生效的命令别名 写一个所有用户都生效的命令别名为hh，每一个用户输入这个命令之后可以在该用户家目录下创建一个file1 文件。

[root@localhost home]# alias hh='mkdir ~/file1'
[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/bashrc
 

用户管理

 1、新建一个名为sarah的用户，不属于adminuser组，并将其shell设置为不可登陆shell

[root@localhost home]# useradd sarah 
sarah:x:1001:1001::/home/sarah:/sbin/nologin
 

2、创建alex用户，使alex用户满足以下要求：用户id为3456，描述名为alian，密码为glegunge，附属 组为group

[root@localhost home]# useradd alex

[root@localhost home]# groupadd -r group

[root@localhost home]# useradd alex -u 3456 -c alian -G group

[root@localhost home]# passwd glegunge alex