1.净水汽通量计算理论
径向整层水汽通量:
纬向整层水汽通量:
纬向西边界净水汽通量:
纬向东边界净水汽通量:
经向南边界净水汽通量:
经向北边界净水汽通量:
其中,为地球半径,
为纬度,
为经度
区域净水汽通量:
2.python实现以及区域分布绘图
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
import metpy.constants as constants
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FormatStrFormatter
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import datetime as dt
import xarray as xr
import metpy.calc as mpcalc
from metpy.units import units
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Times New Roman'
fontdict = {"size":8,"weight":"bold"}
ds=xr.open_dataset(r'*/era5_u_v_w_t_rh_q2.nc') #era5
area_f=[] #区域上边界
lev = ds.level[:] # 读取气压层,单位为mb,即hPa,一维的14.
lat_b=22
lat_t=42
lon_left=70
lon_right=110
time_left="2021-07-25T00:00:00"
time_right="2021-07-26T00:00:00"
time1=time_left[8:10]
time2=time_right[8:10]
print(time1,time2)
#区域经纬度
for lat in np.arange(lat_b,lat_t+0.1,0.25):
for lon in np.arange(lon_left,lon_right+0.1,0.25):
u = ds.u.loc[time_left:time_right,:,lat+0.25:lat,lon:lon+0.25].mean(axis=0) # U风分量,单位为m/s
v = ds.v.loc[time_left:time_right,:,lat+0.25:lat,lon:lon+0.25].mean(axis=0) # V风分量,单位为m/s
q = ds.q.loc[time_left:time_right,:,lat+0.25:lat,lon:lon+0.25].mean(axis=0) # 读取比湿,单位为kg/kg
Lon=q.longitude
Lat=q.latitude
# # # 计算单层水汽通量和水汽通量散度
qv_u = u*q/(constants.g*10**-2) # g的单位为m/s2,换算为N/kg,再换算为10-2hPa·m2/kg,最终单层水汽通量的单位是kg/m•hPa•s
qv_v = v*q/(constants.g*10**-2)
total_q_u = np.trapz(qv_u,lev,axis=0) #将单位kg/(m*s)
total_q_v = np.trapz(qv_v,lev,axis=0)
F_u=-np.trapz(total_q_u,Lat,axis=0)*(6.37*10**6) #纬向积分纬度
F_v=np.trapz(total_q_v,Lon,axis=1)*(6.37*10**6)*np.cos(lat*np.pi/180)#纬向积分经度
we_f=F_u.data[0]-F_u.data[-1]+F_v.data[-1]-F_v.data[0]
area_f.append(we_f)
fontdict1 = {"size":6,"weight":"bold"}
#平均时间段内,所有高度层风场
u1 = ds.u.loc[time_left:time_right,:,lat_t:lat_b,lon_left:lon_right].mean(axis=0).mean(axis=0) # U风分量,单位为m/s
v1 = ds.v.loc[time_left:time_right,:,lat_t:lat_b,lon_left:lon_right].mean(axis=0).mean(axis=0)
ws=(u1**2+v1**2)**0.5
#水汽通量转换为2维与经纬度长度相同(纬度,经度)
a=np.array(area_f).reshape(int((lat_t-lat_b)/0.25)+1,int((lon_right-lon_left)/0.25)+1)
scale='50m'
proj = ccrs.PlateCarree()
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,3),dpi=600,facecolor="w")
ax1=plt.subplot(1,1,1,projection=proj)
#绘制省界
m = Basemap(llcrnrlon=lon_left,llcrnrlat=lat_b,urcrnrlon=lon_right,urcrnrlat=lat_t)
m.readshapefile(r'G:\shpfile\country1_4l_4p\Data_ipynb\bou2_4l','province',color='gray',linewidth=0.5,default_encoding='latin-1')
ax1.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale(scale)) #绘制海洋
ax1.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale(scale),lw=0.2,color='ghostwhite') #绘制陆地
ax1.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE,lw=0.25) #绘制海岸线
#绘制净水汽通量平面分布
nwf= ax1.contourf(np.arange(lon_left,lon_right+0.1,0.25),np.arange(lat_b,lat_t+0.1,0.25),a/10**6
,cmap='bwr', extend='both',levels=range(-15,16,5) )
cbar = fig.colorbar(nwf, shrink=0.7, pad=0.02,ticks=range(-15,16,5)) #colorbar设置
cbar.ax.tick_params(direction='in',length=2,labelsize=5)
cbar.set_label('Net Water Vapor Flux ( 10$^6$kg/s )', fontsize=8)
#每间隔5个数据绘制风场,目的稀疏风矢量;风速标准后使得矢量箭头大小一致
ax1.quiver(u1.longitude[::5],u1.latitude[::5], (u1/ws)[::5,::5], (v1/ws)[::5,::5], pivot='tail',width=0.002,
scale=50, color='k', headwidth=4,alpha=1,transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),zorder=10)
ax1.set_yticks(range(lat_b,lat_t+1,5)) # 指定要显示的经纬度
ax1.set_xticks(range(lon_left,lon_right+1,5))
ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(LongitudeFormatter()) # 刻度格式转换为经纬度样式
ax1.yaxis.set_major_formatter(LatitudeFormatter())
ax1.tick_params(axis='both',which="major",length=2,width=1.0,color="k",direction='in',labelsize=6)
ax1.tick_params(axis='both',which="minor",length=1,width=1.0,color="k",direction='in',labelsize=6)
ax1.tick_params(top='in', right='in', which='both')
ax1.set_xlabel('Longitude',fontdict=fontdict)
ax1.set_ylabel('Latitude',fontdict=fontdict)
ax1.set_title('07-{} 00:00 UTC ~ 07-{} 00:00 UTC'.format(time1,time2),fontsize=8,loc="left" )
plt.show()
3.输出结果