经典例题：生产者/消费者问题

生产者(Productor)将产品放在柜台(Counter)，而消费者(Customer)从柜台
处取走产品，生产者一次只能生产固定数量的产品(比如:1）， 这时柜台中不能
再放产品,此时生产者应停止生产等待消费者拿走产品,此时生产者唤醒消费者来
取走产品,消费者拿走产品后,唤醒生产者,消费者开始等待.

package 生产与消费;

public class Counter {
     int num=0;

    public synchronized void add(){
        if(num==0){
            num=1;
            this.notify();//唤醒消费者进程
            System.out.println("生产者生产了一件商品");
        }else {
            try {
                this.wait();//生产者线程等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
    public synchronized void sub(){
        if(num==1){
            num=0;
            this.notify();//唤醒生产者进程
            System.out.println("消费者消费了一件商品");
        }else {
            try {
                this.wait();//消费者线程等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

package 生产与消费;

public class ProductThread extends Thread{
    Counter counter;

    public ProductThread(Counter counter) {
        this.counter = counter;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            counter.add();
        }
    }
}

package 生产与消费;

public class ConsumeThread extends Thread{
    Counter counter;

    public ConsumeThread(Counter counter) {
        this.counter = counter;
    }
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            counter.sub();
        }
    }
}

package 生产与消费;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Counter counter=new Counter();
        ProductThread productThread=new ProductThread(counter);
        ConsumeThread consumeThread=new ConsumeThread(counter);
        productThread.start();
        consumeThread.start();
    }


}