图书管理借阅系统【Java简易版】Java三大特征封装,继承,多态的综合运用

前言
前几篇文章讲到了Java的基本语法规则,今天我们就用前面学到的数组,类和对象,封装,继承,多态,抽象类,接口等做一个图书管理借阅系统。

🥇1.分析图书管理系统要实现的功能

Java语言是面向对象的,所以首先要分析完成这个图书管理系统,有哪些对象:
👱使用者User
📘书Book
📲操作Operation
使用者分为两种,普通用户(NormalUser)和图书管理员(AdminUser)对于普通用户来说,需要查找,借阅,归还图书操作。
在这里插入图片描述

对于图书管理员来说,需要查找,新增,删除,显示图书操作。
在这里插入图片描述

🥇2.在IDEA中创建对象

在这里插入图片描述

🥇3.实现book对象

🥉Book类

书有以下属性:
书名 String name
作者 String author
价格 int price
类型 String type
是否被借出 boolean isBorrow

	private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

注意:这里的控制符全部设置为了私有的,需要提供方法来获取
提供get( )和set( )进行设置和获取

 public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

提供一个构造方法

注意构造方法中不提供isBorrow,isBorrow是boolean类型,默认值为false,表示未被借出

 public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;

    }

提供ToString方法显示书的信息

  public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +((isBorrowed==true)?"已被借阅":"未被借阅")+
                '}';
    }

完整的book类

package book;


public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;
    //构造方法
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;

    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +((isBorrowed==true)?"已被借阅":"未被借阅")+
                '}';
    }
}

🥉BookList类

用于存放book,相当于书架
设置一个book类型的数组存放书

 private Book[] books;

再设置一个成员变量记录书的数量

   private int usedSize;

提供一个构造方法,进行一次初始化

 public BookList() {
        this.books =new Book[DEFAULT_CAPACITY];
        //初始化三本书
        this.books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
        this.books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",10,"小说");
        this.books[2]=new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",10,"小说");
        this.usedSize=3;
    }

再提供一个book类型的成员方法获取下标为pos的book

 public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return books[pos];
    }

再提供一个方法,给一个数组下标和book,存放到bookList中

 public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
        books[pos]=book;
    }

提供一个方法,获取书的数量

  public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

提供一个方法,修改书的数量

public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {

        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

提供一个方法,获取book数组

 public Book[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

完整的BookList类

package book;


public class BookList {
    private Book[] books;
    private int usedSize;
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
    public BookList() {
        this.books =new Book[DEFAULT_CAPACITY];
        //初始化三本书
        this.books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
        this.books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",10,"小说");
        this.books[2]=new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",10,"小说");
        this.usedSize=3;
    }

    public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return books[pos];

    }

    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {

        books[pos]=book;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {

        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

    public Book[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }
}

🥇4.功能

管理员或是普通用户,对书的操作都是在BookList类的数组books中进行操作,提供一个IOperation的接口,实现对数组的操作

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

创建各种类,来实现对书的所有操作,引用IOperation接口,对方法进行重写

举个例子:

public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
 
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书!");
    }
}

🥇5.面向用户

普通用户和图书管理员都是用户,需要进行操作,所以我们直接创建一个User类

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    protected IOperation[] iOperation;

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public abstract int menu();
    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {

        iOperation[choice].work(bookList);
    }


}

🥉普通用户类

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperation=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("**********普通用户******");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("**********************");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作:");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

🥉图书管理员

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperation=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation(),
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("**********管理员用户*****");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 新增图书");
        System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
        System.out.println("4. 显示图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("**********************");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作:");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

🥉测试类

将所有类连接起来,使类之间相互交互

package user;

import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

import operation.*;


public class Main {
    public static User login(){
        System.out.println("请输入你的名字: ");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name= scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份:1.管理员   2.普通用户->");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice==1){
            return new AdminUser(name);
        } else  {
            return new NormalUser(name);

        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList=new BookList();
        User user=login();
        while(true){

            int choice= user.menu();
            System.out.println("choice: "+choice);
            user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
        }
    }
}

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

🥇5.实现操作功能

🥉新增图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入名字:");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入作者:");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入类型:");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入价格:");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
        int curr=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book1=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("该书已存在,无法存放!");
            } else if (curr==bookList.getBooks().length) {
                System.out.println("已经存放满,无法再存放!");
            }else {
                bookList.setBooks(curr,book);
                bookList.setUsedSize(curr+1);
            }
        }
    }
}

🥉删除图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的书名:");
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int curr= bookList.getUsedSize();
        int pos=-1;
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book1=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                pos = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (pos==-1){
            System.out.println("没有找到书名!");
        }else {
            int j=pos;
            for ( ; j < curr-1; j++) {
                Book book=bookList.getBook(j+1);
                bookList.setBooks(j,book);
            }
            bookList.setBooks(j,null);
            bookList.setUsedSize(curr-1);
            System.out.println("删除成功!");
        }

    }
}

🥉查找图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名:");
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int curr= bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                System.out.println("找到你想查找的书名:");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }

        }
        System.out.println("你要查找的书籍不存在");
    }
}

🥉借阅图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书!");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书名:");
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int curr=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                book.setBorrowed(true);
                System.out.println("借阅成功!");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("借阅的书籍不存在!");
    }
}

🥉归还图书

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书!");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名:");
        String name= scanner.nextLine();
        int curr= bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)){
                book.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功!");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("未查找到你要归还的书名!");
    }
}

🥉打印图书

package operation;

import book.BookList;


public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("打印图书!");
        int curr= bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < curr; i++) {
            System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
        }
    }
}

🥉退出系统

package operation;

import book.BookList;


public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出图书!");
        System.out.println("退出系统!");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

写文至此,如有不同见解或者疑惑,欢迎在评论区留言!

评论 17
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

Mang go

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付:¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足,请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值