学习素材:MATLAB教程_台大郭彦甫(14课)原视频补档
MATLAB教學 - 05初阶绘图_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
(部分素材使用视频截图)
目录
2.XLim、YLim、FontSize、XTick、XTickLabel、FontName
一、plot()
会把旧的图形用新的图形清除掉
>> hold on
>> plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi));
>> plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi));
>> hold off
1.窗口元素
2.plot(x,y,’str’)
hold on
plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi),'or--');
plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi),'xg:');
hold off
3.lenged()
X=0:0.5:4*pi;
y=sin(x);
h=cos(x);
w=1./(1+exp(-x));
g=(1/(2*pi*2)^0.5).*exp((-1.*(x-2*pi).^2)./(2*2^2));
plot(x,y,'bd-',x,h,'gp:',x,w,'ro-',x,g,'c^-');
legend('sin(x)','cos(x)','Sigmoid','Gauss function');
4.titile() and label()
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
y1=sin(x);
y2=exp(-x);
plot(x,y1,'--*',x,y2,':o');
xlabel('t=0 to 2\pi');%\pi字源Π
ylabel('values of sin(t) and e^{-x}');%{-x}字源
title('Function Plots of sin(t) and e^{-x}');
legend('sin(t)','e^{-x}');
5. text() and annotation()
积分符号:\int
\int_{0}^{2}下标是0,上标是2
\sin宏命令,输出斜体的sin
Linspace 生成线性距离向量
y = linspace(x1,x2) 返回包含 x1 和 x2 之间的 100 个等间距点的行向量。
y = linspace(x1,x2,n) 生成 n 个点。这些点的间距为 (x2-x1)/(n-1)。
Text
向数据点添加文本描述 - MATLAB text - MathWorks 中国
Annotation
创建注释 - MATLAB annotation - MathWorks 中国
>> x = linspace(0,3);
>> y=x.^2.*sin(x);
>> plot(x,y);
>> line([2,2],[0,2^2*sin(2)]);
>> str = '$$\int_{0}^{2} x^2\sin(x) dx $$';
>> text(0.25,2.5,str,'Interpreter','latex');
%起点为[0.25,2.5]
%使用 LaTeX 标记解释字符
>> annotation('arrow','X',[0.32,0.5],'Y',[0.6,0.4]);%[0.32,0.5]:
%x坐标从整个图形的32%的地方到50%的地方(从左到右)
%[0.6,0.4]:y坐标从60%的地方到40%的地方(从上到下)
6.例题一
>> t=linspace(1,2);
y=t.^(2);
g=sin(2.*pi.*t);
>> plot(y);
>> plot(y,'k');
>> hold on
>> plot(g,'or');
>> hold off
>> title('Mini Assignment #1');
>> xlabel('Time(ms)');
>> ylabel('f(t)');
>> legend('t^{2}','sin(2\pi t)');
>> legend('t^{2}','sin(2\pit)');
legend('t^{2}','sin(2\pit)','Location','northwest');
二、Figure AdjustMent
1.查看图像属性
x= linspace(0,2*pi,1000);
>> y=sin(x);
>> plot(x,y);
>> h=plot(x,y);
>> get(h)
输出:
AlignVertexCenters: off
Annotation: [1×1 matlab.graphics.eventdata.Annotation]
BeingDeleted: off
BusyAction: 'queue'
ButtonDownFcn: ''
Children: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
Clipping: on
Color: [0 0.4470 0.7410]
ColorMode: 'auto'
ContextMenu: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
CreateFcn: ''
DataTipTemplate: [1×1 matlab.graphics.datatip.DataTipTemplate]
DeleteFcn: ''
DisplayName: ''
HandleVisibility: 'on'
HitTest: on
Interruptible: on
LineJoin: 'round'
LineStyle: '-'
LineStyleMode: 'auto'
LineWidth: 0.5000
Marker: 'none'
MarkerEdgeColor: 'auto'
MarkerFaceColor: 'none'
MarkerIndices: [1×1000 uint64]
MarkerMode: 'auto'
MarkerSize: 6
Parent: [1×1 Axes]
PickableParts: 'visible'
Selected: off
SelectionHighlight: on
SeriesIndex: 1
Tag: ''
Type: 'line'
UserData: []
Visible: on
XData: [1×1000 double]
XDataMode: 'manual'
XDataSource: ''
YData: [1×1000 double]
YDataSource: ''
ZData: [1×0 double]
ZDataSource: ''
图像:
2.XLim、YLim、FontSize、XTick、XTickLabel、FontName
(1).XLim\YLim
set(gca,'XLim',[0,2*pi]);
%x轴的极限坐标:0-2*pi
set(gca,'YLim',[-1.2,1.2]);
%y轴的极限坐标:-1.2-1.2
%同
%xlim([0,2*pi]);
%ylim([-1.2,1.2]);
(2).FontSIze字体大小
FontSize字体大小
set(gca,'FontSize',25);
(3)XTick/XTickLabel
y=sin(x);
plot(x,y);
set(gca,'XLim',[0,2*pi]);
set(gca,'YLim',[-1.2,1.2]);
set(gca,'FontSize',25);
set(gca,'XTick',0:pi/2:2*pi);%0-2pi间隔为pi/2,弧度制
set(gca,'XTickLabel',0:90:360);%用0-360间隔为90的格式取代
%set(gca,’XLim’,[0,4]);设置显示0-4的范围
%set(gca,’XTick’,0:0.5:4);设置显示格式为0-4,步长为0.5
(4).FontName
set(gca,'FontName','tex');%tex转义字符
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'0','\pi/2','\pi','3\pi/2','2\pi'});
三、Line Specification
Line Specification
>> x= linspace(0,2*pi,1000);
>> y=sin(x);
>> plot(x,y);
>> h=plot(x,y);
>> set(h,'LineStyle','-.','LineWidth',7.0,'Color','g');
%同在绘图时直接改变:
%plot(x,y,’-g’,...
% ‘LineWidth’,7.0);
delete(h);%删除绘制的曲线h
四、图像中点的设置
1.基本属性
>> rand(20,1);%随机生成0-1的20*1矩阵
>> set(gca,'FontSize',18);
>> plot(x,'-md','LineWidth',2,'MarkerEdgeColor','k',...
'MarkerFaceColor','g','MarkerSize',10);
%LineWidth:线宽
%MarkerEdgeColor:点的边缘颜色
%MarkerFaceColor:点内部颜色
%MarkerSize:点大小
2.例题2
hold on
x=linspace(1,2); y=x.^2; z=sin(2*pi.*x);
plot(x,y,'k','LineWidth',3); plot(x,z,'or','MarkerFaceColor',[0.2,0,1]);
%'MarkerFaceColor',[0.2,0,1] RGB颜色
set(gca,'FontSize',18); xlabel('Time(ms)'); ylabel('f(t)'); title('Mini Assignment #1');
legend({'t^{2}','sin(2\pit)'},'Location','northwest');
hold off
五、绘制多个图像
>> x=-10:0.1:10;
>> y1= x.^2-8;
>> y2= exp(x);
>> figure,plot(x,y1);
>> figure,plot(x,y2);
%gca和gcf指最后绘制图像的属性
六、Position()间距
七、Subplot()
在一个figure中画很多小figure
>> t=0:0.1:2*pi;
>> x=3*cos(t);
>> y=sin(t);
>> subplot(2,2,1);
>> plot(x,y);axis normal;
>> subplot(2,2,2);plot(x,y);axis square;
>> subplot(2,2,3);plot(x,y);axis equal;
>> subplot(2,2,4);plot(x,y);axis equal tight;
关于axis:
设置坐标轴范围和纵横比 - MATLAB axis - MathWorks 中国
八、常用属性
九、存储
1.saveas
2.Print 高解析度
打印图窗或保存为特定文件格式 - MATLAB print - MathWorks 中国
十、属性编辑器
不需要代码,可直接设置