PyQt---------PyQt组件的学习

1.QLabel组件

QLabel用于显示文本或图像，不提供用户交互功能，标签的视觉外观可以以各种方式配置。

举个例子吧

import sys
from PyQt6.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")#设置窗口的名称
        
        widget=QLabel("Hello")
        font =widget.font()
        font.setPointSize(30)
        widget.setFont(font)
        widget.setAlignment(
        Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignHCenter
        | Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignHCenter#设置文字在窗口的中间位置
        )
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
app=QApplication(sys.argv)

window=MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

实现效果：

2.复选框QCheckBox：常用作表单选项

演示代码如下：

import sys

from PyQt6.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QCheckBox, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget=QCheckBox("This is a checkBox")
        widget.setCheckState(Qt.CheckState.Checked)
        
        widget.stateChanged.connect(self.show_state)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def show_state(self, s):
        print(Qt.CheckState(s)==Qt.CheckState.Checked)
        print(s)
        
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window=MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

实现效果 

0 是 Unchecked，2 是 Checked，1 是部分 checked

True 表示当前是选中的状态，Qt.CheckState.Checked = 2，所以底下显示 2

False 表示当前是未选中的状态，Qt.CheckState.Unchecked = 0，所以底下显示 0

下拉列表框 QComboBox：显示下拉框选项

演示代码如下：

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QComboBox, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget=QComboBox()
        widget.addItems(["One", "Two", "Three"])
        
        widget.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.index_changed)
        widget.currentTextChanged.connect(self.text_changed)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def index_changed(self, i):
        print(i)
        
    def text_changed(self, s):
        print(s)
        
app=QApplication(sys.argv)

window=MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

实现效果

One的索引是0，Two的索引是1，Three的索引是2

 

列表框QListWidget

演示代码如下：

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QListWidget, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        widget=QListWidget()
        
        widget.addItems(["One", "Two", "Three"])
        widget.currentItemChanged.connect(self.index_changed)
        widget.currentTextChanged.connect(self.text_changed)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def index_changed(self, i):
        print(i.text())
    
    def text_changed(self, s):
        print(s)
        
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

 实现效果

单行输入框QLineEdit

 演示代码如下：

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLineEdit, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget=QLineEdit()
        widget.setMaxLength(10)
        widget.setPlaceholderText("Enter your text")
        
        widget.returnPressed.connect(self.return_pressed)
        widget.selectionChanged.connect(self.selection_changed)
        widget.textChanged.connect(self.text_changed)
        widget.textEdited.connect(self.text_edited)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def return_pressed(self):
        print("Return pressed！")
        self.centralWidget().setText("BOOM!")
        
    def selection_changed(self):
        print("Selection changed")
        print(self.centralWidget().selectedText())
        
    def text_changed(self, s):
        print("Text changed...")
        print(s)
        
    def text_edited(self, s):
        print("Text edited...")
        print(s)
        
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window=MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()
        
        

实现效果：

随着输入的不同，显示效果不同

数值调整框QSpinBox

演示代码如下：

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QSpinBox

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget = QSpinBox()
        #or:widget = QDoubleSpinBox()
        
        widget.setMinimum(1)
        widget.setMaximum(31)
         #or:widget.setRange(1,31)
        
        widget.setPrefix("1月")
        widget.setSuffix("日")
        
        widget.setSingleStep(1) #or e.g. 0.5 for QDoubleSpinBox
        
        widget.valueChanged.connect(self.value_changed)
        widget.textChanged.connect(self.value_changed_str)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def value_changed(self, i):
            print(i)
            
    def value_changed_str(self, s):
            print(s)
            
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

实现效果：上下键调整数值,范围在（1，31）

滑动条QSlider

演示代码如下

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QSlider

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget = QSlider()
        widget.setMinimum(-10)
        widget.setMaximum(3)
        #or:widget ArithmeticError(-10,3)
        
        widget.setSingleStep(3)
        
        widget.valueChanged.connect(self.value_changed)
        widget.sliderMoved.connect(self.slider_position)
        widget.sliderPressed.connect(self.slider_pressed)
        widget.sliderReleased.connect(self.slider_released)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def value_changed(self, i):
        print(i)
        
    def slider_position(self, p):
        print("position", p)
        
    def slider_pressed(self):
        print("Pressed！")
        
    def slider_released(self):
        print("Released")

app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

实现效果

拖动滑动条于不同位置，数字显示不同

旋转组件QSpin

演示代码如下：

import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QDial, QMainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.setWindowTitle("My App")
        
        widget = QDial()
        widget.setRange(-10, 100)
        widget.setSingleStep(5)
        
        widget.valueChanged.connect(self.value_changed)
        widget.sliderMoved.connect(self.slider_position)
        widget.sliderPressed.connect(self.slider_pressed)
        widget.sliderReleased.connect(self.slider_released)
        
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        
    def value_changed(self, i):
        print(i)
        
    def slider_position(self, p):
        print("position", p)
    
    def slider_pressed(self):
        print("Pressed!")
        
    def slider_released(self):
        print("Released")
    
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

window = MainWindow()
window.show()

app.exec()

显示效果：

拖动圆球显示不同位置（position）