ppp配置与分析

已于 2023-09-24 20:22:36 修改
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分类专栏： 网络拓扑 文章标签： 智能路由器
于 2023-09-18 07:15:00 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_69884785/article/details/132836359
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目录

1.ppp基础配置

2.pap鉴别配置

3.CHAP鉴别配置

4.IP地址的协商

1.ppp基础配置

注：做完案例记得保存，案例是层层递进的！

以下案例做分析

注意事项

1.路由器配置如下：将2SA拖到上端

 

2.连线选择serial，否则最后ping不通

RT-BJ配置如下

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname RT-BJ
[RT-BJ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 17:21:38 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet protocol processing : disabled
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 17:21:36 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 17:21:31 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 17:22:48-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 1 bytes/sec 8 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 0 bytes/sec 0 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 14 packets, 460 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

这里按任意键可以退出

这里提取出的关键信息

ip地址

disabled

链路协议
Link layer protocol is PPP

LCP，IPCP状态
LCP opened, IPCP 无

Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC

该接口是数据终端设备端（DTE）

使用 V11 电缆进行物理连接

以 Transmit Clock（TC）模式工作。

链路协议ppp
LCP状态opened
IPCP状态无
物理链路类型V11
IP地址disabled
#配置串口Serial 4/0/0串行链路采用ppp
[RT-BJ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]link-protocol ppp
#配置串口ip地址
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ip address 192.168.90.2 255.255.255.0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]qu
#查看所有串口信息
[RT-BJ]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 4

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial4/0/0                       192.168.90.2/24      up         up        
Serial4/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      

#查看串口状态
[RT-BJ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 17:21:38 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP stopped
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 17:21:36 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 17:21:31 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 17:33:06-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec 56 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 152 packets, 4848 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0
  ---- More ----     

#显示串口当前配置信息
[RT-BJ]display current-configuration interface serial 4/0/0
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial4/0/0
 link-protocol ppp
 ip address 192.168.90.2 255.255.255.0 
#
return
[RT-BJ]

 这里提取出的关键信息

ip地址

 ip address 192.168.90.2 255.255.255.0 

链路协议 

link-protocol ppp

LCP，IPCP状态
LCP opened, IPCP stopped

Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC

该接口是数据终端设备端（DTE）

使用 V11 电缆进行物理连接

以 Transmit Clock（TC）模式工作。

链路协议ppp
LCP状态opened
IPCP状态stoped
物理链路类型V11
IP地址192.168.90.2 255.255.255.0 

 配置RT-SZ，和RT-BJ相似，这里不做说明

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname RT-SZ
[RT-SZ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 17:21:38 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet protocol processing : disabled
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 17:21:35 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 17:21:33 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 17:37:13-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec 56 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 214 packets, 6912 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

[RT-SZ]interface 	
[RT-SZ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]link-protocol ppp
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ip address 192.168.90.3 255.255.255.0
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 17:38:05-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-SZ]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 4

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial4/0/0                       192.168.90.3/24      up         up        
Serial4/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      

[RT-SZ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 17:38:05 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 17:21:35 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 17:21:33 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 17:38:45-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec 56 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 235 packets, 7590 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

[RT-SZ]display current-configuration interface serial 4/0/0
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial4/0/0
 link-protocol ppp
 ip address 192.168.90.3 255.255.255.0 
#
return
#到这里IPCP状态为 ：opened

关闭串口

[RT-SZ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 12 2023 17:42:32-08:00 RT-SZ %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[1]:On the interface S
erial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Dow
n. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 17:42:32-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 17:42:32-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 17:42:32-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[4]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : Administratively DOWN
Line protocol current state : DOWN
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP initial
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 17:21:35 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 17:42:32 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 17:42:44-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 282 packets, 9090 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

  ---- More ----

 重新开启串口

[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]disp
Sep 12 2023 19:07:42-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[5]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]display
Sep 12 2023 19:07:45-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[6]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]display 
Sep 12 2023 19:07:45-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[7]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 19:07:45 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 19:07:42 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 19:06:39 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 19:07:59-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 108 packets, 3502 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

LCP， IPCP的状态

1.没有与对端路由器进行连接时，LCP状态是opened，IPCP状态是无

2.与对端连接，但对端没有配置ppp链路协议时，LCP状态是opened，IPCP状态为stoped

3.当对端配置了ppp链路协议，LCP状态是opened，IPCP的状态是opened

4.如果关闭串口，则LCP状态为：LCP initial

 这里在ping对端路由器，则可以ping通

[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/18/20 ms

[RT-BJ]ping 192.168.90.3
  PING 192.168.90.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=80 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.90.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/44/80 ms

2.pap鉴别配置

依然是之前的配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
#配置串口Serial 4/0/0采用PAP鉴定
[Huawei]interface Serial 4/0/0
[Huawei-Serial4/0/0]ppp authentication-mode pap
[Huawei-Serial4/0/0]qu
[Huawei]sysname RT-BT
#将RT-BJ配置为PAP验证方，aaa是对网络安全的一种管理方式
[RT-BT]AAA
#显示aaa当前本地用户
[RT-BT-aaa]display local-user
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  User-name                      State  AuthMask  AdminLevel  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  admin                          A      H         -          
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total 1 user(s)
#配置被验证方使用的用户名和密码
#用户名为office,密码为12345678,用户名和密码保存在本地
[RT-BT-aaa]local-user myoffice-pap password cipher 12345678
Info: Add a new user.
[RT-BT-aaa]local-user myoffice-pap service-type ppp

#显示aaa当前本地用户
[RT-BT-aaa]display local-user
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  User-name                      State  AuthMask  AdminLevel  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  admin                          A      H         -          
  myoffice-pap                   A      P         -          
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total 2 user(s)
[RT-BT-aaa]qu
#关闭串口Serial 4/0/0 ,再重新打开,使链路重新协商
[RT-BT]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 12 2023 22:10:06-08:00 RT-BT %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[0]:On the interface S
erial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Dow
n. 
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 22:10:06-08:00 RT-BT %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 12 2023 22:10:06-08:00 RT-BT %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[2]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-BT-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-BT]
Sep 12 2023 22:10:18-08:00 RT-BT %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[3]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-BT]displa
Sep 12 2023 22:10:21-08:00 RT-BT %%01PPP/4/PEERNOPAP(l)[4]:On the interface Seri
al4/0/0, authentication failed and PPP link was closed because PAP was disabled 
on the peer. 
[RT-BT]displa
Sep 12 2023 22:10:21-08:00 RT-BT %%01PPP/4/RESULTERR(l)[5]:On the interface Seri
al4/0/0, LCP negotiation failed because the result cannot be accepted. 
#查看串口状态
[RT-BT]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : DOWN
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet protocol processing : disabled
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP closed
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 22:10:18 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 22:10:06 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-12 22:10:33-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec 56 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 219 packets, 7104 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

  ---- More ----

此时RT-BJ 与 RT-SZ互ping不通

因为PAP 是一种用于身份验证的协议，它要求在建立连接时进行用户名和密码的验证。如果只有一个路由器配置了 PAP，而另一个路由器未配置或不支持 PAP 认证，那么当两个路由器之间尝试建立连接时，可能会遇到身份验证失败的问题，从而导致无法正常通信。

[RT-SZ]ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss


[RT-BT]ping 192.168.90.3
  PING 192.168.90.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 192.168.90.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss

 将RT-SZ配置为PAP被验证方

#配置PAP认证功能
#配置本端被对端验证时，本端发送的用户名和密码
#验证方和被验证方用户名密码需一致
[RT-SZ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ppp pap local-user myoffice-pap password cipher 12345678

#关闭串口Serial 4/0/0 再重新打开,使链路重新协商
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-SZ]

[RT-SZ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 23:58:27 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 23:58:25 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 23:58:19 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 00:01:22-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 8 bytes/sec 64 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 4 bytes/sec 32 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 146 packets, 5944 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0
  ---- More ----

将RT-SZ配置为PAP被验证方后，RT-BJ

[RT-BJ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-12 23:58:27 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-12 23:58:21 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-12 23:58:20 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 00:04:12-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 185 packets, 7146 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0
  ---- More ----

 现在互ping一下，则可以ping通了

[RT-SZ]ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/16/20 ms



[RT-BJ]ping 192.168.90.3
  PING 192.168.90.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/30 ms

数据抓包

开启路由器RT-BJ串口Serial 4/0/0/的数据抓包，链路类型选择 “PPP”。为了抓取PAP数据包，需要先关闭（使用命令shutdown）路由器 的串口Serial 4/0/0，再重新打开（使用命令undo shutdown）该串口，使链路重新协商。可以抓到3个特殊的包

  1. LCP 配置请求（Configure Request）：该数据包由 PPP 客户端发送，用于提出 PPP 配置请求，请求 PPP 服务器协商链路参数。

  2. LCP 配置回应（Configure Ack）：该数据包由 PPP 服务器发送，用于确认接收到客户端的 LCP 配置请求，并回复自己的 PPP 配置信息。

  3. LCP 终止请求（Terminate Request）：该数据包由 PPP 客户端发送，用于主动终止 PPP 会话。

3.CHAP鉴别配置

注：在完成ppp的基础上进行实验

将RT-BJ配置为CHAP验证方

[RT-BJ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]link-protocol ppp
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ip add 192.168.90.2 255.255.255.0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]q
[RT-BJ]
#配置串口采用CHAP认证功能
[RT-BJ]in Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ppp authentication-mode chap
#配置本端用户名为rb-bj,密码为niceday
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ppp chap user rt-bj
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ppp chap password cipher niceday
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]q
#将RT-BJ配置为验证方
[RT-BJ]aaa
#显示aaa当前本地用户
[RT-BJ-aaa]display local-user
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  User-name                      State  AuthMask  AdminLevel  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  admin                          A      H         -          
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total 1 user(s)
#配置验证方使用的用户名和密码，用户名为myoffice-chap,密码为12345678
#用户名和密码储存在本地
[RT-BJ-aaa]local-user myoffice-chap password cipher 12345678
Info: Add a new user.
[RT-BJ-aaa]local-user myoffice-chap service-type ppp
#显示当前本地用户
[RT-BJ-aaa]display local-user
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  User-name                      State  AuthMask  AdminLevel  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  admin                          A      H         -          
  myoffice-chap                  A      P         -          
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total 2 user(s)
[RT-BJ-aaa]qu
#关闭串口，再重新打开，使链路重新协商
[RT-BJ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 13 2023 10:23:31-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[0]:On the interface S
erial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Dow
n. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:31-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:31-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:31-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[3]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-BJ]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:39-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[4]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-BJ]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/PEERNOCHAP(l)[5]:On the interface Ser
ial4/0/0, authentication failed and PPP link was closed because CHAP was disable
d on the peer. 
[RT-BJ]
Sep 13 2023 10:23:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/RESULTERR(l)[6]:On the interface Seri
al4/0/0, LCP negotiation failed because the result cannot be accepted. 

[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : DOWN
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP closed
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-13 10:23:39 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-13 10:23:31 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 10:26:24-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 234 packets, 7564 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0


Sep 13 2023 10:26:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/PEERNOCHAP(l)[17]:On the interface Se
rial4/0/0, authentication failed and PPP link was closed because CHAP was disabl
ed on the peer. 
Sep 13 2023 10:26:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/RESULTERR(l)[18]:On the interface Ser
ial4/0/0, LCP negotiation failed because the result cannot be accepted.

在使用 CHAP（Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol）进行身份验证时，要实现双向认证，即客户端和服务器之间都需要相互配置 CHAP。所以现在两端是互ping不通的

[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]ping 192.168.90.3
  PING 192.168.90.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
Sep 13 2023 10:27:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/PEERNOCHAP(l)[21]:On the interface Se
rial4/0/0, authentication failed and PPP link was closed because CHAP was disabl
ed on the peer. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:27:42-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/RESULTERR(l)[22]:On the interface Ser
ial4/0/0, LCP negotiation failed because the result cannot be accepted. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

<RT-SZ>ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss

现在将RT-SZ也配置为CHAP被验证方

[RT-SZ]interface Serial 4/0/0
#配置本端被对端验证时，本端发送的用户名和密码、
#用户名和密码需与验证方一致
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ppp chap user myoffice-chap
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ppp chap password cipher 12345678
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 13 2023 10:34:21-08:00 RT-SZ %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[12]:On the interface 
Serial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Do
wn. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:34:21-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[15]:Interface Serial4/0
/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : Administratively DOWN
Line protocol current state : DOWN
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP initial
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-13 10:23:38 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-13 10:34:21 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 10:34:43-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 5 bytes/sec 40 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 294 packets, 9875 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

 重新打开串口Serial 4/0/0 ，使链路重新协商

[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-SZ]
Sep 13 2023 10:38:21-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[16]:Interface Serial4/0
/0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-SZ]
Sep 13 2023 10:38:23-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[17]:The line protocol
 PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ]
Sep 13 2023 10:38:23-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[18]:The line protocol
 PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[RT-SZ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-13 10:38:23 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.3/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-13 10:38:21 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-13 10:34:21 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 10:39:14-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 1 bytes/sec 8 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 311 packets, 10482 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0
  ---- More ----

现在两端可以互ping

[RT-SZ]ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=100 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/36/100 ms


<RT-BJ>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[RT-BJ]ping 192.168.90.3
  PING 192.168.90.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/24/30 ms

 现在进行数据抓包

先关闭路由器的串口Serial 4/0/0，再重新打开 该串口，使链路重新协商

chap抓到的需要注意的包

  1. Challenge 报文：服务器向客户端发送 Challenge 报文，其中包含一个随机数作为挑战。客户端需要使用自己的密码和该挑战进行计算，生成响应报文。

  2. Response 报文：客户端收到 Challenge 报文后，使用自己的密码和挑战进行计算，生成 Response 报文。该报文包括了客户端的身份信息以及一个通过 HMAC（Hash-based Message Authentication Code）算法计算的消息摘要值。

  3. Success 报文：服务器接收到客户端发送的 Response 报文后，使用相同的算法和密码对挑战进行计算，并将结果与客户端发送的消息摘要进行比对。如果两者一致，服务器会发送 Success 报文给客户端，表示认证成功。

  4. Failure 报文：如果在认证过程中出现错误或认证失败，服务器会发送 Failure 报文，通知客户端认证失败。

多耐心等会儿

注：如果抓不到包可能的原因

  1. 未启用 CHAP：确保在链路重新协商之前已正确启用了 CHAP。双方必须都配置了 CHAP，并且在链路建立之前进行了正确的身份验证设置。

  2. 认证失败：如果链路重新协商后仍无法捕获到 CHAP 报文，可能是因为认证过程中出现了错误或认证失败。这可能是由于密码不正确、身份信息不匹配等原因导致的。需要确认配置信息是否正确，并检查认证失败的原因。

  3. 数据包丢失：有时，在网络中的某些节点或设备上，数据包可能会丢失或被屏蔽，从而导致无法捕获到特殊的 CHAP 报文。可能需要通过调试和排除法来确定是否存在数据包丢失的情况。

  4. 加密和隧道技术：如果 CHAP 通信是通过加密的隧道或虚拟专用网络（VPN）进行的，Wireshark 在抓取数据包时可能无法读取加密的内容。在这种情况下，Wireshark 可能无法直接解密和显示 CHAP 报文。

4.IP地址的协商

ip address ppp-negotiate

  1. PPP 协商地址：在 PPP 连接建立过程中，双方之间的 PPP 协议会协商分配 IP 地址。如果启用了 "ip address ppp-negotiate" 命令，在 PPP 连接建立时，设备将发送请求来获取可用的 IP 地址。

  2. 动态 IP 地址分配：一旦 PPP 连接成功并且对方设备同意提供 IP 地址，本地设备将被分配一个动态 IP 地址。这个地址通常由对端设备或服务器分配，并且每次建立 PPP 连接时都可能有所不同。

 在完成路由器PPP，CHAP的配置基础上

（1）配置路由器RT-BJ

<RT-BJ>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
#创建全局地址池，用于为被验证方分配地址
[RT-BJ]ip pool 1
#配置全局地址池下可分配的网段地址
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[RT-BJ-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.90.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[RT-BJ-ip-pool-1]qu
#配置串口Serial 4/0/0，为被验证方从指定地址池分配ip地址
[RT-BJ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]remote add pool 1
#也可以为被验证方分配ip地址
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]remote add 192.168.90.8
#关闭串口再重新打开，使得链路重新协商
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 13 2023 10:52:36-08:00 RT-BJ %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[0]:On the interface S
erial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Dow
n. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:36-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:36-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:36-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[3]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:45-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[4]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-BJ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-BJ]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:47-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[5]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-BJ]
Sep 13 2023 10:52:47-08:00 RT-BJ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[6]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
#查看串口状态
[RT-BJ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-13 10:52:47 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 192.168.90.2/24
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-13 10:52:45 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-13 10:52:36 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 10:53:02-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 508 packets, 17441 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0

[RT-BJ]

  Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

  Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

（2）配置路由器RT-SZ

<RT-SZ>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
#配置串口Serial 4/0/0通过地址协商从验证方分配ip地址
[RT-SZ]interface Serial 4/0/0
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]ip add ppp-negotiate
Sep 13 2023 11:07:22-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]qu
[RT-SZ]display 
Sep 13 2023 11:07:28-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ]display interface Serial 4/0/0
Serial4/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2023-09-13 11:07:28 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial4/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is negotiated, 192.168.90.8/32
Link layer protocol is PPP
LCP opened, IPCP opened
Last physical up time   : 2023-09-13 10:52:44 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2023-09-13 10:52:42 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2023-09-13 11:07:36-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 6 bytes/sec 48 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 2 bytes/sec 16 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

Input: 669 packets, 22804 bytes
  Broadcast:              0,  Multicast:              0
  Errors:                 0,  Runts:                  0
  Giants:                 0,  CRC:                    0

  Alignments:             0,  Overruns:               0
  Dribbles:               0,  Aborts:                 0
  No Buffers:             0,  Frame Error:            0
  ---- More ----

[RT-SZ]interface serial 4/0/0
#关闭串口再重新打开，使链路重新协商
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]shutdown
Sep 13 2023 11:10:08-08:00 RT-SZ %%01PPP/4/PHYSICALDOWN(l)[2]:On the interface S
erial4/0/0, PPP link was closed because the status of the physical layer was Dow
n. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:08-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:08-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the DOWN state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:08-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[5]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into DOWN state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]undo shutdown
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:13-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[6]:Interface Serial4/0/
0 has turned into UP state.
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:13-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[7]:The line protocol 
PPP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]
Sep 13 2023 11:10:13-08:00 RT-SZ %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[8]:The line protocol 
PPP IPCP on the interface Serial4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[RT-SZ-Serial4/0/0]qu

（3）两端互ping

[RT-SZ]ping 192.168.90.2
  PING 192.168.90.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.90.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/24/30 ms


[RT-BJ]ping 192.168.90.8
  PING 192.168.90.8: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.90.8: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.8: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.8: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.8: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.90.8: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 192.168.90.8 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/40 ms

（4）数据抓包

在PPP建立连接后，通过LCP（Link Control Protocol）完成链路的建立和配置。随后，双方会使用NCP（网络控制协议）来为对端分配IP地址，具体工作流程如下：

当PPP连接建立后，通信节点会通过发送IPCP报文来交换协商信息，并最终决定分配给本地设备的IP地址。 

  1. 协商阶段：双方节点交互发送IPCP报文，包含各自的IP地址请求和IP配置选项。可以使用"Configure-Request"、"Configure-Ack"等消息类型进行交流。

  2. 协商参数：双方节点根据接收到的IPCP报文，协商并确定IP地址、网络掩码、默认网关等参数。

  3. IP地址分配：根据协商结果，对端会向本地设备分配一个有效的IP地址。

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