mysql基础操作和命令

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 15:26:08 发布

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文章标签： mysql 数据库服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_72900594/article/details/126152753

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#mysql
###mysql工具使用
//语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
//常用的OPTIONS：
-uUSERNAME //指定用户名，默认为root
-hHOST //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
-pPASSWORD //指定用户的密码
-P# //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
-V //查看当前使用的mysql版本

   
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.38, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

-e //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本

   
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pzhan123! -e 'show databases'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
[root@localhost ~]#

服务器监听的两种socket地址

socket类型	说明
ip socket	默认监听在tcp的3306端口，支持远程通信
unix sock	监听在sock文件上（/tmp/mysql.sock，/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock）仅支持本地通信,server地址只能是：localhost，127.0.0.1
###mysql数据库操作
DDL操作
数据库操作
//创建数据库
//语法：CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] ‘DB_NAME’;
//创建数据库zhan

mysql> create database zhan;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zhan               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//删除数据库
//语法：DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] ‘DB_NAME’;
//删除数据库

mysql> drop database zhan;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

表操作
//创建表
//语法：CREATE TABLE table_name (col1 datatype 修饰符,col2 datatype 修饰符) ENGINE=‘存储引擎类型’;
//在数据库zhan里创建表zlh

mysql> use zhan;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table zlh (id int not null,name varchar(100) not null,age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
//查看当前数据库有哪些表
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_zhan |
+----------------+
| zlh            |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//删除表
//语法：DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] ‘table_name’;
//删除表zhan

mysql> drop table zlh;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

用户操作
mysql用户帐号由两部分组成，如’USERNAME’@‘HOST’，表示此USERNAME只能从此HOST上远程登录

这里（‘USERNAME’@‘HOST’）的HOST用于限制此用户可通过哪些主机远程连接mysql程序，其值可为：

IP地址，如：172.16.12.129
通配符
%：匹配任意长度的任意字符，常用于设置允许从任何主机登录
_：匹配任意单个字符
//数据库用户创建
//语法：CREATE USER ‘username’@‘host’ [IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’];
//创建数据库用户shushao

//创建数据库用户shushao
mysql> CREATE USER 'shushao'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//使用新创建的用户和密码登录

mysql> CREATE USER 'shushao'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

//使用新创建的用户和密码登录

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -ushushao -pshushao1234561 -h127.0.0.1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

//删除数据库用户
//语法：DROP USER ‘username’@‘host’;

mysql> DROP USER 'shushao'@'127.0.0.1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#####4.1.4 查看命令SHOW

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;    //查看支持的所有字符集
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW ENGINES;      //查看当前数据库支持的所有存储引擎
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;       			 //查看数据库信息
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| shushaoa           |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM shushaoa;         //不进入某数据库而列出其包含的所有表
mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM shushaoa;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

//查看某表的创建命令
//语法：SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE shushaoa.shushao;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table    | Create Table                                                                                                                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| wangqing | CREATE TABLE `wangqing` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看某表的状态
//语法：SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE ‘table_name’\G

mysql> shushaoa;      //进入数据库shushaoa
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'shushao'\G      //查看wangqing表的状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: wangqing
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2018-08-13 00:53:21
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options:
        Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

###4.2 DML操作
DML操作包括增(INSERT)、删(DELETE)、改(UPDATE)、查(SELECT)，均属针对表的操作。

####4.2.1 INSERT语句
//DML操作之增操作insert
//语法：INSERT [INTO] table_name [(column_name,…)] {VALUES | VALUE} (value1,…),(…),…

mysql> use shushaoa;
Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO shushao (id,name,age) VALUE (1,'tom',20);       //一次插入一条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> INSERT INTO wangqing (id,name,age) VALUES (2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',NULL);     //一次插入多条记录
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

####4.2.2 SELECT语句
字段column表示法

表示符	代表什么？
*	所有字段
as	字段别名，如col1 AS alias1当表名很长时用别名代替
条件判断语句WHERE
操作类型	常用操作符
:--------	--------
操作符	>，<，>=，<=，=，!=BETWEEN column# AND column#LIKE：模糊匹配RLIKE：基于正则表达式进行模式匹配IS NOTNULL：非空IS NULL：空
条件逻辑操作	AND,OR,NOT
ORDER BY：排序，默认为升序（ASC）
ORDER BY语句	意义
:--------	--------
ORDER BY ‘column_name’	根据column_name进行升序排序
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ DESC	根据column_name进行降序排序
ORDER BY ’column_name’ LIMIT 2	根据column_name进行升序排序并只取前2个结果
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ LIMIT 1,2	根据column_name进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果
//DML操作之查操作select
//语法：SELECT column1,column2,… FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY ‘column_name’ [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> use shushaoa;
Database changed
mysql> select * from shushao;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select name from zlh;
+-----------+
| name      |
+-----------+
| tom       |
| jerry     |
| wangqing  |
| sean      |
| zhangshan |
| zhangshan |
| lisi      |
+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao order by age;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>  select * from shushao order  by age desc;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao order by age limit 2;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi | NULL |
|  1 | tom  |   20 |
+----+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao order by age limit 1,2;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao where age >= 25;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  3 | zlh       |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#####4.2.3 update语句
//DML操作之改操作update
//语法：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1[,column2 = new_value2,…] [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY ‘column_name’ [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from shushao;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update shushao set age = 30 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from wangqing where name = 'lisi';
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi |   30 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#####4.2.4 delete语句
//DML操作之删操作delete
//语法：DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY ‘column_name’ [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from shushao;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | shushao  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      |   30 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete fromshushao where id = 7;       //删除某条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | shushao  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from shushao;        //删除整张表的内容
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from zlh;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc zlh;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#####4.2.5 truncate语句
truncate与delete的区别：

| 语句类型 |特点|
| ---- |
| delete |DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表结构，DELETE语句每次删除一行，并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项，可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据，非常占用空间|
|truncate |删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复，表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值，执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少，通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据，不能用于加入了索引视图的表|
//语法：TRUNCATE table_name;

mysql> select * from shushao;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | shushao  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate shushao;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> truncate shushao;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from shushao;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc zlh;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

####4.3 DCL操作
#####4.3.1 创建授权grant
权限类型(priv_type)

权限类型	代表什么？
ALL	所有权限
SELECT	读取内容的权限
INSERT	插入内容的权限
UPDATE	更新内容的权限
DELETE	删除内容的权限

指定要操作的对象db_name.table_name

表示方式	意义
**.	所有库的所有表
db_name	指定库的所有表
db_name.table_name	指定库的指定表

WITH GRANT OPTION：被授权的用户可将自己的权限副本转赠给其他用户，说白点就是将自己的权限完全复制给另一个用户。不建议使用。

GRANT priv_type,... ON [object_type] db_name.table_name TO ‘username'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] [WITH GRANT OPTION];


mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| shushaoa        |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//授权wangqing用户在数据库本机上登录访问所有数据库

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'shushao'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>   GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'shushao'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权shusaho用户在172.16.12.129上远程登录访问wangqingge数据库

mysql> GRANT ALL ON shushaoa.* TO 'shushao'@'172.16.12.129' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权wangqing用户在所有位置上远程登录访问wangqingge数据库

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'shushao'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'shushao1234561';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#####4.3.2 查看授权
//查看当前登录用户的授权信息

mysql> SHOW GRANTS;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查看指定用户wangqing的授权信息

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR shushao;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for shushao@%                         |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'shushao'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#####4.3.3 取消授权REVOKE
//语法：REVOKE priv_type,… ON db_name.table_name FROM ‘username’@‘host’;

mysql> REVOKE ALL ON *.* FROM 'shushao'@'172.168.237.134';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意：mysql服务进程启动时会读取mysql库中的所有授权表至内存中：

GRANT或REVOKE等执行权限操作会保存于表中，mysql的服务进程会自动重读授权表，并更新至内存中
对于不能够或不能及时重读授权表的命令，可手动让mysql的服务进程重读授权表
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

####MySQL 数据类型
MySQL中定义数据字段的类型对数据库的优化是非常重要的。MySQL支持多种类型，大致可以分为三类：数值、日期/时间和字符串(字符)类型。

####数值类型
MySQL支持所有标准SQL数值数据类型。这些类型包括严格数值数据类型(INTEGER、SMALLINT、DECIMAL和NUMERIC)，以及近似数值数据类型(FLOAT、REAL和DOUBLE PRECISION)。

####关键字INT是INTEGER的同义词，关键字DEC是DECIMAL的同义词。
BIT数据类型保存位字段值，并且支持MyISAM、MEMORY、InnoDB和BDB表。作为SQL标准的扩展，MySQL也支持整数类型TINYINT、MEDIUMINT和BIGINT。下面的表显示了需要的每个整数类型的存储和范围

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在这里插入图片描述

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1.搭建mysql服务
2.创建一个以你名字为名的数据库，并创建一张表student，该表包含三个字段（id，name，age），表结构如下：

mysql> create table student (id int not null,name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_zhan |
+----------------+
| student        |
| zlh            |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> desc student;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.29 sec)

mysql>

3.查看下该新建的表有无内容（用select语句）

mysql> insert into student (id ,name,age)values(1,'tom',20),(2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangsan',20),(7,'lisi',null),(8,'chenshuo',10),(9,'wangwu',3),(10,'qiuyi',15),(11,'qiuxiaotian',20);
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 11  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql>  select *  from student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
|  7 | lisi        | NULL |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.修改lisi的年龄为50

mysql> update student set age = 50 where name ='lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select *  from student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6.以age字段降序排序

mysql> select * from student order by age desc;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |    3 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.查询student表中年龄最小的3位同学跳过前2位

mysql> select * from student order by age limit 2,3;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.查询student表中年龄最大的4位同学

mysql>  select * from student order by age desc limit 4;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  7 | lisi      |   50 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
+----+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.查询student表中名字叫zhangshan的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan';
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10.查询student表中名字叫zhangshan且年龄大于20岁的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age >=20;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11.查询student表中年龄在23到30之间的记录

mysql> select * from student where age between 23 and 30;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.修改wangwu的年龄为100

mysql>  update student set age = 100 where name ='wangwu';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  6 | zhangsan    |   20 |
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |  100 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13.删除student中名字叫zhangshan且年龄小于等于20的记录

mysql> delete from student where name = 'zhangsan' and age <=20;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  7 | lisi        |   50 |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |  100 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)