1.yum安装
1>关闭selinux
[root@centos7 ~]#setenforce 0
[root@centos7 ~]#getenforce
[root@centos7 ~]#sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config #永久关闭
2>卸载mariadb依赖包
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb #<==查找已经安装的mariadb的包。
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs -y #<==卸载系统已经安装的mariadb依赖包。
3>下载mysql安装源
在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 或者直接执行下面命令
[root@centos7 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
[root@centos7 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
4>查看安装的mysql源
[root@centos7 opt]# rpm -ql mysql80-community-release
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo
/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
5>开始安装mysql
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install mysql-community-server -y
6>启动mysql服务,并检查启动状态
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 330
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 3267/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 3267/mysqld
7>登录测试
[root@centos7 lib]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
8>安装FAQ
如果出现安装问题:
1.看日志/var/log/mysqld.log
2.selinux问题,执行setenforce 0临时关闭看看。
3.登录不进去
[root@centos7 ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
解决办法:
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl stop mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]#rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
2.二进制安装
1>关闭seliux
[root@centos7~]#setenforce 0
[root@centos7~]#getenforce
[root@centos7~]#sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
2>卸载mariadb依赖包
[root@centos7~]#yum remove mariadb* -y #<==卸载系统已经安装的mariadb依赖包。
3>安装相关依赖包
[root@centos7~]#yum install ncurses ncurses-devel libaio-devel openssl openssl-devel wget net-tools lrzsz -y
4>关闭防火墙
[root@centos7~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@centos7~]#systemctl disable firewalld
5>开始部署
1.建立Mysql用户账号
[root@centos7 ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M #<==创建mysql用户
[root@centos7 ~]#id mysql
uid=1000(mysql) gid=1000(mysql) 组=1000(mysql)
2. 下载、解压mysql软件包,并做好软链接mysql到/usr/local
[root@centos7 ~]#cd /opt/
#下载或上传二进制mysql
[root@centos7 /opt]#tar xf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@centos7 /opt]#ln -s /opt/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7 /opt]#ls -l /usr/local/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 5月 10 16:23 /usr/local/mysql -> /opt/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
3. 创建MySQL数据目录、配置文件(/etc/my.cnf)并授权
#1)增加简易配置文件,后面在优化
[root@centos7 ~]#cat>/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3306/data
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
EOF
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/my.cnf
[root@centos7 ~]#chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf
#2)创建MySQL数据目录并授权
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir -p /data/3306/data
[root@centos7 ~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@centos7 ~]#ls -ld /data
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 18 5月 10 16:26 /data
4.配置PATH环境变量,并初始化MySQL数据库
#1) 配置PATH环境变量
[root@centos7 ~]#echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@centos7 ~]#. /etc/profile
[root@centos7 ~]#echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
#2)初始化MySQL数据库
[root@centos7 ~]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data
**注意:**
重点知识1 : 之前不同版本的初始化命令不同
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db #5.7之前
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld #5.7和8.0初始化
重点知识2: --initialize和--initialize-insecure区别
--initialize: 会生成一个12位,4种密码复杂度临时管理员密码. 第一次登陆需要修改.
--initialize-insecure:管理员密码为空.
来自8.0官方翻译:
mysql_install_db程序已从MySQL发行版中删除。数据目录初始化应通过使用 --initialize 或--initialize-insecure选项调用mysqld来执行。此外,删除了mysql_install_db使用的mysqld选项,并删除了控制mysql_install_db安装位置的选项。
5. 初始化数据库的原理及结果说明
[root@centos7 ~]#ls /data/3306/data/ -l
总用量 179640
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 5月 10 16:27 auto.cnf
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 5月 10 16:27 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 5月 10 16:27 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 5月 10 16:27 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 5月 10 16:27 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 196608 5月 10 16:27 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8585216 5月 10 16:27 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 6112 5月 10 16:27 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 5月 10 16:27 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 5月 10 16:27 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 5月 10 16:27 ib_logfile1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 5月 10 16:27 #innodb_temp
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 143 5月 10 16:27 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 28311552 5月 10 16:27 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 5月 10 16:27 performance_schema
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 5月 10 16:27 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 5月 10 16:27 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 5月 10 16:27 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 5月 10 16:27 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 28 5月 10 16:27 sys
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 5月 10 16:27 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 5月 10 16:27 undo_002
4. 配置并启动MySQL数据库
4.1设置MySQL启动脚本
[root@centos7 ~]#cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
#拷贝mysql启动脚本到启动路径
[root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]#cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
4.2启动MySQL数据库
[root@centos7 ~]#chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mysqld
#以下命令也可以启动数据库,自选
[root@centos7 ~]#service start mysqld
[root@centos7 ~]#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
4.3检查MySQL数据库是否启动
[root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 70 [::]:33060 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:3306 [::]:*
4.4 查看MySQL数据库启动结果日志
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /data/3306/data/centos7.err
4.5 登录数据库测试
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
mysql> show databases;
3.源码安装
1>下载mysql源码包
http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz
http://liquidtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mysql5.7以后,boost是必须的,建议把系统自带的boots库卸载掉,源码编译比较高的版本
[root@lamp ~]# yum -y remove boost-*
卸载系统自带的mysql
[root@lnmp ~]# yum -y remove mysql
2>安装依赖包
[root@lnmp ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ bison ncurses ncurses-devel
3>添加mysql用户和组
[root@lnmp ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@lnmp ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -r -g mysql mysql
4>创建安装目录和数据存放目录
[root@lnmp ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/
[root@lnmp ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@lnmp ~]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R
5>解压mysql包
[root@lamp ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@lamp ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost
[root@lamp ~]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost
6>检查配置参数和系统安装环境
[root@lnmp mysql-5.7.19]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/var/lib/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/lib/mysql/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.19/boost/boost_1_59_0
7>编译安装
[root@lnmp mysql-5.7.19]# make -j 8 && make -j 8 install
8>编写配置文件
[root@lnmp ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
port=3306
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_general_ci
port=3306
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld3306.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld3306.pid
log_bin=mysql3306-bin
server_id=1
##二进制日志格式STATEMENT,ROW,MIXED
binlog_format=ROW
## 最大连接数,MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384,连接数越多消耗内存越多
max_connections = 1000
## 日志过期时间,包括二进制日志(过期自动删除)
expire_logs_days = 15
## Enable Per Table Data for InnoDB to shrink ibdata1(innoDB表优化)
innodb_file_per_table = 1
#默认128M,用于存储页面缓存数据外,另外正常情况下还有大约8%的开销,主要用在每个缓存页帧的描述、adaptive hash等数据结构,适当的增加这个参数的大小,可以有效的减少 InnoDB 类型的表的磁盘 I/O
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
#默认是8MB,InnoDB在写事务日志的时候,为了提高性能,也是先将信息写入Innofb Log Buffer中,当满足innodb_flush_log_trx_commit参数所设置的相应条件(或者日志缓冲区写满)之后,才会将日志写到文件 (或者同步到磁盘)中
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#表大小写不敏感
lower_case_table_names=1
#跳过密码 安装完后屏蔽该选项
#skip-grant-tables
9>创建日志保存文件
[root@lnmp mysql-5.7.19]#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/log
[root@lnmp mysql-5.7.19]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/log -R
10>生成服务启动脚本
[root@lnmp ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lnmp ~]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld
11>配置环境
vim /etc/profile
添加下面2行 在文件的结尾
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
#使修改生效
source /etc/profile
12>初始化数据库并启动
[root@lnmp log]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --port=3306
[root@lnmp ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@lnmp data]# ls
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema sys
[root@lnmp data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
13>修改数据库密码
[root@lnmp ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
4.从官方下载
1.下载官方mysql包
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
2.安装mysql包
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
3.安装mysql
yum -y install mysql-community-server
4.启动数据库
systemctl start mysqld
5.访问数据库
grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-12-15T08:48:45.128289Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: t-eakjyui7_H
mysql -uroot -p
6.进入数据库修改密码
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqladmin -uroot -p't-eakjyui7_H' password '123456'