路由策略实验

题目：

 要求：
1.如图搭建网络拓扑，所有路由器各自创建一个环回接 口，合理规划IP地址
2.R1-R2-R3-R4-R6之间使用OSPF协议，R4-R5-R6之间使用 RIP协议
3.R1环回重发布方式引入OSPF网络
4.R4/R6上进行双点双向重发布
5.分析网络中出现路由环路的原因
6.路由优化

步骤：

1.配置ip及宣告ospf和RIP

[r1]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip  add  1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip  add  12.1.1.1  24

[r2]int  lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip  add  2.2.2.2  24
[r2-LoopBack0]int  g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add  12.1.1.2  24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  23.1.1.1  24

[r3-LoopBack0]ip  add  3.3.3.3 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add  23.1.1.2  24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int  g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  34.1.1.1 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int  g0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip  add  36.1.1.1  24

[r4-LoopBack0]ip add  4.4.4.4  24
[r4-LoopBack0]int  g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip  add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int  g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  45.1.1.1  24

[r5-LoopBack5]ip  add  5.5.5.5  24
[r5-LoopBack5]int  g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add  45.1.1.2  24
[r5]int  g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip  add  56.1.1.1  24

[r6-LoopBack0]ip  add  6.6.6.6  24
[r6-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add  56.1.1.2 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int  g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip  add  36.1.1.2  24

[r1]ospf  1  rou	
[r1]ospf  1  router-id   1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area  0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.1  0.0.0.0

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   2.2.2.2  0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   12.1.1.2  0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  23.1.1.1  0.0.0.0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   3.3.3.3  0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  23.1.1.2  0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   36.1.1.1  0.0.0.0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   34.1.1.2  0.0.0.0
[r4]rip  1
[r4-rip-1]ver  2	
[r4-rip-1]network   4.0.0.0
[r4-rip-1]network   45.0.0.0

[r5-rip-1]network   5.0.0.0
[r5-rip-1]net	
[r5-rip-1]network   45.0.0.0
[r5-rip-1]net	
[r5-rip-1]network   56.0.0.0


[r6-rip-1]network   56.0.0.0
[r6]ospf  1  router-id   6.6.6.6  
[r6-ospf-1]area  0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   6.6.6.6  0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   36.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

2.R1环回重发布方式引入OSPF网络（采用直连）

[r1]ospf  1
[r1-ospf-1]import-route   direct 

3.R4/R6上进行双点双向重发布

[r4-ospf-1]import-route   rip  1
[r4-ospf-1]q
[r4]rip  1
[r4-rip-1]import-route   ospf   1

[r6-ospf-1]import-route   rip  1
[r6-ospf-1]q
[r6]rip  1
[r6-rip-1]import-route   ospf   1

4.分析网络中出现路由环路的原因：

（1）从 r1的环回上分析形成的环路

r6上,r1的环回一个从rip过来，另外一个从r3过来，rip的优先级为100，ospf的优先级为150，优选rip那条路，形成环路
r3上，那所以r1的环回从r6到r3的总度量为1，从r1到r3总度量为2，优选从r6过来的路
形成环路

这两个根本原因是r4和R6基于rip的优先级刷新路由表选择rip的路由,
所以要改变rip的优先级选择ospf那边的路由(这里的route-policy不用做空表，改优先级不用到过滤作用)

[r6]ip  ip-prefix  a  permit   1.1.1.0   24
[r6]route-policy  aa  permit   node  10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]if-match    ip-prefix  
[r6-route-policy]apply   preference   151
[r6-route-policy]q
[r6]rip  1
[r6-rip-1]preference   route-policy    aa

[r4]ip ip-prefix a permit 1.1.1.0   24
[r4]route-policy  aa  permit    node   20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]if-match   ip-prefix   a
[r4-route-policy]apply   preference   151
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]rip 1
[r4-rip-1]preference  route-policy   aa

（2）在r3,r4,r5,r6里都出现6.6.6.0   24和6.6.6.6  32

出现这个原因是：r6到左边传的是拓扑，所以传的环回是32位，而右边传的是重发布后的环回  24位，

所以改成两边都是32位的，所以把r6的环回改为32位的主机路由

[r6-LoopBack0]ip add   6.6.6.6  32

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown 	
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo  shutdown 

5.路由优化

出现r5到整个ospf负载均衡，采用偏移列表增大cost值，

[r4]ip  ip-prefix  b   permit   6.6.6.6 32
[r4]ip ip-prefix b   permit   36.1.1.0  24
[r4]int   g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip  metricin   ip-prefix    b   2

[r6]ip ip-prefix d   permit   34.1.1.0  24
[r6]int   g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricin ip-prefix   d 2

出现r3到整个rip负载均衡，采用改类型要走的路改为类型1，优先走类型1

[r4]ip ip-prefix e permit 4.4.4.0  2
[r4]ip ip-prefix e permit 45.1.1.0 24
[r4]route-policy  ee  permit  node  10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]if-match   ip-prefix   e
[r4-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r4-route-policy]
[r4]route-policy  ee  permit    node  20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4-ospf-1]import-route  rip  route-policy   ee



[r6]ip  ip-prefix e  permit   56.1.1.0  24
[r6]route-policy  ee   permit   node  10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]if-match   ip-prefix  e
[r6-route-policy]apply   cost-type   type-1
[r6-route-policy]q
[r6]route-policy  ee  permit   node  20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r6-route-policy]q
[r6]ospf  1
[r6-ospf-1]import-route   rip   route-policy  ee