C/C++字符串转化为数字(atoi、atof、atol、atoll、stoi、stoll、stol、stof函数用法)

数字既可以用整形进行存储，还可以用字符串进行存储，所以有时候就会遇到需要字符串转化为数字的场景，本人在做算法题目的时候经常遇到，故这里是本人学习整理的笔记。

本文简述C、C++语言提供的API，虽然没必要分的很清楚(C++兼容C么)，但是做笔记按照一个分类还行需要的。

常用的转化如下：

• C：
  • atoi
  • atof
  • atol
  • atoll
• C++：
  • stoi
  • stol
  • stoll
  • stof

C中API

头文件：#include <stdlib.h>

atoi()

• 字符串转int型

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	char str[] = "123456";
	int num = atoi(str);

	printf("str = %s = num = %d\n", str, num);

	// 输出：：str = 12345 = num = 12345

	return 0;
}

• 注意，如果字符串中含有中含有一个非数字，则只会转换这个非数字前的数字，但是字符串长度不会变化。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char str1[] = "123ab";
	char str2[] = "123a5";
	int num1 = atoi(str1);
	int num2 = atoi(str2);

	printf("str1 = %s = num1 = %d, strLength: %d\n", str1, num1, strlen(str1));
	printf("str2 = %s = num2 = %d, strLength: %d\n", str2, num2, strlen(str2));
	
	// 输出：
    /*
	str1 = 123ab = num1 = 123, strLength: 5
	str2 = 123a5 = num2 = 123, strLength: 5
	*/

	return 0;
}

atof()

• 字符串转化为浮点数(double)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char str0[] = "12345";
	char str1[] = "123ab";
	char str2[] = "123a5";

	double num0 = atof(str0);
	double num1 = atof(str1);
	double num2 = atof(str2);

	printf("str0 = %s = num0 = %llf, strLength: %d\n", str0, num0, strlen(str0));
	printf("str1 = %s = num1 = %llf, strLength: %d\n", str1, num1, strlen(str1));
	printf("str2 = %s = num2 = %llf, strLength: %d\n", str2, num2, strlen(str2));
	

	/*
	* 输出：
	str0 = 12345 = num0 = 12345.000000, strLength: 5
	str1 = 123ab = num1 = 123.000000, strLength: 5
	str2 = 123a5 = num2 = 123.000000, strLength: 5
	*/

	return 0;
}

atol()

• 将字符串转化为long类型

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char str0[] = "12345";
	char str1[] = "123ab";
	char str2[] = "123a5";

	long num0 = atol(str0);
	long num1 = atol(str1);
	long num2 = atol(str2);

	printf("str0 = %s = num0 = %ld, strLength: %d\n", str0, num0, strlen(str0));
	printf("str1 = %s = num1 = %ld, strLength: %d\n", str1, num1, strlen(str1));
	printf("str2 = %s = num2 = %ld, strLength: %d\n", str2, num2, strlen(str2));
	

	/*
	* 输出：
	str0 = 12345 = num0 = 12345, strLength: 5
	str1 = 123ab = num1 = 123, strLength: 5
	str2 = 123a5 = num2 = 123, strLength: 5
	*/

	return 0;
}

atoll()

• 字符串转化为long long

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	char str0[] = "12345";
	char str1[] = "123ab";
	char str2[] = "123a5";

	long long num0 = atol(str0);
	long long num1 = atol(str1);
	long long num2 = atol(str2);

	printf("str0 = %s = num0 = %lld, strLength: %d\n", str0, num0, strlen(str0));
	printf("str1 = %s = num1 = %lld, strLength: %d\n", str1, num1, strlen(str1));
	printf("str2 = %s = num2 = %lld, strLength: %d\n", str2, num2, strlen(str2));
	

	/*
	* 输出：
	str0 = 12345 = num0 = 12345, strLength: 5
	str1 = 123ab = num1 = 123, strLength: 5
	str2 = 123a5 = num2 = 123, strLength: 5
	*/

	return 0;
}

C++中API

• 头文件：#include <string>

• C++中的API和C语言差不多，但是C++可以转化为不同的进制，具体内容可以参考：[博客](C++stoi、stol、stoll 函数用法-CSDN博客)

• 注意：这是C++11的特性，如果用g++/gcc编译器的话需要加上 -std=c++11

stoi()

• 字符串转化为int

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
	std::string str1 = "12345";
	std::string str2 = "123a6";
	std::string str3 = "123ab";

	int num1 = stoi(str1);
	int num2 = stoi(str2);
	int num3 = stoi(str3);

	std::cout << "str1: " << str1 << " num1: " << num1 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str2: " << str2 << " num2: " << num2 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str3: " << str3 << " num3: " << num3 << std::endl;

	/*
	* 输出：
	str1: 12345 num1: 12345
	str2: 123a6 num2: 123
	str3: 123ab num3: 123
	*/

	return 0;
}

stol()

• 字符串转化为long

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
	std::string str1 = "12345";
	std::string str2 = "123a6";
	std::string str3 = "123ab";

	long num1 = stol(str1);
	long num2 = stol(str2);
	long num3 = stol(str3);

	std::cout << "str1: " << str1 << " num1: " << num1 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str2: " << str2 << " num2: " << num2 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str3: " << str3 << " num3: " << num3 << std::endl;

	/*
	* 输出：
	str1: 12345 num1: 12345
	str2: 123a6 num2: 123
	str3: 123ab num3: 123
	*/

	return 0;
}

stoll()

• 字符串转化为long long

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
	std::string str1 = "12345";
	std::string str2 = "123a6";
	std::string str3 = "123ab";

	long long num1 = stoll(str1);
	long long num2 = stoll(str2);
	long long num3 = stoll(str3);

	std::cout << "str1: " << str1 << " num1: " << num1 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str2: " << str2 << " num2: " << num2 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str3: " << str3 << " num3: " << num3 << std::endl;

	/*
	* 输出：
	str1: 12345 num1: 12345
	str2: 123a6 num2: 123
	str3: 123ab num3: 123
	*/

	return 0;
}

stof()

• 字符串转化为double

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
	std::string str1 = "12345";
	std::string str2 = "123a6";
	std::string str3 = "123ab";

	double num1 = stof(str1);
	double num2 = stof(str2);
	double num3 = stof(str3);

	std::cout << "str1: " << str1 << " num1: " << num1 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str2: " << str2 << " num2: " << num2 << std::endl;
	std::cout << "str3: " << str3 << " num3: " << num3 << std::endl;

	/*
	* 输出：
	str1: 12345 num1: 12345
	str2: 123a6 num2: 123
	str3: 123ab num3: 123
	*/

	return 0;
}