目录
string常见构造
string() | 构造空的string类对象,即空指针 | string s1; |
string(const char* s) | 用c_string构造string类对象 | string s1("hello world"); |
string(const string&s) | 拷贝构造函数 | string s2(s1); |
string(size_t n,char c) | strring类对象中包含n个字符c | string s1(5,'1'); |
//构造函数
string::string(const char* str)
:_str(new char(strlen(str)+1))
,_size(strlen(str))
,_capacity(strlen(str))
{
strcpy(_str, str);
}
//析构函数
string::~string()
{
delete[]_str;
_str = nullptr;
_size = 0;
_capacity = 0;
}
//拷贝构造函数
string::string(const string& s)
{
_str = new char(s._capacity + 1);
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
string容量操作
size | 返回字符串有效字符长度 |
length | 返回字符串有效字符长度 |
capacity | 返回空间总大小 |
注:在string类中size和length是等效的;
string s1("hello world");
cout << s1.size() << endl;
cout << s1.length() << endl;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
运行结果:
reserve | 为字符串预留空间(扩容) |
resize | 将有效字符的个数为n个,多出的空间用字符c填充(扩容+尾插) |
reserve:
reserve(size_t res_arg=0):为string预留空间,不改变有效元素个数,当reserve的参数小于
string的底层空间总大小时,reserver不会改变容量大小。
string s1("hello world");
cout << s1 << endl;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
s1.reserve(100);
cout << s1 << endl;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
运行结果:
resize:
resize(size_t n) 与 resize(size_t n, char c)都是将字符串中有效字符个数改变到n个,不同的是当字
符个数增多时:resize(n)用0来填充多出的元素空间,resize(size_t n, char c)用字符c来填充多出的
元素空间。注意:resize在改变元素个数时,如果是将元素个数增多,可能会改变底层容量的大
小,如果是将元素个数减少,底层空间总大小不变。
string s1("hello world");
cout << s1 << endl;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
s1.resize(20, 'x');
cout << s1 << endl;
cout << s1.capacity() << endl;
运行结果:
string遍历操作
operator[] | 返回pos位置的字符 |
begin,end | begin获取一个字符的迭代器 + end获取最后一个字符下一个位置的迭代器 |
范围for | auto |
//operator[]
for (size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++) {
cout << s1[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//迭代器
string::iterator it = s1.begin();
while (it != s1.end()) {
cout << *it << " ";
it++;
}
cout << endl;
//返回for
for (auto e : s1) {
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
运行结果:
string对象的修改操作
push_back | 尾插一个字符 |
append | 尾插一个字符串 |
insert | 选择位置插入 |
operator+= | 在字符串后加字符串str |
string s1("hello world");
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.push_back('x');
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.append("aaaa");
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.insert(3, "X");
cout << s1 << endl;
s1.insert(1, "WWW");
cout << s1 << endl;
s1 += "QQ";
cout << s1 << endl;
运行结果:
string查找操作
find+npos | 从字符串pos位置开始往后找字符c,返回该字符在字符串中的位置 |
rfind | 从字符串pos位置开始往前找字符c,返回该字符在字符串中的位置 |
substr | 从str中pos位置开始,截取n个字符,然后将其返回 |
find:
string s1("hello world AXC AA IS da");
cout << s1 << endl;
size_t t = s1.find("o");
cout << t << endl;
t = s1.find("o",6);
cout << t << endl;
运行结果:
rfind:
string s1("hello world AXC AA IS da o");
cout << s1 << endl;
size_t t = s1.rfind("o",5);
cout << t << endl;
t = s1.rfind("o", 10);
cout << t << endl;
t = s1.rfind("o");
cout << t << endl;
运行结果:
substr:
string s1("hello world AXC AA IS da o");
cout << s1 << endl;
string s2 = s1.substr(3, 6);
cout << s2 << endl;
运行结果:
手动实现一个简单的string类:
string.h:
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>
using namespace std;
namespace bit {
class string {
public:
string(const char* str="");
~string();
const char* c_str() const;
size_t size() const;
char& operator[](size_t pos);
typedef char* iterator;
iterator begin();
iterator end();
void reserve(size_t n);
void push_back(char ch);
void append(const char* str);
string& operator+=(char ch);
string& operator+=(const char* str);
void insert(size_t pos, char ch);
void insert(size_t pos, const char* str);
void erase(size_t pos,size_t len=npos);
const static size_t npos = -1;
size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0);
size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0);
string(const string& s);
string& operator=(const string& s);
void swap(string& s);
string substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len=npos);
bool operator<(const string& s)const;
bool operator>(const string& s)const;
bool operator==(const string& s)const;
bool operator<=(const string& s)const;
bool operator>=(const string& s)const;
bool operator!=(const string& s)const;
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size;
size_t _capacity;
};
}
istream& operator >>(istream& is, string& str);
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const string& str);
string.cpp:
#include"string.h"
namespace bit {
string::string(const char* str)
:_str(new char[strlen(str)+1])
,_size(strlen(str))
,_capacity(strlen(str))
{
strcpy(_str, str);
}
string::~string() {
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
_size = 0;
_capacity = 0;
}
const char* string::c_str() const
{
return _str;
}
size_t string::size() const
{
return _size;
}
char& string::operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
string::iterator string::begin()
{
return _str;
}
string::iterator string::end()
{
return _str + _size;
}
void string::reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > _capacity) {
//扩容
char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[]_str;
_str = tmp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
void string::push_back(char ch)
{
size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2;
reserve(newcapacity);
_str[_size] = ch;
_str[_size + 1] = '\0';
++_size;
}
void string::append(const char* str)
{
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len);
}
//strcat(_str, str);
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
_size += len;
}
string& string::operator+=(char ch)
{
push_back(ch);
return *this;
}
string& string::operator+=(const char* str)
{
append(str);
return *this;
}
void string::insert(size_t pos, char ch)
{
if (_size == _capacity) {
size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2;
reserve(newcapacity);
}
//int end = _size;
//while (end >= (int)pos) {
// _str[end+1] = _str[end];
// end--;
//}
size_t end = _size+1;
while (end > pos) {
_str[end] = _str[end-1];
end--;
}
_str[pos] = ch;
++_size;
}
void string::insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity) {
reserve(_size + len);
}
int end = _size;
while (end >=(int)pos) {
_str[end+len] = _str[end];
end--;
}
memcpy(_str + pos, str, len);
_size += len;
}
void string::erase(size_t pos, size_t len)
{
if (len == npos||pos+len>=_size) {
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
else {
strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
_size -= len;
}
}
size_t string::find(char ch, size_t pos)
{
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++) {
if (_str[i] == ch)return i;
}
return npos;
}
size_t string::find(const char* str, size_t pos)
{
char*p=strstr(_str + pos, str);
return p-_str;
}
string::string(const string& s)
{
_str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(_str, s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
string& string::operator=(const string& s)
{
char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(tmp, s._str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
return* this;
}
void string::swap(string& s)
{
std::swap(_str, s._str);
std::swap(_size, s._size);
std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
}
string string::substr(size_t pos, size_t len)
{
//大于后面字符串的长度,有多少取多少;
if (len + pos > _size)
{
string s1(_str + pos);
return s1;
}
else {
string s1;
s1.reserve(len);
for (size_t i = pos; i < pos + len; i++)
{
s1 += _str[i];
}
return s1;
}
}
bool string::operator<(const string& s) const
{
return strcmp(_str, s._str)<0;
}
bool string::operator>(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this<=s);
}
bool string::operator==(const string& s) const
{
return strcmp(_str, s._str)==0;
}
bool string::operator<=(const string& s) const
{
return (*this < s || *this == s);
}
bool string::operator>=(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this<s);
}
bool string::operator!=(const string& s) const
{
return !(*this == s);
}
}
以上就是string类的内容!!