mutex locks and semaphone互斥锁和信号量

Mutex Locks

• Previous solutions are complicated and generally inaccessible to application programmers
• OS designers build software tools to solve critical section problem
• Simplest is mutex lock
  • Boolean variable indicating if lock is available or not
• Protect a critical section  by
  • First acquire() a lock
  • Then release() the lock
• Calls to acquire() and release() must be atomic
  • Usually implemented via hardware atomic instructions such as compare-and-swap.
• But this solution requires busy waiting
  • This lock therefore called a spinlock

最简单的是互斥锁

- 表示锁是否可用的布尔变量

- 通过以下方法保护关键部分

- 首先获取（）一个锁

- 然后释放锁

- 对 acquire() 和 release() 的调用必须是原子调用

- 通常通过硬件原子指令（如比较和交换）来实现。

- 但这种解决方案需要忙碌的等待

- 因此这种锁被称为自旋锁

Semaphore

• Synchronization tool that provides more sophisticated ways (than Mutex locks)  for processes to synchronize their activities.
• Semaphore S – integer variable
• Can only be accessed via two indivisible (atomic) operations
  • wait() and signal()
    • Originally called P() and V()
• Synchronization tool that provides more sophisticated ways (than Mutex locks)  for processes to synchronize their activities.
• Semaphore S – integer variable
• Can only be accessed via two indivisible (atomic) operations
  • wait() and signal()
    • Originally called P() and V()

同步工具，为进程同步其活动提供比互斥锁更复杂的方法。

- Semaphore S - 整数变量

- 只能通过两个不可分割的（原子）操作访问

- wait() 和 signal()

- 最初称为 P() 和 V()

- 同步工具，为进程同步其活动提供比互斥锁更复杂的方法。

- Semaphore S - 整数变量

- 只能通过两个不可分割的（原子）操作访问

- wait() 和 signal()

- 最初称为 P() 和 V()

• A mutex lock provides mutual exclusion by requiring that a process acquire a lock before entering a critical section and release the lock on exiting the critical section.
• Semaphores, like mutex locks, can be used to provide mutual exclusion. However, whereas a mutex lock has a binary value that indicates if the lock is available or not, a semaphore has an integer value and can therefore be used to solve a variety of synchronization problems.

互斥锁要求进程在进入临界区段前获得锁，并在退出临界区段时释放锁，从而实现互斥。

- 信号量和互斥锁一样，也可以用来提供互斥功能。不过，互锁有一个二进制值，表示锁是否可用，而代用锁则有一个整数值，因此可用于解决各种同步问题。