1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限
1 | < STRONG > < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> |
2 | < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> </ STRONG > |
2. 配置本机蓝牙模块
在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter
01 | BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); |
02 | //直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 |
03 | Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); |
04 | startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1 ); |
05 | //直接打开蓝牙 |
06 | adapter.enable(); |
07 | //关闭蓝牙 |
08 | adapter.disable(); |
09 | //打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒) |
10 | discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300 ); //设置持续时间(最多300秒)Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); |
3.搜索蓝牙设备
使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。
请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:
ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索
ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束
ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播,以便实现某些功能
01 | // 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver |
02 | private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { |
03 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { |
04 | String action = intent.getAction(); |
05 | // 发现设备 |
06 | if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { |
07 | // 从Intent中获取设备对象 |
08 | BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); |
09 | // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示 |
10 | mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); |
11 | } |
12 | } |
13 | }; |
14 | // 注册BroadcastReceiver |
15 | IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); |
16 | registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 |
4. 蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。
服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。
服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)
调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)
如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket)
01 | private class AcceptThread extends Thread { |
02 | private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; |
03 | |
04 | public AcceptThread() { |
05 | // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, |
06 | // because mmServerSocket is final |
07 | BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null ; |
08 | try { |
09 | // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code |
10 | tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); |
11 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
12 | mmServerSocket = tmp; |
13 | } |
14 | |
15 | public void run() { |
16 | BluetoothSocket socket = null ; |
17 | // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned |
18 | while ( true ) { |
19 | try { |
20 | socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); |
21 | } catch (IOException e) { |
22 | break ; |
23 | } |
24 | // If a connection was accepted |
25 | if (socket != null ) { |
26 | // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) |
27 | manageConnectedSocket(socket); |
28 | mmServerSocket.close(); |
29 | break ; |
30 | } |
31 | } |
32 | } |
33 | |
34 | /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ |
35 | public void cancel() { |
36 | try { |
37 | mmServerSocket.close(); |
38 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
39 | } |
40 | } |
通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService
调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)
调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回
注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败
01 | <STRONG> private class ConnectThread extends Thread { |
02 | private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; |
03 | private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; |
04 | |
05 | public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { |
06 | // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, |
07 | // because mmSocket is final |
08 | BluetoothSocket tmp = null ; |
09 | mmDevice = device; |
10 | |
11 | // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice |
12 | try { |
13 | // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code |
14 | tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); |
15 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
16 | mmSocket = tmp; |
17 | } |
18 | |
19 | public void run() { |
20 | // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection |
21 | mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); |
22 | |
23 | try { |
24 | // Connect the device through the socket. This will block |
25 | // until it succeeds or throws an exception |
26 | mmSocket.connect(); |
27 | } catch (IOException connectException) { |
28 | // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out |
29 | try { |
30 | mmSocket.close(); |
31 | } catch (IOException closeException) { } |
32 | return ; |
33 | } |
34 | |
35 | // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) |
36 | manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); |
37 | } |
38 | |
39 | /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ |
40 | public void cancel() { |
41 | try { |
42 | mmSocket.close(); |
43 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
44 | } |
45 | } </STRONG> |
分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream
使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作
注意:read(bytes[])方法会一直block,知道从流中读取到信息,而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block(比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下,write方法会block)
01 | <STRONG> private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { |
02 | private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; |
03 | private final InputStream mmInStream; |
04 | private final OutputStream mmOutStream; |
05 | |
06 | public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { |
07 | mmSocket = socket; |
08 | InputStream tmpIn = null ; |
09 | OutputStream tmpOut = null ; |
10 | |
11 | // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because |
12 | // member streams are final |
13 | try { |
14 | tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); |
15 | tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); |
16 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
17 | |
18 | mmInStream = tmpIn; |
19 | mmOutStream = tmpOut; |
20 | } |
21 | |
22 | public void run() { |
23 | byte [] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ]; // buffer store for the stream |
24 | int bytes; // bytes returned from read() |
25 | |
26 | // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs |
27 | while ( true ) { |
28 | try { |
29 | // Read from the InputStream |
30 | bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); |
31 | // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity |
32 | mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, - 1 , buffer) |
33 | .sendToTarget(); |
34 | } catch (IOException e) { |
35 | break ; |
36 | } |
37 | } |
38 | } |
39 | |
40 | /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ |
41 | public void write(byte[] bytes) { |
42 | try { |
43 | mmOutStream.write(bytes); |
44 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
45 | } |
46 | |
47 | /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ |
48 | public void cancel() { |
49 | try { |
50 | mmSocket.close(); |
51 | } catch (IOException e) { } |
52 | } |
53 | } </STRONG> |