angular2（一）环境搭建

关于angular2的环境搭建的帖子到处都是，但跟着一步一步操作，没几个是可以跑的起来的。
如果是老油条则不需要看这种帖子，看这种帖子都是第一次搭建，如果有错误就让新手束手无策了，至少我都花了几个小时才跑出第一个例子：这里我们不采用webpack，下节我们再用webpack结合angular2来搭建一次。
创建配置文件
Angular 项目需要以下几个配置文件：
package.json 标记本项目所需的 npm 依赖包。
tsconfig.json 定义了 TypeScript 编译器如何从项目源文件生成 JavaScript 代码。
typings.json为那些 TypeScript 编译器无法识别的库提供了额外的定义文件。
systemjs.config.js 为模块加载器提供了该到哪里查找应用模块的信息，并注册了所有必备的依赖包。
package.json 文件

{
  "name": "angular-quickstart",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "tsc && concurrently \"npm run tsc:w\" \"npm run lite\" ",
    "lite": "lite-server",
    "postinstall": "typings install",
    "tsc": "tsc",
    "tsc:w": "tsc -w",
    "typings": "typings"
  },
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/compiler": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/core": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/forms": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/http": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/router": "3.0.0",
    "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.0",
    "core-js": "^2.4.1",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.3",
    "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12",
    "systemjs": "0.19.27",
    "zone.js": "^0.6.23",
    "angular2-in-memory-web-api": "0.0.20",
    "bootstrap": "^3.3.6"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "concurrently": "^2.2.0",
    "lite-server": "^2.2.2",
    "typescript": "2.3.4",
    "typings":"^1.3.2"
  }
}

这文件是从这里写链接内容复制过来的，但本人做过修改，如果不修改的话，在npm start会报错误，这个错误都折磨了我半天，其实就是将

 "typescript": "^2.0.2",

修改成

"typescript": "2.3.4",

tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "removeComments": false,
    "noImplicitAny": false
  }
}

typings.json

{
  "globalDependencies": {
    "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759",
    "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255",
    "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046"
  }
}

systemjs.config.js 文件：

/**
 * System configuration for Angular samples
 * Adjust as necessary for your application needs.
 */
(function (global) {
  System.config({
    paths: {
      // paths serve as alias
      'npm:': 'node_modules/'
    },
    // map tells the System loader where to look for things
    map: {
      // our app is within the app folder
      app: 'app',
      // angular bundles
      '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',
      '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',
      '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',
      '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',
      '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',
      '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',
      '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',
      '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',
      // other libraries
      'rxjs':                       'npm:rxjs',
      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular2-in-memory-web-api',
    },
    // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension
    packages: {
      app: {
        main: './main.js',
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      },
      rxjs: {
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      },
      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': {
        main: './index.js',
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      }
    }
  });
})(this);

然后在 app 目录下创建 app.module.ts 文件，代码如下所示：
app.module.ts 文件：

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';

@NgModule({
  imports:      [ BrowserModule ]
})
export class AppModule { }

然后在 app 目录下创建app.component.ts 文件：

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: '<h1>我的第一个 Angular 应用</h1>'
})
export class AppComponent { }

然后在 app 目录下创建app.module.ts 文件：

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppComponent }   from './app.component';
@NgModule({
  imports:      [ BrowserModule ],
  declarations: [ AppComponent ],
  bootstrap:    [ AppComponent ]
})
export class AppModule { }

app 目录下创建 main.ts 文件，代码如下所示：

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';

const platform = platformBrowserDynamic();
platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);

跟目录下创建 index.html 文件，代码如下所示：

index.html 文件：

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Angular 2 实例 - 菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    <!-- 1. 载入库 -->
    <!-- IE 需要 polyfill -->
    <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>
    <!-- 2. 配置 SystemJS -->
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <script>
      System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });
    </script>
  </head>
  <!-- 3. 显示应用 -->
  <body>
    <my-app>Loading...</my-app>
  </body>
</html>

目录解构如下：

编译并运行应用程序
打开终端窗口，输入以下命令：

npm start

访问 http://localhost:3000/，浏览器显示结果为：