MFC GDI资源泄漏MFC GDI资源泄漏

转：MFC GDI资源泄漏MFC GDI资源泄漏

http://blog.csdn.net/xyl_nuaa/article/details/6827365

 

最近遇到这样一个问题：

曾经写的一个mfc绘图程序，实时刷新显示文件数据，其中用到了GDI资源，程序刚开始运行的时候没问题，但随着时间的蔓延，开始报错：“必须的资源无法得到”。

于是开始google，baidu，说是GDI资源泄漏的问题。

接着找到用到GDI资源的地方，主要代码如下（在OnPaint（）中）： 

CClientDC dc(this);

       CDC MemDC;

       CBitmap MemBitmap;

       MemDC.CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);   

       MemBitmap.CreateCompatibleBitmap(&dc,rect.Width(),rect.Height());  

       int nDCSave = MemDC.SaveDC();

 

       MemDC.SelectObject(&MemBitmap);

 

       CPen penYellow(PS_SOLID,1,YELLOW);

       CPen penRed(PS_SOLID,1,RED);

       CPen penRed2(PS_SOLID,2,RED);

       CPen penGreen(PS_SOLID,1,GREEN);

       CPen penBlue(PS_SOLID,1,BLUE);

       CPen penBlack(PS_SOLID,1,BLACK);

      

//     CPen *pOldPen = MemDC.SelectObject(&penYellow);

       MemDC.SelectObject(&penYellow);

。。。

//绘制操作

。。。

       //绘图完成后的清理

       MemDC.RestoreDC(nDCSave);

       MemBitmap.DeleteObject();

       MemDC.DeleteDC();

 

看来看去也没什么可疑的，该释放的我也做了释放了，关于CPen 来说，因为是CGdiObject的派生类，在析构函数中调用了DeleteObject（）函数，所以不需要显式释放，CBrush 同理。但是如果CPen这里调用的是不带参数的构造函数的话，比如 CPen PenYellow； 这样的话后面必须还要调用CreatePen等函数来对CPen进行初始化工作，此时是需要显式释放的，即手动调用PenYellow.DeleteObject();

 这里是没什么错了，那到底错在哪里呢？

将任务管理器中GDI对象打开，专门查看程序的GDI资源利用情况，发现只要程序一产生一个重绘事件（比如我拖动，拖动任务管理器窗口，放大缩小程序窗口），GDI资源就会增多。这种现象表示问题十有八九在OnPaint()函数中，但是我将程序用到的所有OnPaint（）函数都查看过了，没什么可疑的，再次排查时，突然想到OnCtrlColor函数也会在界面刷新时调用，一查看果然发现问题，OnCtrlColor里返回的画刷的句柄因为是局部变量而没有被释放，改为成员变量，作如下修改后，解决问题

if(nCtlColor == CTLCOLOR_DLG || nCtlColor == CTLCOLOR_STATIC)

       {

。。。

       //     HBRUSH B = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(78,139,169)); //背景色

//            return B;

              m_brBrush.DeleteObject();

              m_brBrush.CreateSolidBrush(RGB(78,139,169));

              return static_cast <HBRUSH> (m_brBrush.GetSafeHandle());

       }

其中注释掉的为原来的代码。

 

附：GDI资源释放表

Resource        Allocation Routine        Cleanup Routine      Cleanup Required?
================================================================================

Accelerators    LoadAccelerators          N/A                  No

Atoms           GlobalAddAtom             GlobalFreeAtom       Yes

Bitmaps         CreateBitmap              DeleteObject         Yes *
                CreateBitmapIndirect      DeleteObject         Yes *
                CreateCompatibleBitmap    DeleteObject         Yes *
                CreateDIBitmap            DeleteObject         Yes *
                CreateDiscardableBitmap   DeleteObject         Yes *
                LoadBitmap                DeleteObject         Yes *

Brushes         CreateBrushIndirect       DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateDIBPatternBrush     DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateHatchBrush          DeleteObject         Yes
                CreatePatternBrush        DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateSolidBrush          DeleteObject         Yes

Carets          CreateCaret               DestroyCaret         No  #

Clipboard       OpenClipboard             CloseClipboard       Yes

Comms Ports     OpenComm                  CloseComm            Yes

Cursor          CreateCursor              DestroyCursor        Yes
                LoadCursor                N/A                  No

DC              CreateDC                  DeleteDC             Yes
                CreateCompatibleDC        DeleteDC             Yes @
                GetDC                     ReleaseDC            Yes
                GetWindowDC               ReleaseDC            Yes
                BeginPaint                EndPaint             Yes

Dialog Box      CreateDialog              DestroyWindow        No
                CreateDialogIndirect      DestroyWindow        No
                CreateDialogIndirectParam DestroyWindow        No
                CreateDialogParam         DestroyWindow        No

File            OpenFile                  _lclose              No

Fonts           CreateFont                DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateFontIndirect        DeleteObject         Yes
                AddFontResource           RemoveFontResource   Yes

GDI Stock Obj   GetStockObject            N/A                  No  &

Hook            SetWindowsHook            UnhookWindowsHook    Yes

IC              CreateIC                  DeleteDC             Yes

Icon            CreateIcon                DestroyIcon          Yes
                LoadIcon                  N/A                  No

Library         LoadLibrary               FreeLibrary          Yes

Memory          AllocDStoCSAlias          FreeSelector         Yes
                AllocSelector             FreeSelector         Yes
                GlobalAlloc               GlobalFree           No
                GlobalDOSAlloc            GlobalDOSFr          No
                GlobalFix                 GlobalUnfix          No
                GlobalLock                GlobalUnlock         No
                GlobalPageLock            GlobalPageUnlock     No
                GlobalRealloc             GlobalFree           No
                GlobalWire                GlobalUnwire         No
                LocalAlloc                LocalFree            No
                LocalLock                 LocalUnlock          No
                LocalRealloc              LocalFree            No

Menu            CreateMenu                DestroyMenu          No  %
                CreatePopupMenu           DestroyMenu          No  %
                LoadMenu                  DestroyMenu          No  %
                LoadMenuIndirect          DestroyMenu          No  %
                GetSystemMenu             N/A                  No

MetaFile        CreateMetaFile            DeleteMetaFile       Yes

Palette         CreatePalette             DeleteObject         Yes

Pen             CreatePen                 DeleteObject         Yes
                CreatePenIndirect         DeleteObject         Yes

Regions         CreateEllipticRgn         DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateEllipticRgnIndirect DeleteObject         Yes
                CreatePolygonRgn          DeleteObject         Yes
                CreatePolyPolygonRgn      DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateRectRgn             DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateRectRgnIndirect     DeleteObject         Yes
                CreateRoundRectRgn        DeleteObject         Yes

Resource        AllocResource             FreeResource         No
                FindResource              N/A                  No
                LoadResource              FreeResource         No
                LockResource              UnlockResource       No

Sound           OpenSound                 CloseSound           Yes

String          LoadString                N/A                  No

Thunk           MakeProcInstance          FreeProcInstance     No

Timer           SetTimer                  KillTimer            No

Window          CreateWindow              DestroyWindow        No
                CreateWindowEx            DestroyWindow        No

Notes:
------
*   Bitmaps must be disconnected from a DC before being freed.
%   Menus must be freed before an application exits if the menu is not
    connected to any window.
@   A DC must be disconnected from bitmaps before being freed.
#   If a bitmap is specified for the Caret, it must be freed.
&   Calls to DeleteObject do not harm stock objects.