[javase]中函数传参数的问题。

java中函数的传递对于基本类型变量来说是传值的，对于对象类型的变量传递的是对象的值引用，但依然是值传递。

 

这与c++中的引用传递是有区别的。

在corejava第八版的第一卷119页有个很好的例子，如下

 

 

/**
 * This program demonstrates parameter passing in Java.
 * @version 1.00 2000-01-27
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ParamTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      /*
       * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters
       */
      System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
      double percent = 10;
      System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
      tripleValue(percent);
      System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);

      /*
       * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
       */
      System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
      Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
      System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
      tripleSalary(harry);
      System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());

      /*
       * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
       */
      System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
      Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
      Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
      System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
      System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
      swap(a, b);
      System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
      System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
   }

   public static void tripleValue(double x) // doesn't work
   {
      x = 3 * x;
      System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x);
   }

   public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) // works
   {
      x.raiseSalary(200);
      System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
   }

   public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y)
   {
      Employee temp = x;
      x = y;
      y = temp;
      System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
      System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
   }
}

class Employee // simplified Employee class
{
   public Employee(String n, double s)
   {
      name = n;
      salary = s;
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   private String name;
   private double salary;
}

显示的结果为

Testing tripleValue:
Before: percent=10.0
End of method: x=30.0
After: percent=10.0

Testing tripleSalary:
Before: salary=50000.0
End of method: salary=150000.0
After: salary=150000.0

Testing swap:
Before: a=Alice
Before: b=Bob
End of method: x=Bob
End of method: y=Alice
After: a=Alice
After: b=Bob

主要是中间的那一段，让以前学过c++的人很容易弄混。但看下下面的图就很容易理解了。

这里的对象的引用参数与c++用的指针变量类似，而不是与引用类似，所以依旧是值传递。

 

 

 

第二个容易把人弄晕的是String类型的对象作为参数传递。

有如下代码

public class Test {

	static String Change(String s) {
		s = "456";
		System.out.println("method:" + s);
		return s;
	}

	static StringBuilder Change(StringBuilder s) {
		s.replace(0, s.length(), "456");
		System.out.println("method:" + s);
		return s;
	}

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str = new String("123");
		String str_ref = str;
		System.out.println("before:" + str + "," + str_ref + " " + (str == str_ref));
		str_ref = Change(str_ref);
		System.out.println("atter:" + str + "," + str_ref + " " + (str == str_ref));
		
		System.out.println("**************************");
		
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder("123");
		StringBuilder s2 = s;
		System.out.println("before:" + s + "," + s2 + " " + (s == s2));
		s2 = Change(s2);
		System.out.println("atter:" + s + "," + s2 + " " + (s == s2));
	}

}

输出结果为

before:123,123 true
method:456
atter:123,456 false
**************************
before:123,123 true
method:456
atter:456,456 true

原因是String 类型的对象的值不能改变，当函数中s = "456“时s就重新指向一个新的对象。而StringBuilder类型的对象变量调用replace方法时直接修改引用的对象的值。