Dubbo入门小Demo(二)

Dubbo入门Demo

了解了Dubbo以后,自然要搭建一个简单的Demo实现。本文采用Dubbo与Zookeeper、Spring框架的整合。

主要是以下几个步骤:
1. 安装Zookeeper,启动;
2. 创建MAVEN项目,构建Dubbo+Zookeeper+Spring实现的简单Demo;
3. 安装Dubbo-admin,实现监控。

1 Zookeeper介绍与安装

下载安装包:http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.12/

具体的安装过程可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/tlk20071/article/details/52028945

安装完成后,进入到bin目录,并且启动zkServer.cmd,这个脚本中会启动一个java进程:

(注:需要先启动zookeeper后,后续dubbo demo代码运行才能使用zookeeper注册中心的功能

2,创建demo项目。具体的项目 git地址为:https://github.com/wenjieyatou/DatatablesDemo

具体分析见:

https://blog.csdn.net/noaman_wgs/article/details/70214612/

3,具体的项目结构为:

项目结构:
主要分三大模块:
dubbo-api : 存放公共接口;

dubbo-consumer : 调用远程服务;

dubbo-provider : 提供远程服务。

其中父模块的pom.xml为:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>dubbo-api</module>
        <module>dubbo-provider</module>
        <module>dubbo-consumer</module>
    </modules>
    <name>DubboDemo Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <!-- spring版本号 -->
        <spring.version>4.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>

        <!-- mybatis版本号 -->
        <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>

        <!-- mysql驱动版本号 -->
        <mysql-driver.version>5.1.29</mysql-driver.version>

        <!-- log4j日志包版本号 -->
        <slf4j.version>1.7.18</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>

    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加jstl依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax</groupId>
            <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
            <version>7.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加junit4依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <!-- 指定范围,在测试时才会加载 -->
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加spring核心依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mybatis依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mybatis/spring整合包依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加mysql驱动依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql-driver.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加数据库连接池依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.22</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加日志相关jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- log end -->
        <!-- 映入JSON -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.9</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- dubbo -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.3</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.10</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>dubbo</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

其中provider模块中pom.xml文件为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

log4j.xml配置为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/" debug="false">
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{dd/MM/yy hh:mm:ss:sss z}] %t %5p %c{2}: %m%n" />
        </layout>
    </appender>
    <root>
        <level value="INFO" />
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
    </root>
</log4j:configuration>

provider.xml配置为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <!--定义了提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系;在 dubbo-admin 或 dubbo-monitor 会显示这个名字,方便辨识-->
    <dubbo:application name="demotest-provider" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
    <!--使用 zookeeper 注册中心暴露服务,注意要先开启 zookeeper-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181"/>
    <!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
    <!--使用 dubbo 协议实现定义好的 api.PermissionService 接口-->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wenjie.dubbo.api.DemoService" ref="demoService" protocol="dubbo" />
    <!--具体实现该接口的 bean-->
    <bean id="demoService" class="com.wenjie.dubbo.provider.DemoServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
其中provider的启动函数为:
package com.wenjie.dubbo.provider;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by Gongwenjie on 2018-05-09
 */
public class Provider {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("provider.xml");
        System.out.println(context.getDisplayName() + ": here");
        context.start();
        System.out.println("服务已经启动...");
        System.in.read();
    }
}

其中provider的服务实现为:

package com.wenjie.dubbo.provider;

import com.wenjie.dubbo.api.DemoService;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Gongwenjie on 2018-05-09
 */
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
    public List<String> getPermissions(Long id) {
        List<String> demo = new ArrayList<String>();
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id - 1));
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id));
        demo.add(String.format("Permission_%d", id + 1));
        return demo;
    }
}

相对应的comsumer的pom文件为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>dubbo-consumer</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

comsumer的配置文件,主要是订阅。为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
    <dubbo:application name="demotest-consumer" owner="programmer" organization="dubbox"/>
    <!--向 zookeeper 订阅 provider 的地址,由 zookeeper 定时推送-->
    <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://localhost:2181"/>
    <!--使用 dubbo 协议调用定义好的 api.PermissionService 接口-->
    <dubbo:reference id="permissionService" interface="com.wenjie.dubbo.api.DemoService"/>
</beans>

consumer调用服务代码为:

package com.wenjie.dubbo.consumer;

import com.wenjie.dubbo.api.DemoService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Created by Gongwenjie on 2018-05-09
 */
public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //测试常规服务
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("consumer.xml");
        context.start();
        System.out.println("consumer start");
        DemoService demoService = context.getBean(DemoService.class);
        System.out.println("consumer");
        System.out.println(demoService.getPermissions(1L));
    }
}

而api模块是属于公共服务调用接口,其中pom文件为:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
        <groupId>wenjie</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <name>dubbo-api Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>dubbo-api</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

服务接口的声明为:

package com.wenjie.dubbo.api;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Gongwenjie on 2018-05-09
 */
public interface DemoService {
    List<String> getPermissions(Long id);
}

以上便是重要的点的解析。下面我们将来运行项目。先确保provider已被运行后再启动consumer模块:

provider模块都有main函数,这就是入口。先启动provider的main函数,再启动consumer即可。

服务已经启动...
consumer start
consumer
[Permission_0, Permission_1, Permission_2]

关于xml的配置:

XML 配置

有关 XML 的详细配置项,请参见:配置参考手册。如果不想使用 Spring 配置,而希望通过 API 的方式进行调用,请参见:API配置。想知道如何使用配置,请参见:快速启动

provider.xml 示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">  
    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app"  />  
    <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />  
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />  
    <dubbo:service interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoServiceLocal" />  
    <dubbo:reference id="demoServiceRemote" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService" />  
</beans>

所有标签都支持自定义参数,用于不同扩展点实现的特殊配置,如:

<dubbo:protocol name="jms">
    <dubbo:parameter key="queue" value="your_queue" />
</dubbo:protocol>

或: 1

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">  
    <dubbo:protocol name="jms" p:queue="your_queue" />  
</beans>

配置之间的关系

dubbo-config
标签用途解释
<dubbo:service/>服务配置用于暴露一个服务,定义服务的元信息,一个服务可以用多个协议暴露,一个服务也可以注册到多个注册中心
<dubbo:reference/> 2引用配置用于创建一个远程服务代理,一个引用可以指向多个注册中心
<dubbo:protocol/>协议配置用于配置提供服务的协议信息,协议由提供方指定,消费方被动接受
<dubbo:application/>应用配置用于配置当前应用信息,不管该应用是提供者还是消费者
<dubbo:module/>模块配置用于配置当前模块信息,可选
<dubbo:registry/>注册中心配置用于配置连接注册中心相关信息
<dubbo:monitor/>监控中心配置用于配置连接监控中心相关信息,可选
<dubbo:provider/>提供方配置当 ProtocolConfig 和 ServiceConfig 某属性没有配置时,采用此缺省值,可选
<dubbo:consumer/>消费方配置当 ReferenceConfig 某属性没有配置时,采用此缺省值,可选
<dubbo:method/>方法配置用于 ServiceConfig 和 ReferenceConfig 指定方法级的配置信息
<dubbo:argument/>参数配置用于指定方法参数配置

配置覆盖关系

以 timeout 为例,显示了配置的查找顺序,其它 retries, loadbalance, actives 等类似:

  • 方法级优先,接口级次之,全局配置再次之。
  • 如果级别一样,则消费方优先,提供方次之。

其中,服务提供方配置,通过 URL 经由注册中心传递给消费方。

dubbo-config-override

建议由服务提供方设置超时,因为一个方法需要执行多长时间,服务提供方更清楚,如果一个消费方同时引用多个服务,就不需要关心每个服务的超时设置。

理论上 ReferenceConfig 的非服务标识配置,在 ConsumerConfig,ServiceConfig, ProviderConfig 均可以缺省配置。

1. 2.1.0 开始支持,注意声明: xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
2. 引用缺省是延迟初始化的,只有引用被注入到其它 Bean,或被 getBean() 获取,才会初始化。如果需要饥饿加载,即没有人引用也立即生成动态代理,可以配置: <dubbo:reference ... init="true" />

以上是基于配置文件的配置,下面代码是基于api的编程式配置:

服务提供者:

import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.RegistryConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ProviderConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ServiceConfig;
import com.xxx.XxxService;
import com.xxx.XxxServiceImpl;

// 服务实现
XxxService xxxService = new XxxServiceImpl();

// 当前应用配置
ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
application.setName("xxx");

// 连接注册中心配置
RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
registry.setAddress("10.20.130.230:9090");
registry.setUsername("aaa");
registry.setPassword("bbb");

// 服务提供者协议配置
ProtocolConfig protocol = new ProtocolConfig();
protocol.setName("dubbo");
protocol.setPort(12345);
protocol.setThreads(200);

// 注意:ServiceConfig为重对象,内部封装了与注册中心的连接,以及开启服务端口

// 服务提供者暴露服务配置
ServiceConfig<XxxService> service = new ServiceConfig<XxxService>(); // 此实例很重,封装了与注册中心的连接,请自行缓存,否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
service.setApplication(application);
service.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
service.setProtocol(protocol); // 多个协议可以用setProtocols()
service.setInterface(XxxService.class);
service.setRef(xxxService);
service.setVersion("1.0.0");

// 暴露及注册服务
service.export();

服务消费者:

import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ApplicationConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.RegistryConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ConsumerConfig;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.config.ReferenceConfig;
import com.xxx.XxxService;

// 当前应用配置
ApplicationConfig application = new ApplicationConfig();
application.setName("yyy");

// 连接注册中心配置
RegistryConfig registry = new RegistryConfig();
registry.setAddress("10.20.130.230:9090");
registry.setUsername("aaa");
registry.setPassword("bbb");

// 注意:ReferenceConfig为重对象,内部封装了与注册中心的连接,以及与服务提供方的连接

// 引用远程服务
ReferenceConfig<XxxService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<XxxService>(); // 此实例很重,封装了与注册中心的连接以及与提供者的连接,请自行缓存,否则可能造成内存和连接泄漏
reference.setApplication(application);
reference.setRegistry(registry); // 多个注册中心可以用setRegistries()
reference.setInterface(XxxService.class);
reference.setVersion("1.0.0");

// 和本地bean一样使用xxxService
XxxService xxxService = reference.get(); // 注意:此代理对象内部封装了所有通讯细节,对象较重,请缓存复用

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