vue3 版本 3.2.45
1.Vue3
的源码:github.com/vuejs/core
2.找到package.json ,找到"build": "node scripts/build.js"
/*
Produces production builds and stitches together d.ts files.
To specify the package to build, simply pass its name and the desired build
formats to output (defaults to `buildOptions.formats` specified in that package,
or "esm,cjs"):
```
# name supports fuzzy match. will build all packages with name containing "dom":
nr build dom
# specify the format to output
nr build core --formats cjs
```
*/
const fs = require('fs-extra')
const path = require('path')
const chalk = require('chalk')
const execa = require('execa')
const { gzipSync } = require('zlib')
const { compress } = require('brotli')
const { targets: allTargets, fuzzyMatchTarget } = require('./utils')
const args = require('minimist')(process.argv.slice(2))
console.log(args)
const targets = args._
const formats = args.formats || args.f
console.log(formats)
const devOnly = args.devOnly || args.d
const prodOnly = !devOnly && (args.prodOnly || args.p)
const sourceMap = args.sourcemap || args.s
const isRelease = args.release
const buildTypes = args.t || args.types || isRelease
const buildAllMatching = args.all || args.a
const commit = execa.sync('git', ['rev-parse', 'HEAD']).stdout.slice(0, 7)
run()
async function run() {
if (isRelease) {
// remove build cache for release builds to avoid outdated enum values
await fs.remove(path.resolve(__dirname, '../node_modules/.rts2_cache'))
}
if (!targets.length) {
await buildAll(allTargets)
checkAllSizes(allTargets)
} else {
await buildAll(fuzzyMatchTarget(targets, buildAllMatching))
checkAllSizes(fuzzyMatchTarget(targets, buildAllMatching))
}
}
async function buildAll(targets) {
await runParallel(require('os').cpus().length, targets, build)
}
async function runParallel(maxConcurrency, source, iteratorFn) {
const ret = []
const executing = []
for (const item of source) {
// 通过Promise.resolve()创建一个微任务的异步函数,然后将build函数放入then中等待执行;
const p = Promise.resolve().then(() => iteratorFn(item, source))
ret.push(p)
if (maxConcurrency <= source.length) {
// 对异步函数进行包装,包装的目的是在异步函数执行完毕后,将这个异步函数从 executing 数组中移除
const e = p.then(() => executing.splice(executing.indexOf(e), 1))
// 将包装后的异步函数放入 executing 数组中
executing.push(e)
// 如果达到最大并发数,那么就等待一个异步函数执行完毕,然后再执行下一个异步函数
if (executing.length >= maxConcurrency) {
await Promise.race(executing)
}
}
}
return Promise.all(ret)
}
async function build(target) {
// 获取当前构建的包的路径
const pkgDir = path.resolve(`packages/${target}`)
// 获取当前构建的包的 package.json
const pkg = require(`${pkgDir}/package.json`)
//忽略全量构建的私有包
// if this is a full build (no specific targets), ignore private packages
if ((isRelease || !targets.length) && pkg.private) {
return
}
// if building a specific format, do not remove dist.
// 如果是构建指定的格式,那么就不要删除 dist 目录
if (!formats) {
await fs.remove(`${pkgDir}/dist`)
}
// 构建目标生成的环境变量 production
const env =
(pkg.buildOptions && pkg.buildOptions.env) ||
(devOnly ? 'development' : 'production')
// 执行 rollup 构建,使用npm run build命令的时候,没有传递任何参数,所以formats、buildTypes、prodOnly、sourceMap都是undefined
await execa(
'rollup',
[
'-c',
'--environment',
[
`COMMIT:${commit}`,
`NODE_ENV:${env}`,
`TARGET:${target}`,
formats ? `FORMATS:${formats}` : ``,
buildTypes ? `TYPES:true` : ``,
prodOnly ? `PROD_ONLY:true` : ``,
sourceMap ? `SOURCE_MAP:true` : ``
]
.filter(Boolean)
.join(',')
],
{ stdio: 'inherit' }
)
if (buildTypes && pkg.types) {
console.log()
console.log(
chalk.bold(chalk.yellow(`Rolling up type definitions for ${target}...`))
)
// build types
const { Extractor, ExtractorConfig } = require('@microsoft/api-extractor')
const extractorConfigPath = path.resolve(pkgDir, `api-extractor.json`)
const extractorConfig =
ExtractorConfig.loadFileAndPrepare(extractorConfigPath)
const extractorResult = Extractor.invoke(extractorConfig, {
localBuild: true,
showVerboseMessages: true
})
if (extractorResult.succeeded) {
// concat additional d.ts to rolled-up dts
const typesDir = path.resolve(pkgDir, 'types')
if (await fs.exists(typesDir)) {
const dtsPath = path.resolve(pkgDir, pkg.types)
const existing = await fs.readFile(dtsPath, 'utf-8')
const typeFiles = await fs.readdir(typesDir)
const toAdd = await Promise.all(
typeFiles.map(file => {
return fs.readFile(path.resolve(typesDir, file), 'utf-8')
})
)
await fs.writeFile(dtsPath, existing + '\n' + toAdd.join('\n'))
}
console.log(
chalk.bold(chalk.green(`API Extractor completed successfully.`))
)
} else {
console.error(
`API Extractor completed with ${extractorResult.errorCount} errors` +
` and ${extractorResult.warningCount} warnings`
)
process.exitCode = 1
}
await fs.remove(`${pkgDir}/dist/packages`)
}
}
function checkAllSizes(targets) {
if (devOnly || (formats && !formats.includes('global'))) {
return
}
console.log()
for (const target of targets) {
checkSize(target)
}
console.log()
}
function checkSize(target) {
const pkgDir = path.resolve(`packages/${target}`)
checkFileSize(`${pkgDir}/dist/${target}.global.prod.js`)
if (!formats || formats.includes('global-runtime')) {
checkFileSize(`${pkgDir}/dist/${target}.runtime.global.prod.js`)
}
}
function checkFileSize(filePath) {
if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
return
}
const file = fs.readFileSync(filePath)
const minSize = (file.length / 1024).toFixed(2) + 'kb'
const gzipped = gzipSync(file)
const gzippedSize = (gzipped.length / 1024).toFixed(2) + 'kb'
const compressed = compress(file)
const compressedSize = (compressed.length / 1024).toFixed(2) + 'kb'
console.log(
`${chalk.gray(
chalk.bold(path.basename(filePath))
)} min:${minSize} / gzip:${gzippedSize} / brotli:${compressedSize}`
)
}
可以看到这里是直接执行的run
函数,这个函数的代码如下:
run()
async function run() {
if (isRelease) {
// remove build cache for release builds to avoid outdated enum values
await fs.remove(path.resolve(__dirname, '../node_modules/.rts2_cache'))
}
if (!targets.length) {
await buildAll(allTargets)
checkAllSizes(allTargets)
} else {
await buildAll(fuzzyMatchTarget(targets, buildAllMatching))
checkAllSizes(fuzzyMatchTarget(targets, buildAllMatching))
}
}
这里有两个判断,使用了定义的全局变量,一个是isRelease
,一个是targets
,先来看一下这两个变量是怎么获取的。
const args = require('minimist')(process.argv.slice(2))
const targets = args._
const isRelease = args.release
minimist
是一个解析命令行参数的包,可以将命令行参数解析成一个对象
process.argv :[
'E:\\node\\node.exe',
'D:\\study2022\\core-3.2.45\\scripts\\build.js'
]
args:{ _: [] },isRelease:undefined ,targets.length=0
走 await buildAll(allTargets)
const { targets: allTargets, fuzzyMatchTarget } = require('./utils')
require('./utils') :
const fs = require('fs')
const chalk = require('chalk')
//fs.readdirSync来读取packages文件夹下的文件,然后通过filter过滤
const targets = (exports.targets = fs.readdirSync('packages').filter(f => {
// 过滤不是文件夹的文件
if (!fs.statSync(`packages/${f}`).isDirectory()) {
return false
}
// 再拿到这个文件夹中的package.json文件
const pkg = require(`../packages/${f}/package.json`)
// 通过package.json文件中的private和buildOptions来判断是否是
//一个需要打包的文件夹,如果是的话,就将这个文件夹的名字添加到targets数组中;
if (pkg.private && !pkg.buildOptions) {
return false
}
return true
}))
exports.fuzzyMatchTarget = (partialTargets, includeAllMatching) => {
const matched = []
partialTargets.forEach(partialTarget => {
for (const target of targets) {
if (target.match(partialTarget)) {
matched.push(target)
if (!includeAllMatching) {
break
}
}
}
})
if (matched.length) {
return matched
} else {
console.log()
console.error(
` ${chalk.bgRed.white(' ERROR ')} ${chalk.red(
`Target ${chalk.underline(partialTargets)} not found!`
)}`
)
console.log()
process.exit(1)
}
}
fs.readdirSync()方法用于同步读取给定目录的内容。该方法返回一个数组,其中包含目录中的所有文件名或对象。 options参数可用于更改从方法返回文件的格式。
用法:fs.readdirSync( path, options )
fs.statSync(fullPath).isDirectory()
来判断是否是文件目录
async function buildAll(targets) {
await runParallel(require('os').cpus().length, targets, build)
}
require('os').cpus().length :获取当前电脑的 CPU 线程数
async function runParallel(maxConcurrency, source, iteratorFn) {
const ret = []
const executing = []
for (const item of source) {
// 通过Promise.resolve()创建一个微任务的异步函数,然后将build函数放入then中等待执行;
const p = Promise.resolve().then(() => iteratorFn(item, source))
ret.push(p)
if (maxConcurrency <= source.length) {
// 对异步函数进行包装,包装的目的是在异步函数执行完毕后,将这个异步函数从 executing 数组中移除
const e = p.then(() => executing.splice(executing.indexOf(e), 1))
// 将包装后的异步函数放入 executing 数组中
executing.push(e)
// 如果达到最大并发数,那么就等待一个异步函数执行完毕,然后再执行下一个异步函数
if (executing.length >= maxConcurrency) {
await Promise.race(executing)
}
}
}
return Promise.all(ret)
}
Promise.race
的特性就是只要有一个异步函数执行完毕,那么Promise.race
就会有执行结果;
而在这些异步函数执行完毕后,会将这些异步函数从executing
数组中移除,这样就会空出一个位置,通过检测executing
数组的长度,就可以知道是否达到了最大并发数,这样就可以保持最大并发数的异步函数在执行;
而这个代码的最后还是会调用一次Promise.all
,这是因为Promise.race
只能保证最先执行完毕的异步函数执行完毕,但是并不能保证所有的异步函数都执行完毕,所以这里还是需要调用一次Promise.all
来保证所有的异步函数都执行完毕;
async function build(target) {
// 获取当前构建的包的路径
const pkgDir = path.resolve(`packages/${target}`)
// 获取当前构建的包的 package.json
const pkg = require(`${pkgDir}/package.json`)
// if this is a full build (no specific targets), ignore private packages
// 如果是全量构建,那么就忽略私有包
if ((isRelease || !targets.length) && pkg.private) {
return
}
// if building a specific format, do not remove dist.
// 如果是构建指定的格式,那么就不要删除 dist 目录
if (!formats) {
await fs.remove(`${pkgDir}/dist`)
}
// 构建目标生成的环境变量
const env = (pkg.buildOptions && pkg.buildOptions.env) || (devOnly ? 'development' : 'production')
// 执行 rollup 构建
await execa(
'rollup',
[
'-c',
'--environment',
[
`COMMIT:${commit}`,
`NODE_ENV:${env}`,
`TARGET:${target}`,
formats ? `FORMATS:${formats}` : ``,
buildTypes ? `TYPES:true` : ``,
prodOnly ? `PROD_ONLY:true` : ``,
sourceMap ? `SOURCE_MAP:true` : ``
]
.filter(Boolean)
.join(',')
], {
stdio: 'inherit'
}
)
// if 里面的代码不会执行,因为执行 npm run build 的时候没有任何参数,所以下面的代码省略
if (buildTypes && pkg.types) {
// 这里主要是建构建类型声明文件
}
}
这里的rollup
命令是通过execa
来执行的,execa
是一个可以执行命令的库;
这里的execa
的第一个参数就是要执行的命令;
第二个参数就是要传递给命令的参数;
第三个参数就是execa
的配置,这里的stdio
配置就是让execa
的输出和rollup
的输出保持一致;
使用npm run build命令的时候,没有传递任何参数,所以formats、buildTypes、prodOnly、sourceMap都是undefined
rollup -c --environment COMMIT:01c4323,NODE_ENV:production,TARGET:compiler-core
子包package.json:
"buildOptions": {
"name": "heartImUtil",
"compat": true, // 用于特定vue-compat包
"formats": [ // 输出的文件类型, 查看rollup.config.js 中对应outputConfigs的类型
"esm-bundler",
"esm-bundler-runtime",
"cjs",
"global",
"global-runtime",
"esm-browser",
"esm-browser-runtime",
],
"env": "development", // 指定当前环境
"prod": false, // process.env.NODE_ENV 为 production 时prod = false ,直接跳过打包
"enableNonBrowserBranches": true // true用于node端, false 用于node端
},
rollup.config.js 配置
// @ts-check
import path from 'path'
import ts from 'rollup-plugin-typescript2'
import replace from '@rollup/plugin-replace'
import json from '@rollup/plugin-json'
if (!process.env.TARGET) {
throw new Error('TARGET package must be specified via --environment flag.')
}
// 获取 package 的版本号
const masterVersion = require('./package.json').version
// packages 目录路径
const packagesDir = path.resolve(__dirname, 'packages')
// 当前构建工程包的路径
const packageDir = path.resolve(packagesDir, process.env.TARGET)
// 简单封装一个 resolve 函数,方便后面使用
const resolve = p => path.resolve(packageDir, p)
// 通过 resolve 函数获取当前构建工程包的 package.json
const pkg = require(resolve(`package.json`))
// 当前构建工程包的 package.json 的 buildOptions 配置
const packageOptions = pkg.buildOptions || {}
// 工程名,通过 package.json 的 buildOptions 配置来的,如果没有就是工程的包名
const name = packageOptions.filename || path.basename(packageDir)
// ensure TS checks only once for each build
// 否则执行 ts 检查的标识,确保只会执行一次检查
let hasTSChecked = false
// 输出模块化的配置,包含了 cjs、esm、iife
const outputConfigs = {
'esm-bundler': {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.esm-bundler.js`),
format: `es`
},
'esm-browser': {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.esm-browser.js`),
format: `es`
},
cjs: {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.cjs.js`),
format: `cjs`
},
global: {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.global.js`),
format: `iife`
},
// runtime-only builds, for main "vue" package only
'esm-bundler-runtime': {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.runtime.esm-bundler.js`),
format: `es`
},
'esm-browser-runtime': {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.runtime.esm-browser.js`),
format: 'es'
},
'global-runtime': {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.runtime.global.js`),
format: 'iife'
}
}
// 默认的输出配置,对应上面的 outputConfigs
const defaultFormats = ['esm-bundler', 'cjs']
// 通过参数传递的构建包的格式,使用 npm run build 命令没有这个参数 为undefined
const inlineFormats = process.env.FORMATS && process.env.FORMATS.split(',')
// 最终包构架的格式,优先使用参数传递的格式,其次使用 package.json 的 buildOptions.formats 配置,最后使用默认的格式
const packageFormats = inlineFormats || packageOptions.formats || defaultFormats
// 最终包构架的格式的配置,通过 packageFormats 过滤出 outputConfigs 中的配置
const packageConfigs = process.env.PROD_ONLY
? []
: packageFormats.map(format => createConfig(format, outputConfigs[format]))
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') {
packageFormats.forEach(format => {
// 如果 package.json 中的 buildOptions.prod 确定为 false,那么就不会添加生产环境的配置
if (packageOptions.prod === false) {
return
}
// cjs 的配置会增加的配置,通过 createProductionConfig 函数来创建
if (format === 'cjs') {
packageConfigs.push(createProductionConfig(format))
}
// 浏览器环境包增加的配置,通过 createMinifiedConfig 函数来创建
if (/^(global|esm-browser)(-runtime)?/.test(format)) {
packageConfigs.push(createMinifiedConfig(format))
}
})
}
export default packageConfigs
function createConfig(format, output, plugins = []) {
if (!output) {
console.log(require('chalk').yellow(`invalid format: "${format}"`))
// process.exit()方法用于结束同时运行的进程,1-未捕获的致命异常
process.exit(1)
}
const isProductionBuild =
process.env.__DEV__ === 'false' || /\.prod\.js$/.test(output.file)
// formats 为自定义的打包格式,有 esm-bundler 在构建工具中使用的格式、esm-browser 在浏览器中使用的格式、cjs 在 node 中使用的格式、global 立即执行函数的格式
// 是否是esm-bundler 格式
const isBundlerESMBuild = /esm-bundler/.test(format)
// 是否是esm-browser 格式
const isBrowserESMBuild = /esm-browser/.test(format)
// 包名是否是 server-renderer
const isServerRenderer = name === 'server-renderer'
// 打包的种类是否是cjs
const isNodeBuild = format === 'cjs'
// 打包的种类 是否含有global
const isGlobalBuild = /global/.test(format)
// package.json的name 是否是@vue/compat
const isCompatPackage = pkg.name === '@vue/compat'
// 是否用于特定vue-compat包 "compat": true,
const isCompatBuild = !!packageOptions.compat
// 如果是@vue/compat,output.exports为auto,否则为named
output.exports = isCompatPackage ? 'auto' : 'named'
// 定义的sourcemap值为false
output.sourcemap = !!process.env.SOURCE_MAP
output.externalLiveBindings = false
// 如果是 打包出global格式 output.name 为子package.json中 buildOptions的name
if (isGlobalBuild) {
output.name = packageOptions.name
}
const shouldEmitDeclarations =
pkg.types && process.env.TYPES != null && !hasTSChecked
const tsPlugin = ts({
check: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' && !hasTSChecked,
tsconfig: path.resolve(__dirname, 'tsconfig.json'),
cacheRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, 'node_modules/.rts2_cache'),
tsconfigOverride: {
compilerOptions: {
target: isServerRenderer || isNodeBuild ? 'es2019' : 'es2015',
sourceMap: output.sourcemap,
declaration: shouldEmitDeclarations,
declarationMap: shouldEmitDeclarations
},
exclude: ['**/__tests__', 'test-dts']
}
})
// we only need to check TS and generate declarations once for each build.
// it also seems to run into weird issues when checking multiple times
// during a single build.
hasTSChecked = true
let entryFile = /runtime$/.test(format) ? `src/runtime.ts` : `src/index.ts`
// the compat build needs both default AND named exports. This will cause
// Rollup to complain for non-ESM targets, so we use separate entries for
// esm vs. non-esm builds.
if (isCompatPackage && (isBrowserESMBuild || isBundlerESMBuild)) {
entryFile = /runtime$/.test(format)
? `src/esm-runtime.ts`
: `src/esm-index.ts`
}
let external = []
if (isGlobalBuild || isBrowserESMBuild || isCompatPackage) {
if (!packageOptions.enableNonBrowserBranches) {
// normal browser builds - non-browser only imports are tree-shaken,
// they are only listed here to suppress warnings.
external = ['source-map', '@babel/parser', 'estree-walker']
}
} else {
// Node / esm-bundler builds.
// externalize all direct deps unless it's the compat build.
external = [
...Object.keys(pkg.dependencies || {}),
...Object.keys(pkg.peerDependencies || {}),
...['path', 'url', 'stream'] // for @vue/compiler-sfc / server-renderer
]
}
// we are bundling forked consolidate.js in compiler-sfc which dynamically
// requires a ton of template engines which should be ignored.
let cjsIgnores = []
if (pkg.name === '@vue/compiler-sfc') {
const consolidatePath = require.resolve('@vue/consolidate/package.json', {
paths: [packageDir]
})
cjsIgnores = [
...Object.keys(require(consolidatePath).devDependencies),
'vm',
'crypto',
'react-dom/server',
'teacup/lib/express',
'arc-templates/dist/es5',
'then-pug',
'then-jade'
]
}
const nodePlugins =
(format === 'cjs' && Object.keys(pkg.devDependencies || {}).length) ||
packageOptions.enableNonBrowserBranches
? [
// @ts-ignore
require('@rollup/plugin-commonjs')({
sourceMap: false,
ignore: cjsIgnores
}),
...(format === 'cjs'
? []
: // @ts-ignore
[require('rollup-plugin-polyfill-node')()]),
require('@rollup/plugin-node-resolve').nodeResolve()
]
: []
return {
input: resolve(entryFile),
// Global and Browser ESM builds inlines everything so that they can be
// used alone.
external,
plugins: [
json({
namedExports: false
}),
tsPlugin,
createReplacePlugin(
isProductionBuild,
isBundlerESMBuild,
isBrowserESMBuild,
// isBrowserBuild?
(isGlobalBuild || isBrowserESMBuild || isBundlerESMBuild) &&
!packageOptions.enableNonBrowserBranches,
isGlobalBuild,
isNodeBuild,
isCompatBuild,
isServerRenderer
),
...nodePlugins,
...plugins
],
output,
onwarn: (msg, warn) => {
if (!/Circular/.test(msg)) {
warn(msg)
}
},
treeshake: {
moduleSideEffects: false
}
}
}
function createReplacePlugin(
isProduction,
isBundlerESMBuild,
isBrowserESMBuild,
isBrowserBuild,
isGlobalBuild,
isNodeBuild,
isCompatBuild,
isServerRenderer
) {
// 替换的关键字和内容对象的映射
const replacements = {
__COMMIT__: `"${process.env.COMMIT}"`,
__VERSION__: `"${masterVersion}"`,
__DEV__: isBundlerESMBuild
? // preserve to be handled by bundlers
`(process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production')`
: // hard coded dev/prod builds
!isProduction,
// this is only used during Vue's internal tests
__TEST__: false,
// If the build is expected to run directly in the browser (global / esm builds)
__BROWSER__: isBrowserBuild,
__GLOBAL__: isGlobalBuild,
__ESM_BUNDLER__: isBundlerESMBuild,
__ESM_BROWSER__: isBrowserESMBuild,
// is targeting Node (SSR)?
__NODE_JS__: isNodeBuild,
// need SSR-specific branches?
__SSR__: isNodeBuild || isBundlerESMBuild || isServerRenderer,
// for compiler-sfc browser build inlined deps
...(isBrowserESMBuild
? {
'process.env': '({})',
'process.platform': '""',
'process.stdout': 'null'
}
: {}),
// 2.x compat build
__COMPAT__: isCompatBuild,
// feature flags
__FEATURE_SUSPENSE__: true,
__FEATURE_OPTIONS_API__: isBundlerESMBuild ? `__VUE_OPTIONS_API__` : true,
__FEATURE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__: isBundlerESMBuild
? `__VUE_PROD_DEVTOOLS__`
: false,
...(isProduction && isBrowserBuild
? {
'context.onError(': `/*#__PURE__*/ context.onError(`,
'emitError(': `/*#__PURE__*/ emitError(`,
'createCompilerError(': `/*#__PURE__*/ createCompilerError(`,
'createDOMCompilerError(': `/*#__PURE__*/ createDOMCompilerError(`
}
: {})
}
// allow inline overrides like
//__RUNTIME_COMPILE__=true yarn build runtime-core
Object.keys(replacements).forEach(key => {
if (key in process.env) {
replacements[key] = process.env[key]
}
})
return replace({
// @ts-ignore
values: replacements,
preventAssignment: true
})
}
function createProductionConfig(format) {
return createConfig(format, {
file: resolve(`dist/${name}.${format}.prod.js`),
format: outputConfigs[format].format
})
}
function createMinifiedConfig(format) {
const { terser } = require('rollup-plugin-terser')
return createConfig(
format,
{
file: outputConfigs[format].file.replace(/\.js$/, '.prod.js'),
format: outputConfigs[format].format
},
[
terser({
module: /^esm/.test(format),
compress: {
ecma: 2015,
pure_getters: true
},
safari10: true
})
]
)
}
通过分析vue
源码的package.json
的scripts
配置,我们了解到vue
是通过nodejs
的execa
包,对rollup
的命令进行了封装,从而实现了对rollup
的命令和配置动态化;
execa
是基于child_process
的封装,可以让我们更加方便的执行命令,vue
利用这个特性,使用多线程的方式,同时执行多个rollup
命令,从而加快了打包速度;
rollup
的配置文件是通过rollup.config.js
来进行配置的,而vue
通过各种参数的封装,实现了对rollup
配置的动态化,从而实现了对不同的打包方案的适配;
考虑到vue
可能会在不同的环境下运行,vue
通过配置rollup
的output.format
参数,可以实现对不同的打包方案的适配,比如cjs
、esm
、iife
等,从而实现对浏览器环境、node
环境、webpack
、vite
等打包工具的适配;
考虑到产物最终可能需要区分开发环境和生产环境,vue
通过配置rollup
的replace
插件,可以实现对__DEV__
的动态替换,从而实现对开发环境和生产环境的适配;
esm
:指的是es6
出的模块化规范,它是js
原生支持的模块化规范,它的特点是动态加载,可以在运行时加载模块,而且可以通过import()
动态加载模块,它的优点是可以按需加载,减少了打包后的文件体积;commonjs
:指的是node
出的模块化规范,它的特点是静态加载,只能在编译时加载模块,而且只能通过require()
加载模块,它的优点是可以同步加载,不需要考虑加载顺序;iife
:指的是IIFE
模块化规范,它的特点是静态加载,只能在编译时加载模块,而且只能通过script
标签加载模块,它的优点是可以同步加载,不需要考虑加载顺序;