1.1 理解网络编程和套接字

最近在看网络编程相关的知识，网上说尹圣雨的《TCPIP网络编程》不错，遂网上找了分电子版本的书籍，记录下阅读笔记。

TCP套接字通信可以类比电话机，接听方流程如下：

socket  —— 安装电话机

bind —— 分配电话号码

listen —— 连接电话线

accept —— 拿起话筒

打电话端比较简单，只需要：

socket

connect

举例：服务器端收到连接请求后向请求者返回“Hello World!”

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

void error_handling(char *message);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
	int serv_sock;
	int clnt_sock;

	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in clnt_addr;
	socklen_t clnt_addr_size;
	
	char message[]="hello world!";
	if(argc != 2){
		printf("Usage : %s <port>\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	serv_sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	if(serv_sock == -1){
		error_handling("socket() error");
	}

	memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));

	if(bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1){
		error_handling("bind() error");
	}

	if(listen(serv_sock,5) == -1){
		error_handling("listen() error");
	}

	clnt_addr_size = sizeof(clnt_addr);
	clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr *)&clnt_addr,&clnt_addr_size);
	if(clnt_sock == -1){
		error_handling("accept() error");
	}

	write(clnt_sock,message,sizeof(message));
	
	close(clnt_sock);
	close(serv_sock);

	return 0;

}

void error_handling(char *message){

	fputs(message,stderr);
	fputs("\n",stderr);
	exit(1);
}

对应的client端如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

void error_handling(char *message);

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
	int sock;
	struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
	char message[30];
	int str_len;

	if(argc != 3){
		printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n",argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}

	sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	if(sock == -1){
		error_handling("socket() error");
	}
	
	memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv_addr));
	serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));

	if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) == -1){
		error_handling("connect() error\r\n");
	}
	str_len = read(sock,message,sizeof(message)-1);
	if(str_len == -1)
	{
		error_handling("read() error");
	}

	printf("Message from server : %s \n",message);

	close(sock);
	return 0;
}

void error_handling(char *message){
	fputs(message,stderr);
	fputs("\n",stderr);
	exit(1);
}

Client 运行结果如下：

alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$ ./hello_client 127.0.0.1 9190
Message from server : hello world!
alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$

Server运行结果如下：

alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$ ./hello_server 9190
alex@alex-VirtualBox:~/Share/Test/tcpip$