java.util.concurrent包API学习笔记

newFixedThreadPool

创建一个固定大小的线程池。

shutdown():用于关闭启动线程,如果不调用该语句,jvm不会关闭。

awaitTermination():用于等待子线程结束,再继续执行下面的代码。该例中我设置一直等着子线程结束。

 

 

Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. public class Test {   
  2.   
  3.     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {   
  4.         ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);   
  5.         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {   
  6.             Runnable run = new Runnable() {   
  7.                 @Override  
  8.                 public void run() {   
  9.                     System.out.println("thread start");   
  10.                 }   
  11.             };   
  12.             service.execute(run);   
  13.         }   
  14.         service.shutdown();   
  15.         service.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);   
  16.         System.out.println("all thread complete");   
  17.     }   
  18. }  
public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			Runnable run = new Runnable() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					System.out.println("thread start");
				}
			};
			service.execute(run);
		}
		service.shutdown();
		service.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);
		System.out.println("all thread complete");
	}
}

 

 

 

 输出:
thread start
thread start
thread start
thread start
all thread complete

newScheduledThreadPool

这个先不说,我喜欢用spring quartz.

CyclicBarrier

假设有只有的一个场景:每个线程代表一个跑步运动员,当运动员都准备好后,才一起出发,只要有一个人没有准备好,大家都等待.

 

 

Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.io.IOException;   
  2. import java.util.Random;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;   
  4. import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;   
  5. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  6. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  7.   
  8. class Runner implements Runnable {   
  9.   
  10.     private CyclicBarrier barrier;   
  11.   
  12.     private String name;   
  13.   
  14.     public Runner(CyclicBarrier barrier, String name) {   
  15.         super();   
  16.         this.barrier = barrier;   
  17.         this.name = name;   
  18.     }   
  19.   
  20.     @Override  
  21.     public void run() {   
  22.         try {   
  23.             Thread.sleep(1000 * (new Random()).nextInt(8));   
  24.             System.out.println(name + " 准备OK.");   
  25.             barrier.await();   
  26.         } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  27.             e.printStackTrace();   
  28.         } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {   
  29.             e.printStackTrace();   
  30.         }   
  31.         System.out.println(name + " Go!!");   
  32.     }   
  33. }   
  34.   
  35. public class Race {   
  36.   
  37.     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {   
  38.         CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);   
  39.   
  40.         ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);   
  41.         executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "zhangsan")));   
  42.         executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "lisi")));   
  43.         executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "wangwu")));   
  44.   
  45.         executor.shutdown();   
  46.     }   
  47.   
  48. }  
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class Runner implements Runnable {

	private CyclicBarrier barrier;

	private String name;

	public Runner(CyclicBarrier barrier, String name) {
		super();
		this.barrier = barrier;
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(1000 * (new Random()).nextInt(8));
			System.out.println(name + " 准备OK.");
			barrier.await();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println(name + " Go!!");
	}
}

public class Race {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);

		ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
		executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "zhangsan")));
		executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "lisi")));
		executor.submit(new Thread(new Runner(barrier, "wangwu")));

		executor.shutdown();
	}

}

 

 

输出:
wangwu 准备OK.
zhangsan 准备OK.
lisi 准备OK.
lisi Go!!
zhangsan Go!!
wangwu Go!!

ThreadPoolExecutor

 

newFixedThreadPool生成一个固定的线程池,顾名思义,线程池的线程是不会释放的,即使它是Idle。这就会产生性能问题,比如如果线程池的大小为200,当全部使用完毕后,所有的线程会继续留在池中,相应的内存和线程切换(while(true)+sleep循环)都会增加。如果要避免这个问题,就必须直接使用ThreadPoolExecutor()来构造。可以像Tomcat的线程池一样设置“最大线程数”、“最小线程数”和“空闲线程keepAlive的时间”。

 

 

ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)  

 

corePoolSize:池中所保存的线程数,包括空闲线程(非最大同时干活的线程数)。如果池中线程数多于 corePoolSize,则这些多出的线程在空闲时间超过 keepAliveTime 时将会终止。

maximumPoolSize:线程池中最大线程数

keepAliveTime:线程空闲回收的时间

unit:keepAliveTime的单位

workQueue:保存任务的队列,可以如下选择:

 

  •   无界队列: new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
  •   有界队列: new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(8);你不想让客户端无限的请求吃光你的CPU和内存吧,那就用有界队列

handler:当提交任务数大于队列size会抛出RejectedExecutionException,可选的值为:

 

  • ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy 等待队列空闲
  • ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy:丢弃要插入队列的任务
  • ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy:删除队头的任务

关于corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize:

 

 Java官方Docs写道:
当新任务在方法 execute(java.lang.Runnable) 中提交时,如果运行的线程少于 corePoolSize,则创建新线程来处理请求(即使存在空闲线程)。如果运行的线程多于 corePoolSize 而少于 maximumPoolSize,则仅当队列(queue)满时才创建新线程。如果设置的 corePoolSize 和 maximumPoolSize 相同,则创建了固定大小的线程池。如果将 maximumPoolSize 设置为基本的无界值(如 Integer.MAX_VALUE),则允许池适应任意数量的并发任务。

 

 

Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. public class Test {   
  2.   
  3.     public static void main(String[] args) {   
  4.         BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();   
  5.         ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(361, TimeUnit.DAYS, queue);   
  6.   
  7.         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {   
  8.             final int index = i;   
  9.             executor.execute(new Runnable() {   
  10.                 public void run() {   
  11.                     try {   
  12.                         Thread.sleep(4000);   
  13.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  14.                         e.printStackTrace();   
  15.                     }   
  16.                     System.out.println(String.format("thread %d finished", index));   
  17.                 }   
  18.             });   
  19.         }   
  20.         executor.shutdown();   
  21.     }   
  22. }  
public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
		ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 6, 1, TimeUnit.DAYS, queue);

		for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
			final int index = i;
			executor.execute(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						Thread.sleep(4000);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					System.out.println(String.format("thread %d finished", index));
				}
			});
		}
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}

 

原子变量(Atomic )

并发库中的BlockingQueue是一个比较好玩的类,顾名思义,就是阻塞队列。该类主要提供了两个方法put()和take(),前者将一个对象放到队列中,如果队列已经满了,就等待直到有空闲节点;后者从head取一个对象,如果没有对象,就等待直到有可取的对象。

 

下面的例子比较简单,一个读线程,用于将要处理的文件对象添加到阻塞队列中,另外四个写线程用于取出文件对象,为了模拟写操作耗时长的特点,特让线程睡眠一段随机长度的时间。另外,该Demo也使用到了线程池和原子整型(AtomicInteger),AtomicInteger可以在并发情况下达到原子化更新,避免使用了synchronized,而且性能非常高。由于阻塞队列的put和take操作会阻塞,为了使线程退出,在队列中添加了一个“标识”,算法中也叫“哨兵”,当发现这个哨兵后,写线程就退出。

 

 
Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.io.File;   
  2. import java.io.FileFilter;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;   
  4. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  5. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  6. import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;   
  7. import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;   
  8.   
  9. public class Test {   
  10.   
  11.     static long randomTime() {   
  12.         return (long) (Math.random() * 1000);   
  13.     }   
  14.   
  15.     public static void main(String[] args) {   
  16.         // 能容纳100个文件   
  17.         final BlockingQueue<File> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<File>(100);   
  18.         // 线程池   
  19.         final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   
  20.         final File root = new File("D:\\dist\\blank");   
  21.         // 完成标志   
  22.         final File exitFile = new File("");   
  23.         // 读个数   
  24.         final AtomicInteger rc = new AtomicInteger();   
  25.         // 写个数   
  26.         final AtomicInteger wc = new AtomicInteger();   
  27.         // 读线程   
  28.         Runnable read = new Runnable() {   
  29.             public void run() {   
  30.                 scanFile(root);   
  31.                 scanFile(exitFile);   
  32.             }   
  33.   
  34.             public void scanFile(File file) {   
  35.                 if (file.isDirectory()) {   
  36.                     File[] files = file.listFiles(new FileFilter() {   
  37.                         public boolean accept(File pathname) {   
  38.                             return pathname.isDirectory() || pathname.getPath().endsWith(".log");   
  39.                         }   
  40.                     });   
  41.                     for (File one : files)   
  42.                         scanFile(one);   
  43.                 } else {   
  44.                     try {   
  45.                         int index = rc.incrementAndGet();   
  46.                         System.out.println("Read0: " + index + " " + file.getPath());   
  47.                         queue.put(file);   
  48.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  49.                     }   
  50.                 }   
  51.             }   
  52.         };   
  53.         exec.submit(read);   
  54.         // 四个写线程   
  55.         for (int index = 0; index < 4; index++) {   
  56.             // write thread   
  57.             final int num = index;   
  58.             Runnable write = new Runnable() {   
  59.                 String threadName = "Write" + num;   
  60.   
  61.                 public void run() {   
  62.                     while (true) {   
  63.                         try {   
  64.                             Thread.sleep(randomTime());   
  65.                             int index = wc.incrementAndGet();   
  66.                             File file = queue.take();   
  67.                             // 队列已经无对象   
  68.                             if (file == exitFile) {   
  69.                                 // 再次添加"标志",以让其他线程正常退出   
  70.                                 queue.put(exitFile);   
  71.                                 break;   
  72.                             }   
  73.                             System.out.println(threadName + ": " + index + " " + file.getPath());   
  74.                         } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  75.                         }   
  76.                     }   
  77.                 }   
  78.   
  79.             };   
  80.             exec.submit(write);   
  81.         }   
  82.         exec.shutdown();   
  83.     }   
  84.   
  85. }  
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Test {

	static long randomTime() {
		return (long) (Math.random() * 1000);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 能容纳100个文件
		final BlockingQueue<File> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<File>(100);
		// 线程池
		final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
		final File root = new File("D:\\dist\\blank");
		// 完成标志
		final File exitFile = new File("");
		// 读个数
		final AtomicInteger rc = new AtomicInteger();
		// 写个数
		final AtomicInteger wc = new AtomicInteger();
		// 读线程
		Runnable read = new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				scanFile(root);
				scanFile(exitFile);
			}

			public void scanFile(File file) {
				if (file.isDirectory()) {
					File[] files = file.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
						public boolean accept(File pathname) {
							return pathname.isDirectory() || pathname.getPath().endsWith(".log");
						}
					});
					for (File one : files)
						scanFile(one);
				} else {
					try {
						int index = rc.incrementAndGet();
						System.out.println("Read0: " + index + " " + file.getPath());
						queue.put(file);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					}
				}
			}
		};
		exec.submit(read);
		// 四个写线程
		for (int index = 0; index < 4; index++) {
			// write thread
			final int num = index;
			Runnable write = new Runnable() {
				String threadName = "Write" + num;

				public void run() {
					while (true) {
						try {
							Thread.sleep(randomTime());
							int index = wc.incrementAndGet();
							File file = queue.take();
							// 队列已经无对象
							if (file == exitFile) {
								// 再次添加"标志",以让其他线程正常退出
								queue.put(exitFile);
								break;
							}
							System.out.println(threadName + ": " + index + " " + file.getPath());
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						}
					}
				}

			};
			exec.submit(write);
		}
		exec.shutdown();
	}

}
 

CountDownLatch

 

从名字可以看出,CountDownLatch是一个倒数计数的锁,当倒数到0时触发事件,也就是开锁,其他人就可以进入了。在一些应用场合中,需要等待某个条件达到要求后才能做后面的事情;同时当线程都完成后也会触发事件,以便进行后面的操作。 

CountDownLatch最重要的方法是countDown()和await(),前者主要是倒数一次,后者是等待倒数到0,如果没有到达0,就只有阻塞等待了。

一个CountDouwnLatch实例是不能重复使用的,也就是说它是一次性的,锁一经被打开就不能再关闭使用了,如果想重复使用,请考虑使用CyclicBarrier。

下面的例子简单的说明了CountDownLatch的使用方法,模拟了100米赛跑,10名选手已经准备就绪,只等裁判一声令下。当所有人都到达终点时,比赛结束。

 

 
Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;   
  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  4.   
  5. public class Test {   
  6.   
  7.     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {   
  8.   
  9.         // 开始的倒数锁   
  10.         final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);   
  11.   
  12.         // 结束的倒数锁   
  13.         final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(10);   
  14.   
  15.         // 十名选手   
  16.         final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);   
  17.   
  18.         for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {   
  19.             final int NO = index + 1;   
  20.             Runnable run = new Runnable() {   
  21.                 public void run() {   
  22.                     try {   
  23.                         begin.await();   
  24.                         Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));   
  25.                         System.out.println("No." + NO + " arrived");   
  26.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  27.                     } finally {   
  28.                         end.countDown();   
  29.                     }   
  30.                 }   
  31.             };   
  32.             exec.submit(run);   
  33.         }   
  34.         System.out.println("Game Start");   
  35.         begin.countDown();   
  36.         end.await();   
  37.         System.out.println("Game Over");   
  38.         exec.shutdown();   
  39.     }   
  40.   
  41. }  
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

		// 开始的倒数锁
		final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);

		// 结束的倒数锁
		final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(10);

		// 十名选手
		final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

		for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
			final int NO = index + 1;
			Runnable run = new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						begin.await();
						Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
						System.out.println("No." + NO + " arrived");
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					} finally {
						end.countDown();
					}
				}
			};
			exec.submit(run);
		}
		System.out.println("Game Start");
		begin.countDown();
		end.await();
		System.out.println("Game Over");
		exec.shutdown();
	}

}
 

使用Callable和Future实现线程等待和多线程返回值

 
 假设在main线程启动一个线程,然后main线程需要等待子线程结束后,再继续下面的操作,我们会通过join方法阻塞main线程,代码如下:
 
Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. Runnable runnable = ...;   
  2. Thread t = new Thread(runnable);   
  3. t.start();   
  4. t.join();   
  5. ......  
    Runnable runnable = ...;
    Thread t = new Thread(runnable);
    t.start();
    t.join();
    ......

 通过JDK1.5线程池管理的线程可以使用Callable和Future实现(join()方法无法应用到在线程池线程)
 
Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.util.concurrent.Callable;   
  2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  4. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  5. import java.util.concurrent.Future;   
  6.   
  7. public class Test {   
  8.   
  9.     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {   
  10.         System.out.println("start main thread");   
  11.         final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   
  12.            
  13.         Callable<String> call = new Callable<String>() {   
  14.             public String call() throws Exception {   
  15.                 System.out.println("  start new thread.");   
  16.                 Thread.sleep(1000 * 5);   
  17.                 System.out.println("  end new thread.");   
  18.                 return "some value.";   
  19.             }   
  20.         };   
  21.         Future<String> task = exec.submit(call);   
  22.         Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);   
  23.         task.get(); // 阻塞,并待子线程结束,   
  24.         exec.shutdown();   
  25.         exec.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);   
  26.         System.out.println("end main thread");   
  27.     }   
  28.   
  29. }  
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
		System.out.println("start main thread");
		final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
		
		Callable<String> call = new Callable<String>() {
			public String call() throws Exception {
				System.out.println("  start new thread.");
				Thread.sleep(1000 * 5);
				System.out.println("  end new thread.");
				return "some value.";
			}
		};
		Future<String> task = exec.submit(call);
		Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
		task.get(); // 阻塞,并待子线程结束,
		exec.shutdown();
		exec.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);
		System.out.println("end main thread");
	}

}
 
Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.util.ArrayList;   
  2. import java.util.List;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.Callable;   
  4. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;   
  5. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  6. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  7. import java.util.concurrent.Future;   
  8.   
  9. /**  
  10. * 多线程返回值测试  
  11. */  
  12. public class ThreadTest {   
  13.   
  14.     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {   
  15.         System.out.println("start main thread");   
  16.         int threadCount = 5;   
  17.         final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);   
  18.   
  19.         List<Future<Integer>> tasks = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>();   
  20.         for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {   
  21.             Callable<Integer> call = new Callable<Integer>() {   
  22.                 public Integer call() throws Exception {   
  23.                     Thread.sleep(1000);   
  24.                     return 1;   
  25.                 }   
  26.             };   
  27.             tasks.add(exec.submit(call));   
  28.         }   
  29.         long total = 0;   
  30.         for (Future<Integer> future : tasks) {   
  31.             total += future.get();   
  32.         }   
  33.         exec.shutdown();   
  34.         System.out.println("total: " + total);   
  35.         System.out.println("end main thread");   
  36.     }   
  37. }  
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

/**
* 多线程返回值测试
*/
public class ThreadTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
		System.out.println("start main thread");
		int threadCount = 5;
		final ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);

		List<Future<Integer>> tasks = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>();
		for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
			Callable<Integer> call = new Callable<Integer>() {
				public Integer call() throws Exception {
					Thread.sleep(1000);
					return 1;
				}
			};
			tasks.add(exec.submit(call));
		}
		long total = 0;
		for (Future<Integer> future : tasks) {
			total += future.get();
		}
		exec.shutdown();
		System.out.println("total: " + total);
		System.out.println("end main thread");
	}
}
 
 

CompletionService

这个东西的使用上很类似上面的example,不同的是,它会首先取完成任务的线程。下面的参考文章里,专门提到这个,大家有兴趣可以看下,例子:

 

 

Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.util.concurrent.Callable;   
  2. import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;   
  4. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;   
  5. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  6. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  7. import java.util.concurrent.Future;   
  8.   
  9. public class Test {   
  10.     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,   
  11.     ExecutionException {   
  12.         ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);   
  13.         CompletionService<String> serv =   
  14.         new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(exec);   
  15.         for (int index = 0; index < 5; index++) {   
  16.             final int NO = index;   
  17.             Callable<String> downImg = new Callable<String>() {   
  18.                 public String call() throws Exception {   
  19.                     Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));   
  20.                     return "Downloaded Image " + NO;   
  21.                 }   
  22.             };   
  23.             serv.submit(downImg);   
  24.         }   
  25.         Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);   
  26.         System.out.println("Show web content");   
  27.         for (int index = 0; index < 5; index++) {   
  28.             Future<String> task = serv.take();   
  29.             String img = task.get();   
  30.             System.out.println(img);   
  31.         }   
  32.         System.out.println("End");   
  33.         // 关闭线程池   
  34.         exec.shutdown();   
  35.     }   
  36. }  
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,
	ExecutionException {
		ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
		CompletionService<String> serv =
		new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(exec);
		for (int index = 0; index < 5; index++) {
			final int NO = index;
			Callable<String> downImg = new Callable<String>() {
				public String call() throws Exception {
					Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
					return "Downloaded Image " + NO;
				}
			};
			serv.submit(downImg);
		}
		Thread.sleep(1000 * 2);
		System.out.println("Show web content");
		for (int index = 0; index < 5; index++) {
			Future<String> task = serv.take();
			String img = task.get();
			System.out.println(img);
		}
		System.out.println("End");
		// 关闭线程池
		exec.shutdown();
	}
}

 

 

Semaphore信号量

 

拿到信号量的线程可以进入代码,否则就等待。通过acquire()和release()获取和释放访问许可。下面的例子只允许5个线程同时进入执行acquire()和release()之间的代码

 

 

Java代码 复制代码  收藏代码
  1. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;   
  2. import java.util.concurrent.Executors;   
  3. import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;   
  4.   
  5. public class Test {   
  6.   
  7.     public static void main(String[] args) {   
  8.         // 线程池   
  9.         ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();   
  10.         // 只能5个线程同时访问   
  11.         final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(5);   
  12.         // 模拟20个客户端访问   
  13.         for (int index = 0; index < 20; index++) {   
  14.             final int NO = index;   
  15.             Runnable run = new Runnable() {   
  16.                 public void run() {   
  17.                     try {   
  18.                         // 获取许可   
  19.                         semp.acquire();   
  20.                         System.out.println("Accessing: " + NO);   
  21.                         Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));   
  22.                         // 访问完后,释放   
  23.                         semp.release();   
  24.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {   
  25.                     }   
  26.                 }   
  27.             };   
  28.             exec.execute(run);   
  29.         }   
  30.         // 退出线程池   
  31.         exec.shutdown();   
  32.     }   
  33.   
  34. }  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 线程池
		ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		// 只能5个线程同时访问
		final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(5);
		// 模拟20个客户端访问
		for (int index = 0; index < 20; index++) {
			final int NO = index;
			Runnable run = new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						// 获取许可
						semp.acquire();
						System.out.println("Accessing: " + NO);
						Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
						// 访问完后,释放
						semp.release();
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					}
				}
			};
			exec.execute(run);
		}
		// 退出线程池
		exec.shutdown();
	}

}

 

 

 

 

 

参考:

jdk1.5中的线程池使用简介

http://www.java3z.com/cwbwebhome/article/article2/2875.html

CAS原理

http://www.blogjava.net/syniii/archive/2010/11/18/338387.html?opt=admin

jdk1.5中java.util.concurrent包编写多线程

http://hi.baidu.com/luotoo/blog/item/b895c3c2d650591e0ef47731.html

ExecutorSerive vs CompletionService

http://www.coderanch.com/t/491704/threads/java/ExecutorSerive-vs-CompletionService

 

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