前面两节介绍了Ribbon的(1)介绍和使用和(2)核心组件IRule,这节介绍Ribbon的负载均衡算法,以及自己写一个轮询算法。
1、原理
负载均衡算法:Rest接口第几次请求数 % 服务器集群总数量 = 实际调用服务器位置下标,每次服务重启动后Rest接口计数从1开始。
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
如List[0] instances = 127.0.0.1:8002
List[1] instances = 127.0.0.1:8001
8001+8002组合成为集群,它们共计2台机器,集群总数为2,按照轮询算法原理:
当总请求数为1时:1%2 = 1对应下标位置为1,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8001
当总请求数为2时:2%2 = 0对应下标位置为0,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8002
当总请求数为3时:3%2 = 1对应下标位置为1,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8001
当总请求数为4时:4%2 = 0对应下标位置为0,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8002
如此类推......
2、源码分析
SpringCloud系列–Ribbon(2)核心组件IRule中介绍到IRule接口有个choose方法 - - choose(Object key):根据某种算法从lb的负载列表中获得key、从而选择一个有效的服务。
如下图所示,IRule有实现类RoundRobinRule(轮循算法),这里以RoundRobinRule为例叙述Ribbon算法实现:
public class RoundRobinRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
//原子整形变量,初始值为0
private AtomicInteger nextServerCyclicCounter;
private static final boolean AVAILABLE_ONLY_SERVERS = true;
private static final boolean ALL_SERVERS = false;
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RoundRobinRule.class);
public RoundRobinRule() {
nextServerCyclicCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
}
public RoundRobinRule(ILoadBalancer lb) {
this();
setLoadBalancer(lb);
}
public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
if (lb == null) {
log.warn("no load balancer");
return null;
}
Server server = null;
int count = 0;
while (server == null && count++ < 10) {
// Only the servers that are up and reachable.
// 活着的服务机器
List<Server> reachableServers = lb.getReachableServers();
// All known servers, both reachable and unreachable.
// 所有服务端
List<Server> allServers = lb.getAllServers();
int upCount = reachableServers.size();
int serverCount = allServers.size();
if ((upCount == 0) || (serverCount == 0)) {
log.warn("No up servers available from load balancer: " + lb);
return null;
}
int nextServerIndex = incrementAndGetModulo(serverCount);
server = allServers.get(nextServerIndex);
if (server == null) {
/* Transient. */
Thread.yield();
continue;
}
if (server.isAlive() && (server.isReadyToServe())) {
return (server);
}
// Next.
server = null;
}
if (count >= 10) {
log.warn("No available alive servers after 10 tries from load balancer: "
+ lb);
}
return server;
}
/**
* Inspired by the implementation of {@link AtomicInteger#incrementAndGet()}.
*
* @param modulo The modulo to bound the value of the counter.
* @return The next value.
*/
private int incrementAndGetModulo(int modulo) {
for (;;) {
int current = nextServerCyclicCounter.get();
int next = (current + 1) % modulo;
if (nextServerCyclicCounter.compareAndSet(current, next))
return next;
}
}
@Override
public Server choose(Object key) {
return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
}
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
}
}
RoundRobinRule继承AbstractLoadBalancerRule,调用choose(Object)时,调用内部方法 choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key)。
其中:
- 原子整形变量AtomicInteger nextServerCyclicCounter初始默认值为0。
- int serverCount = allServers.size()就是上述负载均衡算法中的服务器集群总数量。
- incrementAndGetModulo方法,就是增加计数取余得到访问的server的index,用CAS来实现线程安全。
- 得到服务Server后,判断是否是alive和ReadyToServe,则返回;如果循坏了10次还没有找到,则log打印warn日志提示。
3、写一个轮询算法
接下来我们自己写一个本地负载均衡器。
3.1、LoadBalancer接口
public interface LoadBalancer
{
ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances);
}
3.2、接口的实现类
@Component
public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer
{
private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
public final int getAndIncrement()
{
int current;
int next;
do {
current = this.atomicInteger.get();
next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1;
}while(!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current,next));
System.out.println("*****第几次访问,次数next: "+next);
return next;
}
//负载均衡算法:rest接口第几次请求数 % 服务器集群总数量 = 实际调用服务器位置下标 ,每次服务重启动后rest接口计数从1开始。
@Override
public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances)
{
int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size();
return serviceInstances.get(index);
}
}
3.3、引入自定义的负载均衡器
服务消费端controller代码如下:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//注入自定义的LoadBalancer
@Resource
private LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB()
{
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
if(instances == null || instances.size() <= 0)
{
return null;
}
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancer.instances(instances);
URI uri = serviceInstance.getUri();
return restTemplate.getForObject(uri+"/payment/lb",String.class);
}
}
3.4、主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class OrderMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class, args);
}
}
3.5、application.yml
server:
port: 80
spring:
application:
name: cloud-order-service
eureka:
client:
#表示是否将自己注册进EurekaServer默认为true。
register-with-eureka: true
#是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息,默认为true。单节点无所谓,集群必须设置为true才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
#单机
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
# 集群
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka # 集群版
3.6、restTemplate
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
此时启动服务即可测试自定义的轮询负载均衡器。