外观（Facade）模式

什么是外观（Facade）模式？

当一个系统的功能越来越强，子系统会越来越多，客户对系统的访问也变得越来越复杂。这时如果系统内部发生改变，客户端也要跟着改变，这违背了“开闭原则”，也违背了“迪米特法则”，所以有必要为多个子系统提供一个统一的接口，从而降低系统的耦合度，这就是外观模式的目标。

外观（Facade）模式的定义：是一种通过为多个复杂的子系统提供一个一致的接口，而使这些子系统更加容易被访问的模式。该模式对外有一个统一接口，外部应用程序不用关心内部子系统的具体的细节，这样会大大降低应用程序的复杂度，提高了程序的可维护性。

这种模式隐藏了更大系统的复杂性，并提供了一个更简单的系统。

例子

在本例中，Facade是（{@link dwarvengoldminefaccade}），它为金矿子系统提供了一个更简单的接口。

public class App {

  /**
   * Program entry point.
   *
   * @param args command line args
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    var facade = new DwarvenGoldmineFacade();
    facade.startNewDay();
    facade.digOutGold();
    facade.endDay();
  }
}

public class DwarvenGoldmineFacade {

  private final List<DwarvenMineWorker> workers;

  /**
   * Constructor.
   */
  public DwarvenGoldmineFacade() {
    workers = List.of(
        new DwarvenGoldDigger(),
        new DwarvenCartOperator(),
        new DwarvenTunnelDigger());
  }

  public void startNewDay() {
    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WAKE_UP, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_MINE);
  }

  public void digOutGold() {
    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WORK);
  }

  public void endDay() {
    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_HOME, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_SLEEP);
  }

  private static void makeActions(
      Collection<DwarvenMineWorker> workers,
      DwarvenMineWorker.Action... actions
  ) {
    workers.forEach(worker -> worker.action(actions));
  }
}

/**
 * DwarvenMineWorker is one of the goldmine subsystems.
 */
public abstract class DwarvenMineWorker {

  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenMineWorker.class);

  public void goToSleep() {
    LOGGER.info("{} goes to sleep.(去睡觉)", name());
  }

  public void wakeUp() {
    LOGGER.info("{} wakes up.(醒来)", name());
  }

  public void goHome() {
    LOGGER.info("{} goes home.（回家）", name());
  }

  public void goToMine() {
    LOGGER.info("{} goes to the mine.（去矿井）", name());
  }

  private void action(Action action) {
    switch (action) {
      case GO_TO_SLEEP:
        goToSleep();
        break;
      case WAKE_UP:
        wakeUp();
        break;
      case GO_HOME:
        goHome();
        break;
      case GO_TO_MINE:
        goToMine();
        break;
      case WORK:
        work();
        break;
      default:
        LOGGER.info("Undefined action（未定义动作）");
        break;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Perform actions.
   */
  public void action(Action... actions) {
    Arrays.stream(actions).forEach(this::action);
  }

  public abstract void work();

  public abstract String name();

  enum Action {
    GO_TO_SLEEP, WAKE_UP, GO_HOME, GO_TO_MINE, WORK
  }
}

/**
 * DwarvenCartOperator is one of the goldmine subsystems.
 */
public class DwarvenCartOperator extends DwarvenMineWorker {

  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenCartOperator.class);

  @Override
  public void work() {
    LOGGER.info("{} moves gold chunks out of the mine.（把黄金块从矿里搬出来）", name());
  }

  @Override
  public String name() {
    return "Dwarf cart operator（矮车操作员）";
  }
}

/**
 * DwarvenGoldDigger is one of the goldmine subsystems.
 */
public class DwarvenGoldDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {

  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenGoldDigger.class);

  @Override
  public void work() {
    LOGGER.info("{} digs for gold.(掘金)", name());
  }

  @Override
  public String name() {
    return "Dwarf gold digger(矮人掘金者)";
  }
}

/**
 * DwarvenTunnelDigger is one of the goldmine subsystems.
 */
public class DwarvenTunnelDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {

  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenTunnelDigger.class);

  @Override
  public void work() {
    LOGGER.info("{} creates another promising tunnel.（创造另一条有希望的隧道）", name());
  }

  @Override
  public String name() {
    return "Dwarven tunnel digger（矮人隧道挖掘机）";
  }
}