用HAL库改写江科大的stm32入门例子-6-2 定时器外部时钟

wh_xia_jun

已于 2024-06-08 09:45:12 修改

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文章标签： stm32 嵌入式硬件单片机

于 2024-05-25 16:44:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wh_xia_jun/article/details/139191516

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实验目的：

熟悉外部时钟的应用。

实验步骤：

创建项目
参照前面的文章，集成oled(没有oled,用uart串口传递也可以)
选择外部时钟源
时钟源参数设置
编写代码：

5.1声明全局变量，如果发生定时器中断的时候，在回调函数中修改这个变量

5.2while循环中获取定时器的值，通过串口传给pc 或者在oled上显示

开启定时中断：

代码部分：

首先定义一个全局变量：

开启定时器：

取得计数器的值，显示数据：

写定时中断代码：

完整代码如下：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "OLED.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
  // declare new variable, when timer interrupt fires, this variable will be incremented
  uint32_t counter = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

// timer interrupt callback function
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  // is it timer2?
	counter++;
 
}


/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();
  MX_TIM2_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	

	OLED_Init();		
	

	OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A');				

// clear timer2 flag
  __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(&htim2, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE);

  //enable timer interrupt
  HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
      // read the counter value, and display it on the OLED
      // user _HAL  get counter Value
      uint32_t currentCount=__HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim2);


      OLED_ShowNum(2, 3, currentCount,10);
		OLED_ShowNum(4, 5, counter,10);
      HAL_Delay(200); // delay 1 second
      OLED_Clear();


    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

ps:外部时钟示意图：

补充说明：

timer2的clock选择项，取默认即可，它们的意思是什么？

初始值的矫正：

由于内部影子寄存器启动时中断的影响，系统启动后，没有外部中断信号，开始值是有1，这里做个小修正，启动定时器前，清除一下标志位：

__HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(&htim2, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE);

正点原子精英板上的应用：

正点原子精英板上，PA0引脚上是按键，可以当成外部时钟信号，即按一次相当于一个脉冲信息进入，显示上，通过串口发送到pc端串口助手即可。但实际测试，这个方案有问题，可能开发板其他电路影响？

另外一个实验办法是：连到pe4上的key0,引起一个中断，中断事件中在pe2引脚上，产生一个脉冲信息，连上pe2与pe0。这样pe2上的输出型号，被pe0接受到，作为tim4的ETR,作为外部时钟。

产生外部脉冲的代码类似下面：

  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOE, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_SET);
  HAL_Delay(50);
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOE, GPIO_PIN_2, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
	 HAL_Delay(50);
  // clear the interrupt flag
  __HAL_GPIO_EXTI_CLEAR_IT(GPIO_PIN_4);