Ubuntu 16.04使用kubeadm快速部署Kubernetes-v1.13.4集群

Ubuntu 16.04使用kubeadm快速部署Kubernetes-v1.13.4集群

本篇文章是在空白虚拟机或者物理机上部署Kubernetes-v1.13.4集群

一、环境描述

我们对Markdown编辑器进行了一些功能拓展与语法支持，除了标准的Markdown编辑器功能，我们增加了如下几点新功能，帮助你用它写博客：

1. 本次测试为2节点集群master、node各1台，并且可通互联网
2. master节点的主机需要2颗cpu以上
   注：若要部署openstack，则服务器最低配置为16GB内存+8核cpu+50G存储
3. 操作系统版本为ubuntu 16.04
4. 各镜像或相关介质版本：
   Kubernetes：v1.13.4
   kubernetes-cni：0.6.0
   docker：18.06.1-0ubuntu1.2~16.04.1
   k8s-calico：v3.1.6
   k8s-coredns：1.2.6
   k8s-etcd：3.2.24
   k8s-pause：3.1

二、前期准备

1.修改主机名
master节点：

vi /etc/hostname 
master

node节点：

vi /etc/hostname
node

完成后重启

2.添加dns

vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 114.114.114.114

3.配置阿里源

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list

vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

配置kubernetes的源

curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add 

vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main

更新源：

apt-get update

4.配置对时

apt-get install -y ntpdate
ntpdate -u ntp.api.bz

5.配置apt https规则

apt-get install -y apt-transport-https

6.关闭swap

swapoff -a
vi /etc/fstab
注释掉带swap的一行

7.添加hosts

vi /etc/hosts
xxx.xxx.xxx.11 master
xxx.xxx.xxx.12 node

三、部署kubernetes

1.安装kubernetes（所有节点执行）

apt-get install –y kubernetes-cni=0.6.0-00
apt-get install -y kubelet=1.13.4-00 kubeadm=1.13.4-00 kubectl=1.13.4-00

注：这里的kubernetes-cni、kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl必须要指定版本安装，因为kubernetes需要依赖kubernetes-cni0.6.而自动安装kubernetes-cni，最低也是0.7版本，支持kubernetes最低为1.15版本

2.标记软件不被自动更新（所有节点执行）

apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

3.安装docker（所有节点执行）

apt-get install docker.io=18.06.1-0ubuntu1.2~16.04.1 -y
systemctl enable docker

4.下载镜像（所有节点执行）
mkdir /k8s
vi pull_k8s_images.sh

### 版本信息
K8S_VERSION=v1.13.4
ETCD_VERSION=3.2.24
DASHBOARD_VERSION=v1.10.1
DNS_VERSION=1.14.5
PAUSE_VERSION=3.0
### 基本组件
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:$PAUSE_VERSION
### 网络
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
### 前端
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:$DASHBOARD_VERSION
###修改tag
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION gcr.io/kube-apiserver:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION gcr.io/kube-scheduler:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION gcr.io/kube-proxy:$K8S_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION gcr.io/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:$PAUSE_VERSION gcr.io/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:$DNS_VERSION gcr.io/k8s-dns-sidecar:$DNS_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:$DNS_VERSION gcr.io/k8s-dns-kube-dns:$DNS_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:$DNS_VERSION gcr.io/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny:$DNS_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:$DASHBOARD_VERSION gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:$DASHBOARD_VERSION
## 删除镜像
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:$K8S_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:$ETCD_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:$DNS_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:$DASHBOARD_VERSION

sh pull_k8s_images.sh

5.初始化master节点（master节点执行）

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.4 --token-ttl=0 --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

注：此命令执行成功后会输出successfully和一段文字加编码请全句保存好，添加节点时使用

6.执行本地配置（master节点执行）

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

将以上文件复制到node节点

7.安装网络插件（master节点执行）

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/rbac-kdd.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/calico-networking/1.7/calico.yaml

8.node节点加入集群（node节点执行）

kubeadm join masterIP:6443 --token oicybi.8cyp7zbwynta0wg0 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:30e07ca44d2b9740247c90e94de83686c84a6b2ea5fb4c2782ff0xxxxxx

注：此处内容为初始化master节点时的输出内容

9.检测部署情况

kubectl get nodes

检查所有节点状态为ready，版本为v1.13.4

kubectl get pod –all-namespaces

检查所有pod状态为running

部署完成