最近实验室接了一个项目,开发一个虚拟现实平台,用来展示海底场景,能够对海洋各种环境进行实时渲染,并对以鱼类为主的生物进行形态和行为仿真,设计并实现其基本动作.
主要内容有用三维建模,雾化,粒子系统等模拟海底空间效果,对光,影,雾,浪,水流等进行实时渲染.
技术关键问题及解决途径:
1) 虚拟海底场景实时生成：通过借助图形处理器（GPU），利用NVIDIA推出的Cg语言编程对海底场景相关的水体、光影效果进行实时渲染；
2) 鱼类表面纹理的细节表现：通过使用动态纹理，光影计算以及OpenGL库的纹理映射方法等表现鱼类等的表面纹理细节，使其与所在的海底环境相配合；
平台中对鱼类的动作仿真是难点之一,打算采用ms3d文件,从模型中读取数据,进行渲染.// MilkShape 3D 1.8.2 File Format Specification // // // This specifcation is written in C style. // // // The data structures are defined in the order as they appear in the .ms3d file. // // // // // // // max values // #define MAX_VERTICES 65534 #define MAX_TRIANGLES 65534 #define MAX_GROUPS 255 #define MAX_MATERIALS 128 #define MAX_JOINTS 128 // // flags // #define SELECTED 1 #define HIDDEN 2 #define SELECTED2 4 #define DIRTY 8 // // types // #ifndef byte typedef unsigned char byte; #endif // byte #ifndef word typedef unsigned short word; #endif // word // force one byte alignment #include <pshpack1.h> // // First comes the header (sizeof(ms3d_header_t) == 14) // typedef struct { char id[10]; // always "MS3D000000" int version; // 4 } ms3d_header_t; // // Then comes the number of vertices // word nNumVertices; // 2 bytes // // Then come nNumVertices times ms3d_vertex_t structs (sizeof(ms3d_vertex_t) == 15) // typedef struct { byte flags; // SELECTED | SELECTED2 | HIDDEN float vertex[3]; // char boneId; // -1 = no bone byte referenceCount; } ms3d_vertex_t; // // Then comes the number of triangles // word nNumTriangles; // 2 bytes // // Then come nNumTriangles times ms3d_triangle_t structs (sizeof(ms3d_triangle_t) == 70) // typedef struct { word flags; // SELECTED | SELECTED2 | HIDDEN word vertexIndices[3]; // float vertexNormals[3][3]; // float s[3]; // float t[3]; // byte smoothingGroup; // 1 - 32 byte groupIndex; // } ms3d_triangle_t; // // Then comes the number of groups // word nNumGroups; // 2 bytes // // Then come nNumGroups times groups (the sizeof a group is dynamic, because of triangleIndices is numtriangles long) // typedef struct { byte flags; // SELECTED | HIDDEN char name[32]; // word numtriangles; // word triangleIndices[numtriangles]; // the groups group the triangles char materialIndex; // -1 = no material } ms3d_group_t; // // number of materials // word nNumMaterials; // 2 bytes // // Then come nNumMaterials times ms3d_material_t structs (sizeof(ms3d_material_t) == 361) // typedef struct { char name[32]; // float ambient[4]; // float diffuse[4]; // float specular[4]; // float emissive[4]; // float shininess; // 0.0f - 128.0f float transparency; // 0.0f - 1.0f char mode; // 0, 1, 2 is unused now char texture[128]; // texture.bmp char alphamap[128]; // alpha.bmp } ms3d_material_t; // // save some keyframer data // float fAnimationFPS; // 4 bytes float fCurrentTime; // 4 bytes int iTotalFrames; // 4 bytes // // number of joints // word nNumJoints; // 2 bytes // // Then come nNumJoints joints (the size of joints are dynamic, because each joint has a differnt count of keys // typedef struct // 16 bytes { float time; // time in seconds float rotation[3]; // x, y, z angles } ms3d_keyframe_rot_t; typedef struct // 16 bytes { float time; // time in seconds float position[3]; // local position } ms3d_keyframe_pos_t; typedef struct { byte flags; // SELECTED | DIRTY char name[32]; // char parentName[32]; // float rotation[3]; // local reference matrix float position[3]; word numKeyFramesRot; // word numKeyFramesTrans; // ms3d_keyframe_rot_t keyFramesRot[numKeyFramesRot]; // local animation matrices ms3d_keyframe_pos_t keyFramesTrans[numKeyFramesTrans]; // local animation matrices } ms3d_joint_t; // // Then comes the subVersion of the comments part, which is not available in older files // int subVersion; // subVersion is = 1, 4 bytes // Then comes the numer of group comments unsigned int nNumGroupComments; // 4 bytes // // Then come nNumGroupComments times group comments, which are dynamic, because the comment can be any length // typedef struct { int index; // index of group, material or joint int commentLength; // length of comment (terminating '/0' is not saved), "MC" has comment length of 2 (not 3) char comment[commentLength]; // comment } ms3d_comment_t; // Then comes the number of material comments int nNumMaterialComments; // 4 bytes // // Then come nNumMaterialComments times material comments, which are dynamic, because the comment can be any length // // Then comes the number of joint comments int nNumJointComments; // 4 bytes // // Then come nNumJointComments times joint comments, which are dynamic, because the comment can be any length // // Then comes the number of model comments, which is always 0 or 1 int nHasModelComment; // 4 bytes // // Then come nHasModelComment times model comments, which are dynamic, because the comment can be any length // // Then comes the subversion of the vertex extra information like bone weights, extra etc. int subVersion; // subVersion is = 2, 4 bytes // ms3d_vertex_ex_t for subVersion == 1 typedef struct { char boneIds[3]; // index of joint or -1, if -1, then that weight is ignored, since subVersion 1 byte weights[3]; // vertex weight ranging from 0 - 255, last weight is computed by 1.0 - sum(all weights), since subVersion 1 // weight[0] is the weight for boneId in ms3d_vertex_t // weight[1] is the weight for boneIds[0] // weight[2] is the weight for boneIds[1] // 1.0f - weight[0] - weight[1] - weight[2] is the weight for boneIds[2] } ms3d_vertex_ex_t; // ms3d_vertex_ex_t for subVersion == 2 typedef struct { char boneIds[3]; // index of joint or -1, if -1, then that weight is ignored, since subVersion 1 byte weights[3]; // vertex weight ranging from 0 - 100, last weight is computed by 1.0 - sum(all weights), since subVersion 1 // weight[0] is the weight for boneId in ms3d_vertex_t // weight[1] is the weight for boneIds[0] // weight[2] is the weight for boneIds[1] // 1.0f - weight[0] - weight[1] - weight[2] is the weight for boneIds[2] unsigned int extra; // vertex extra, which can be used as color or anything else, since subVersion 2 } ms3d_vertex_ex_t; // Then comes nNumVertices times ms3d_vertex_ex_t structs (sizeof(ms3d_vertex_ex_t) == 10) // Then comes the subversion of the joint extra information like color etc. int subVersion; // subVersion is = 2, 4 bytes // ms3d_joint_ex_t for subVersion == 1 typedef struct { float color[3]; // joint color, since subVersion == 1 } ms3d_joint_ex_t; // Then comes nNumJoints times ms3d_joint_ex_t structs (sizeof(ms3d_joint_ex_t) == 12) // Then comes the subversion of the model extra information int subVersion; // subVersion is = 1, 4 bytes // ms3d_model_ex_t for subVersion == 1 typedef struct { float jointSize; // joint size, since subVersion == 1 int transparencyMode; // 0 = simple, 1 = depth buffered with alpha ref, 2 = depth sorted triangles, since subVersion == 1 float alphaRef; // alpha reference value for transparencyMode = 1, since subVersion == 1 } ms3d_model_ex_t; #include <poppack.h> // // Mesh Transformation: // // 0. Build the transformation matrices from the rotation and position // 1. Multiply the vertices by the inverse of local reference matrix (lmatrix0) // 2. then translate the result by (lmatrix0 * keyFramesTrans) // 3. then multiply the result by (lmatrix0 * keyFramesRot) // // For normals skip step 2. // // // // NOTE: this file format may change in future versions! // // // - Mete Ciragan //
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