关于内部类

设计一个Shape接口和它的两个实现类Square和Circle 要求：Shape接口中有抽象方法getArea()和getgetPerimeter()，并定义sumArea（）方法返回shape[] a中的面积之和

public class landb {
    private static double sum;
    static shape[] a;
    abstract class shape{
        public abstract double getArea();//面积
        public abstract double getPerimeter();//周长
    }
    class Circle extends shape{
        private double r;
        public Circle(double r) {
            this.r=r;
        }
        public double getArea() {
            return Math.PI*r*r;
        }
        public double getPerimeter() {
            return Math.PI*2*r;
        }
    }
    class Rectangle extends shape{
        private double x;
        private double y;
        public Rectangle(double x,double y) {
            this.x=x;
            this.y=y;
        }
        public double getArea() {
            return x*y;
        }
        public double getPerimeter() {
            return (x+y)*2;
        }
    }
    public static double sumArea(shape[] a) {
        for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
            sum+=a[i].getArea();
        }
        return sum; 
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
        double r1=input.nextDouble();
        double r2=input.nextDouble();
        double x1=input.nextDouble();
        double y1=input.nextDouble();
        double x2=input.nextDouble();
        double y2=input.nextDouble();
        //这里编译出错，因为静态方法无法调用动态方法
        a[0]=new Circle(r1);
        a[1]=new Circle(r2);
        a[2]=new Rectangle(x1,y1);
        a[3]=new Rectangle(x2,y2);

        System.out.println(sumArea(a));
    }
}

错误显示如下

Exception in thread “main” java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem:
No enclosing instance of type landb is accessible. Must qualify the allocation with an enclosing instance of type landb (e.g. x.new A() where x is an instance of landb).

这里因为main函数是由static修饰的，他是静态方法，而静态成员无法调用非静态成员；
这里解决方法有两个：
（1）将内部类定义为外部类（即放在当前类外去定义）
（2）经内部类定义为静态

这里示范一种：
将代码改为这样

abstract class shape{
    public abstract double getArea();//面积
    public abstract double getPerimeter();//周长
}
class Circle extends shape{
    private double r;
    public Circle(double r) {
        this.r=r;
    }
    public double getArea() {
        return Math.PI*r*r;
    }
    public double getPerimeter() {
        return Math.PI*2*r;
    }
}
class Rectangle extends shape{
    private double x;
    private double y;
    public Rectangle(double x,double y) {
        this.x=x;
        this.y=y;
    }
    public double getArea() {
        return x*y;
    }
    public double getPerimeter() {
        return (x+y)*2;
    }
}

public class landb {
    private static double sum;
    static shape[] a;

    public static double sumArea(shape[] a) {
        for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
            sum+=a[i].getArea();
        }
        return sum; 
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
        double r1=input.nextDouble();
        double r2=input.nextDouble();
        double x1=input.nextDouble();
        double y1=input.nextDouble();
        double x2=input.nextDouble();
        double y2=input.nextDouble();

        a[0]=new Circle(r1);
        a[1]=new Circle(r2);
        a[2]=new Rectangle(x1,y1);
        a[3]=new Rectangle(x2,y2);

        System.out.println(sumArea(a));
    }
}