Linux中SysRq的使用

• 1.简介

SysRq 键可以直接从内核输出信息。只要不是禁 止中断状态，即使死机时也可以获取信息。SysRq 键在确认内核运行、调查内核死机原

因等各种情况下都非常有效。

• 2.需要kernel打开CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ选项支持

• 3.内核的源代码位置：

drivers/tty/sysrq.c

• 4.kernel中的实现

static int __init sysrq_init(void)

{

     sysrq_init_procfs();        //注册proc入口

    if (sysrq_on())    //按键的话需要开关控制

        sysrq_register_handler();         //注册按键处理入口

    return 0;

}

module_init(sysrq_init);

sysrq proc的支持：

static void sysrq_init_procfs(void)

{

    if (!proc_create("sysrq-trigger", S_IWUSR, NULL,

             & proc_sysrq_trigger_operations))

        pr_err("Failed to register proc interface\n");

}

static const struct file_operations proc_sysrq_trigger_operations = {

    .write        = write_sysrq_trigger,

    .llseek        = noop_llseek,

};

static ssize_t write_sysrq_trigger(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,

                   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)

{

    if (count) {

        char c;

        if (get_user(c, buf))

            return -EFAULT;

         __handle_sysrq(c, false);

    }

    return count;

}

void __handle_sysrq(int key, bool check_mask)

{

    struct sysrq_key_op *op_p;

    ...

        op_p = __sysrq_get_key_op(key);

        if (op_p) {

        /*

         * Should we check for enabled operations (/proc/sysrq-trigger

         * should not) and is the invoked operation enabled?

         */

        if (!check_mask || sysrq_on_mask(op_p->enable_mask)) {

            printk("%s\n", op_p->action_msg);

            console_loglevel = orig_log_level;

             op_p->handler(key);

        } else {

            printk("This sysrq operation is disabled.\n");

        }

    } 

 ...

}

struct sysrq_key_op * __sysrq_get_key_op(int key)

{

        struct sysrq_key_op *op_p = NULL;

        int i;

    i = sysrq_key_table_key2index(key);

    if (i != -1)

            op_p = sysrq_key_table[i];

        return op_p;

}

static struct sysrq_key_op *sysrq_key_table[36] = {

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 0 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 1 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 2 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 3 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 4 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 5 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 6 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 7 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 8 */

    &sysrq_loglevel_op,        /* 9 */

    /*

     * a: Don't use for system provided sysrqs, it is handled specially on

     * sparc and will never arrive.

     */

    NULL,                /* a */

    & sysrq_reboot_op,        /* b */

    &sysrq_crash_op,        /* c & ibm_emac driver debug */

    &sysrq_showlocks_op,        /* d */

    & sysrq_term_op,            /* e */

    &sysrq_moom_op,            /* f */

    /* g: May be registered for the kernel debugger */

    NULL,                /* g */

    NULL,                /* h - reserved for help */

    & sysrq_kill_op,            /* i */

#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK

    &sysrq_thaw_op,            /* j */

#else

    NULL,                /* j */

#endif

    &sysrq_SAK_op,            /* k */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

    &sysrq_showallcpus_op,        /* l */

#else

    NULL,                /* l */

#endif

    & sysrq_showmem_op,        /* m */

    &sysrq_unrt_op,            /* n */

    /* o: This will often be registered as 'Off' at init time */

    NULL,                /* o */

    &sysrq_showregs_op,        /* p */

    &sysrq_show_timers_op,        /* q */

    &sysrq_unraw_op,        /* r */

    &sysrq_sync_op,            /* s */

    &sysrq_showstate_op,        /* t */

    &sysrq_mountro_op,        /* u */

    /* v: May be registered for frame buffer console restore */

    NULL,                /* v */

    &sysrq_showstate_blocked_op,    /* w */

    /* x: May be registered on ppc/powerpc for xmon */

    /* x: May be registered on sparc64 for global PMU dump */

    NULL,                /* x */

    /* y: May be registered on sparc64 for global register dump */

    NULL,                /* y */

    &sysrq_ftrace_dump_op,        /* z */

}

     

sysrq按键的支持：

首先需要打开开关

打开这个功能，运行:

　　# echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

关闭这个功能:

　　# echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

#ifdef CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ

    {

        .procname    = "sysrq",

        .data        = &__sysrq_enabled,

        .maxlen        = sizeof (int),

        .mode        = 0644,

        .proc_handler    = sysrq_sysctl_handler,

    },

#endif

int sysrq_toggle_support(int enable_mask)

{

    bool was_enabled = sysrq_on();

    sysrq_enabled = enable_mask;

    if (was_enabled != sysrq_on()) {

        if (sysrq_on())

             sysrq_register_handler();

        else

             sysrq_unregister_handler();

    }

    return 0;

}

由实现可以看出支持动态打开和关闭

注册sysrq按键处理函数：

static inline void sysrq_register_handler(void)

{

    int error;

    error = input_register_handler(&sysrq_handler);

    if (error)

        pr_err("Failed to register input handler, error %d", error);

    else

        sysrq_handler_registered = true;

}

static struct input_handler sysrq_handler = {

    .filter        = sysrq_filter,   //哪些消息给sysrq去处理

    .connect    = sysrq_connect,

    .disconnect    = sysrq_disconnect,

    .name        = "sysrq",

    .id_table    = sysrq_ids,

};

static bool sysrq_filter(struct input_handle *handle,

             unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)

{

    ...

        default:

            if (sysrq->active && value && value != 2) {

                sysrq->need_reinject = false;

                 __handle_sysrq(sysrq_xlate[code], true);

            }

            break;

        }

    ....

}

可以看出sysrq按键最终和proc一样都是调用 __handle_sysrq（）来处理

• 5.使用实例

sysrq: SysRq : HELP : loglevel(0-9) reboot(b) crash(c) terminate-all-tasks(e) memory-full-oom-kill(f) kill-all-tasks(i) thaw-filesystems(j) sak(k) show-backtrace-all-active-cpus(l) show-memory-usage(m) nice-all-R

查看内存信息：

# echo 'm' > /proc/sysrq-trigger

重启：

# echo 'b' > /proc/sysrq-trigger