C#.net编写摄像头驱动程序，用avicap32.dll

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 15:49:07 发布

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作者：zzmdegm

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zzmdegm/article/details/1915364

装了摄像头后一般会有 avicap32.dll文件，没有一样可以用这些代码。

不需要在解决方案里面引用这个.dll文件。

下面有二种写法的例子：

例一：

using System;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Drawing.Imaging;

namespace WinVideo

{

/// <summary>

/// webcam 的摘要说明。

/// </summary>

public class webcam

{

private const int WM_USER=0x400;

private const int WS_CHILD=0x40000000;

private const int WS_VISIBLE=0x10000000;

private const int WM_CAP_START=WM_USER;

private const int WM_CAP_STOP=WM_CAP_START + 68;

private const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT=WM_CAP_START + 10;

private const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT=WM_CAP_START + 11;

private const int WM_CAP_SAVEDIB=WM_CAP_START + 25;

private const int WM_CAP_GRAB_FRAME=WM_CAP_START + 60;

private const int WM_CAP_SEQUENCE=WM_CAP_START + 62;

private const int WM_CAP_FILE_SET_CAPTURE_FILEA=WM_CAP_START + 20;

private const int WM_CAP_SEQUENCE_NOFILE=WM_CAP_START+ 63;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_OVERLAY=WM_CAP_START+ 51;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW=WM_CAP_START+ 50;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_VIDEOSTREAM=WM_CAP_START +6;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_ERROR=WM_CAP_START +2;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_STATUSA=WM_CAP_START +3;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_FRAME=WM_CAP_START +5;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_SCALE=WM_CAP_START+ 53;

private const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE=WM_CAP_START+ 52;

private IntPtr hWndC;

private bool bStat = false;

private IntPtr mControlPtr;

private int mWidth;

private int mHeight;

private int mLeft;

private int mTop;

private string GrabImagePath="";

private string KinescopePath="";

/// <summary>

/// 初始化摄像头

/// </summary>

/// <param name="handle">控件的句柄</param>

/// <param name="left">开始显示的左边距</param>

/// <param name="top">开始显示的上边距</param>

/// <param name="width">要显示的宽度</param>

/// <param name="height">要显示的长度</param>

public webcam(IntPtr handle,int left,int top,int width,int height)

{

mControlPtr=handle;

mWidth=width;

mHeight=height;

mLeft=left;

mTop=top;

}

"属性设置"

[DllImport("avicap32.dll")]

private static extern IntPtr capCreateCaptureWindowA(byte[] lpszWindowName,int dwStyle,int x,int y,int nWidth,int nHeight,IntPtr hWndParent,int nID);

[DllImport("avicap32.dll")]

private static extern int capGetVideoFormat(IntPtr hWnd,IntPtr psVideoFormat,int wSize );

[DllImport("User32.dll")]

private static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd,int wMsg,int wParam,long lParam);

/// <summary>

/// 开始显示图像

/// </summary>

public void Start()

{

if(bStat)

return;

bStat=true;

byte[] lpszName=new byte[100];

hWndC=capCreateCaptureWindowA(lpszName,WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE ,mLeft,mTop,mWidth,mHeight,mControlPtr,0);

if (hWndC.ToInt32()!=0)

{

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_VIDEOSTREAM,0,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_ERROR,0,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_STATUSA,0,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT,0,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_SCALE,1,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE,66,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_OVERLAY,1,0);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW,1,0);

}

return;

}

/// <summary>

/// 停止显示

/// </summary>

public void Stop()

{

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT,0,0);

bStat=false;

}

/// <summary>

/// 抓图

/// </summary>

/// <param name="path">要保存bmp文件的路径</param>

public void GrabImage()

{

IntPtr hBmp=Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(GrabImagePath);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SAVEDIB,0,hBmp.ToInt64());

}

/// <summary>

/// 录像

/// </summary>

/// <param name="path">要保存avi文件的路径</param>

public void Kinescope()

{

IntPtr hBmp=Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(KinescopePath);

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_FILE_SET_CAPTURE_FILEA,0,hBmp.ToInt64());

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_SEQUENCE,0,0);

}

/// <summary>

/// 停止录像

/// </summary>

public void StopKinescope()

{

SendMessage(hWndC,WM_CAP_STOP,0,0);

}

对该类的调用：

public webcam wcam = null ;

private void Form1_Load( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

start();

this.btnKinescopeStop.Enabled=false;

}

private void btnStar_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

wcam.Start();

}

private void btnStop_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

wcam.Stop();

}

private void btnSnapPic_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

//得到路径。例：d:/a.bmp

string myPath=this.txtPath.Text;

if(myPath=="")

{

MessageBox.Show("必须填写路径！");

return;

}

else

{

wcam.grabImagePath=myPath;

wcam.GrabImage();

MessageBox.Show("截图成功！");

}

public void start()

{

//以panel1为容器显示视频内容

wcam=new webcam(panel1.Handle,0,0,this.panel1.Width,this.panel1.Height);

wcam.Start();

}

private void panel1_SizeChanged( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

wcam.Stop();

wcam.Height=this.panel1.Height;

wcam.Width=this.panel1.Width;

wcam.Start();

}

private delegate void delegateKinescope();

private void btnKinescopeBegin_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

//得到路径。例：d:/a.avi

string myPath=this.txtPath.Text;

if(myPath=="")

{

MessageBox.Show("必须填写路径！");

return;

}

else

{

wcam.kinescopePath=myPath;

delegateKinescope myK=new delegateKinescope(wcam.Kinescope);

Thread threadKinescope=new Thread(new ThreadStart(myK));

threadKinescope.Start();

this.btnKinescopeBegin.Enabled=false;

this.btnKinescopeStop.Enabled=true;

}

public void starKinescope()

{

delegateKinescope myK=new delegateKinescope(wcam.Kinescope);

}

private void btnKinescopeStop_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

wcam.StopKinescope();

this.btnKinescopeBegin.Enabled=true;

this.btnKinescopeStop.Enabled=false;

}

例二：

using System;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace webcam

{

/**////

/// avicap 的摘要说明。

///

public class showVideo

{

// showVideo calls

[DllImport("avicap32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr capCreateCaptureWindowA(byte[] lpszWindowName, int dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, IntPtr hWndParent, int nID);

[DllImport("avicap32.dll")] public static extern bool capGetDriverDescriptionA(short wDriver, byte[] lpszName, int cbName, byte[] lpszVer, int cbVer);

[DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int wMsg, bool wParam, int lParam);

[DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int wMsg, short wParam, int lParam);

[DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int wMsg, short wParam, FrameEventHandler lParam);

[DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int wMsg, int wParam, ref BITMAPINFO lParam);

[DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern int SetWindowPos(IntPtr hWnd, int hWndInsertAfter, int x, int y, int cx, int cy, int wFlags);

[DllImport("avicap32.dll")]public static extern int capGetVideoFormat(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr psVideoFormat, int wSize );

// Constants

public const int WM_USER = 0x400;

public const int WS_CHILD = 0x40000000;

public const int WS_VISIBLE = 0x10000000;

public const int SWP_NOMOVE = 0x2;

public const int SWP_NOZORDER = 0x4;

public const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT = WM_USER + 10;

public const int WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT = WM_USER + 11;

public const int WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_FRAME = WM_USER + 5;

public const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW = WM_USER + 50;

public const int WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE = WM_USER + 52;

public const int WM_CAP_SET_VIDEOFORMAT = WM_USER + 45;

// Structures

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct VIDEOHDR

{

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int lpData;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int dwBufferLength;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int dwBytesUsed;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int dwTimeCaptured;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int dwUser;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public int dwFlags;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)] public int[] dwReserved;

}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct BITMAPINFOHEADER

{

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biSize ;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biWidth ;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biHeight ;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I2)] public short biPlanes;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I2)] public short biBitCount ;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biCompression;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biSizeImage;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biXPelsPerMeter;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biYPelsPerMeter;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biClrUsed;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.I4)] public Int32 biClrImportant;

}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct BITMAPINFO

{

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct, SizeConst=40)] public BITMAPINFOHEADER bmiHeader;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=1024)] public Int32[] bmiColors;

}

public delegate void FrameEventHandler(IntPtr lwnd, IntPtr lpVHdr);

// Public methods

public static object GetStructure(IntPtr ptr,ValueType structure)

{

return Marshal.PtrToStructure(ptr,structure.GetType());

}

public static object GetStructure(int ptr,ValueType structure)

{

return GetStructure(new IntPtr(ptr),structure);

}

public static void Copy(IntPtr ptr,byte[] data)

{

Marshal.Copy(ptr,data,0,data.Length);

}

public static void Copy(int ptr,byte[] data)

{

Copy(new IntPtr(ptr),data);

}

public static int SizeOf(object structure)

{

return Marshal.SizeOf(structure);

}

//Web Camera Class

public class WebCamera

{

// Constructur

public WebCamera(IntPtr handle, int width,int height)

{

mControlPtr = handle;

mWidth = width;

mHeight = height;

}

// delegate for frame callback

public delegate void RecievedFrameEventHandler(byte[] data);

public event RecievedFrameEventHandler RecievedFrame;

private IntPtr lwndC; // Holds the unmanaged handle of the control

private IntPtr mControlPtr; // Holds the managed pointer of the control

private int mWidth;

private int mHeight;

private showVideo.FrameEventHandler mFrameEventHandler; // Delegate instance for the frame callback - must keep alive! gc should NOT collect it

// Close the web camera

public void CloseWebcam()

{

this.capDriverDisconnect(this.lwndC);

}

// start the web camera

public void StartWebCam()

{

byte[] lpszName = new byte[100];

byte[] lpszVer = new byte[100];

showVideo.capGetDriverDescriptionA(0, lpszName, 100,lpszVer, 100);

this.lwndC = showVideo.capCreateCaptureWindowA(lpszName, showVideo.WS_VISIBLE + showVideo.WS_CHILD, 0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, mControlPtr, 0);

if (this.capDriverConnect(this.lwndC, 0))

{

this.capPreviewRate(this.lwndC, 66);

this.capPreview(this.lwndC, true);

showVideo.BITMAPINFO bitmapinfo = new showVideo.BITMAPINFO();

bitmapinfo.bmiHeader.biSize = showVideo.SizeOf(bitmapinfo.bmiHeader);

bitmapinfo.bmiHeader.biWidth = 352;

bitmapinfo.bmiHeader.biHeight = 288;

bitmapinfo.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;

bitmapinfo.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 24;

this.capSetVideoFormat(this.lwndC, ref bitmapinfo, showVideo.SizeOf(bitmapinfo));

this.mFrameEventHandler = new showVideo.FrameEventHandler(FrameCallBack);

this.capSetCallbackOnFrame(this.lwndC, this.mFrameEventHandler);

showVideo.SetWindowPos(this.lwndC, 0, 0, 0, mWidth , mHeight , 6);

}

// private functions

private bool capDriverConnect(IntPtr lwnd, short i)

{

return showVideo.SendMessage(lwnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_DRIVER_CONNECT, i, 0);

}

private bool capDriverDisconnect(IntPtr lwnd)

{

return showVideo.SendMessage(lwnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_DRIVER_DISCONNECT, 0, 0);

}

private bool capPreview(IntPtr lwnd, bool f)

{return showVideo.SendMessage(lwnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEW , f, 0);}

private bool capPreviewRate(IntPtr lwnd, short wMS)

{

return showVideo.SendMessage(lwnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_SET_PREVIEWRATE, wMS, 0);

}

private bool capSetCallbackOnFrame(IntPtr lwnd, showVideo.FrameEventHandler lpProc)

{

return showVideo.SendMessage(lwnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_FRAME, 0, lpProc);

}

private bool capSetVideoFormat(IntPtr hCapWnd, ref showVideo.BITMAPINFO BmpFormat, int CapFormatSize)

{

return showVideo.SendMessage(hCapWnd, showVideo.WM_CAP_SET_VIDEOFORMAT, CapFormatSize, ref BmpFormat);

}

private void FrameCallBack(IntPtr lwnd, IntPtr lpVHdr)

{

showVideo.VIDEOHDR videoHeader = new showVideo.VIDEOHDR();

byte[] VideoData;

videoHeader = (showVideo.VIDEOHDR)showVideo.GetStructure(lpVHdr,videoHeader);

VideoData = new byte[videoHeader.dwBytesUsed];

showVideo.Copy(videoHeader.lpData ,VideoData);

if (this.RecievedFrame != null)

this.RecievedFrame (VideoData);

}

调用代码：

WebCamera wc;

private void Form1_Load( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

b_play.Enabled = false;

b_stop.Enabled = true;

panelPreview.Size = new Size(330,330);

wc = new WebCamera( panelPreview.Handle,panelPreview.Width,panelPreview.Height);

wc.StartWebCam();

}

private void button1_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

b_play.Enabled = false;

b_stop.Enabled = true;

panelPreview.Size = new Size(330,330);

wc = new WebCamera( panelPreview.Handle,panelPreview.Width,panelPreview.Height);

wc.StartWebCam();

}

private void b_stop_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

b_play.Enabled = true;

b_stop.Enabled = false;

wc.CloseWebcam();

}

另提供一种把显示的视频转成Image对象的方法：
using System.Windows.Forms;
//捕获视频成Image对象
public Image CatchVideo()
{
//SendMessage(this.hHwnd, 0x41e, 0, 0);
SendMessage(this.hWndC, 0x41e, 0, 0);

IDataObject obj1 = Clipboard.GetDataObject();
Image getIma = null;
if (obj1.GetDataPresent(typeof(Bitmap)))
{
Image image1 = (Image)obj1.GetData(typeof(Bitmap));
getIma = image1;
}
return getIma;
}

例一在转到2005后会报错：
检测到 PInvokeStackImbalance
Message: 对 PInvoke 函数“WindowsApplication1!UserLib.Device.PCCamera::SendMessage”的调用导致堆栈不对称。原因可能是托管的 PInvoke 签名与非托管的目标签名不匹配。请检查 PInvoke 签名的调用约定和参数与非托管的目标签名是否匹配。
错误首次发生在这一行代码: SendMessage(hWndC, WM_CAP_SET_CALLBACK_VIDEOSTREAM, 0, 0);
经过分析发现所有调用SendMessage函数的地方都会出现以上错误
于是查看DLLImport:
[DllImport("User32.dll")]
private static extern bool SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int wMsg, int wParam, long lParam);
原来是因为WinAPI的long类型是32位的,而C#的long是64位的,这就导致堆栈不对称,引发错误.

原因:(http://discuss.develop.com/archives/wa.exe?A2=ind0512c&L=dotnet-winforms&D=0&T=0&P=8094)
在.NET2.0中加入了MDA(managed debugging assistant), 在平台调用时后会检查栈的指针, 如果发现不平衡, 就会抛出PInvokeStackImbalance异常; 而在.NET1.1中不会检查, 所以不会捕获到异常, 但在运行时会导致不稳定.

解决方法:
将最后一个”long lParam” 改为 “int wParam”, 因为C#中int是32位的. 并且将之后有涉及到SendMessage函数的参数适当地转成int型就可以了.
但是, 之后查阅了资料http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/user32/SendMessage.html
发现先前的解决方案还有不合适的地方, 应该将其中的 ”wParm” 和 ”lParm” 参数的类型都转成IntPtr类型,并且将后面涉及到的参数的 ”0” 改为 “IntPtr.Zero”. 因为如果使用int类型,那么这段代码在64位的Windows上面将会无法正常运行.

总结:
我们在调用WinAPI时要特别小心, 因为WinAPI和C#的数据类型不是完全一样, 就好像在WinAPI中的long类型在C#中就是int类型, 如果没有处理好类型问题, 就很可能会导致堆栈的不平衡,引发PInvokeStackImbalance错误, 但是这类错误在.NET1.1下不会被暴露出来, 所以在从.NET1.1升级到.NET2.0时要特别注意此类问题.

另提供一种把显示的视频转成Image对象的方法：
using System.Windows.Forms;
//捕获视频成Image对象
public Image CatchVideo()
{