一、if
(一)、单if语句 适用范围:一步判断条件,条件正确时做什么,条件错误时做什么
if 【condition】 #condition值为true or false
then
commands
fi
大意:
如果条件为真
那么
执行commands
结束
例:
(二)、if-then-else语句 适用范围:两步判断,条件为真时做什么,条件为假时做什么
if [condition]
then
commands1
else
commands1
fi
大意:
如果条件为真
那么
执行commands1
否则
执行commands2
结束
例:
(三)、if-then-elif语句 适用范围:多于两个以上的判断。
if [condition1]
then
commands1
elif [condition2]
then
commands2
………
else
conmmandsx
fi
大意:
如果条件1为真
那么
执行commands1
如果条件2为真
执行commands2
以此类推n个条件及对应的命令
否则 (以上所有条件均不满足)
执行commandsx
结束
例:
四、
case $变量名in
”值1")
如果变量的值等于值1,则执行程序1
;;
"值2")
如果变量的值等于值2,则执行程序2
...省略其他分支...
*)
如果变量的值都不是以上的值,则执行此程序
esac
举例:
#!/bin/bash
#判断用户输入
read -p "please choose yes/no:" -t 30 cho
case $cho in
"yes")
echo "your choose is yes!"
;;
"no") echo "your choose is no!"
;;
*)
echo "your choose is error!"
;;
esac
[root@localhost sh]# bash case.sh
please choose yes/no:yes
your choose is yes!
[root@localhost sh]# bash case.sh
please choose yes/no:no
your choose is no!
[root@localhost sh]# bash case.sh
please choose yes/no:bcsdh
your choose is error!
二、for
(一)
for 变量 in 值1 值2 值3...
do
程序
done
举例:
#!/bin/bash
#打印时间
for time in morning noon afternoon evening
do
echo "this time is $time!"
done
[root@localhost sh]# bash for1.sh
this time is morning!
this time is noon!
this time is afternoon!
this time is evening!
(二)
for ((初始值;循环控制条件;变量变化))
do
程序
done
举例:
#!/bin/bash
#从1加到100
s=0
for ((i=1;i<=100;i=i+1))
do
s=$(($s+$i))
done
echo "the sum of 1+2+...+100 is:$s"
[root@localhost sh]# bash for3.sh
the sum of 1+2+…+100 is:5050
举例②:
[root@localhost sh]# vim for4.sh
#!/bin/bash
#批量添加指定数量的用户
read -p "Please input user name: " -t 30 name
read -p "Please input the number of users: " -t 30 num
read -p "Please input the password of users: " -t 30 pass
if [ ! -z "$name" -a ! -z "$num" -a ! -z "$pass" ]
then
y=$(echo $num | sed 's/[0-9]//g')
if [ -z "$y" ]
then
for (( i=1;i<=$num;i=i+1 ))
do
useradd $name$i &>/dev/null
echo $pass | /usr/bin/passwd --stdin $name$i &>/dev/null
done
fi
fi
[root@localhost sh]# bash for4.sh
Please input user name: user
Please input the number of users: 5
Please input the password of users: 000000
[root@localhost sh]# cat /etc/passwd
user1:1000:1000::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:1001:1001::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:1002:1002::/home/user3:/bin/bash
user4:1003:1003::/home/user4:/bin/bash
user5:1004:1004::/home/user5:/bin/bash
三、while
while [ 条件判断式 ]
do
程序
done
举例:
[root@localhost sh]# vim while.sh
#!/bin/bash
#从1加到100
i=1
s=0
while [ $i -le 100 ]
#如果变量i的值小于等于100.则执行循环
do
s=$(( $s+$i ))
i=$(( $i+1 ))
done
echo "the sum is: $s"
[root@localhost sh]# bash while.sh
the sum is: 5050
until
until [ 条件判断式 ]
do
程序
done
举例:
#!/bin/bash
#从1加到100
i=1
s=0
until [ $i -gt 100 ]
#循环直到变量i的值大于100,就停止循环
do
s=$(( $s+$i ))
i=$(( $i+1 ))
done
echo "The sum is: $s"
[root@localhost sh]# bash until.sh
The sum is: 5050