A matrix cheatsheet between matlab and numpy

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-27 12:14:09 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-05-27 12:14:09 发布
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  It is very useful to know some difference between matlab and numpy in doing matrix operations. I found the below

matlab and numpy comparison table when I want to write some small programs to do some computation. So I just paste the table here for further looking up. I think it is very useful. Hope someone will like it also.


Note: in order to use "numpy" as "np" as shown in the table, you need to import NumPy like this:

import numpy as np  

  MATLAB/Octave NumPy
Creating Matrices 
(here: 3x3 matrix)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
A =
   1   2   3
   4   5   6
   7   8   9		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> A
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6],
       [7, 8, 9]])
Getting the dimension
of a matrix
(here: 2D, rows x cols)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6]
A =
   1   2   3
   4   5   6
>> size(A)
ans =
   2   3		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6] ])
>> A
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]])
>> A.shape
(2, 3)
Selecting rows  >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]

% first row
>> A(1,:)
ans =
   1   2   3

% first 2 rows
>> A(1:2,:)
ans =
   1   2   3
   4   5   6		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])

# first row
>> A[0,:]
array([1, 2, 3])

# first 2 rows
>> A[0:2,:]
array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
Selecting columns >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]

% first column
>> A(:,1)
ans =
   1
   4
   7

% first 2 columns
>> A(:,1:2)
ans =
   1   2
   4   5
   7   8		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])

# first column (as row vector)
>> A[:,0]
array([1, 4, 7])

# first column (as column vector)
>> A[:,[0]]
array([[1],
       [4],
       [7]])

# first 2 columns
>> A[:,0:2]
array([[1, 2], 
       [4, 5], 
       [7, 8]])
Extracting rows and
columns by criteria
(here: get rows 
that have value 9
in column 3)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 9; 7 8 9]
A =
   1   2   3
   4   5   9
   7   8   9
>> A(A(:,3) == 9,:)
ans =
   4   5   9
   7   8   9		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,9], [7,8,9]])
>> A
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 9],
       [7, 8, 9]])
>>> A[A[:,2] == 9]
array([[4, 5, 9],
       [7, 8, 9]])
Accessing elements
(here: first element)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A(1,1)
ans =  1		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> A[0,0]
1
Creating an
1D column vector		 >> a = [1; 2; 3]
a =
   1
   2
   3		 >> a = np.array([[1],[2],[3]])
>> a
array([[1],
       [2],
       [3]])
Creating an
1D row vector		 >> b = [1 2 3]
b =
   1   2   3		 >> b = np.array([1,2,3])
>> b
array([1, 2, 3])
Converting 
row to column vectors		 >> b = [1 2 3]'
b =
   1
   2
   3		 >> b = np.array([1, 2, 3])
>> b = b[np.newaxis].T
# alternatively  b = b[:,np.newaxis]
>> b
array([[1],
       [2],
       [3]])
Reshaping Matrices
(here: 3x3 matrix to row vector)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
A =
   1   2   3
   4   5   6
   7   8   9
>> total_elements = numel(A)
>> B = reshape(A,1,total_elements) 
% or reshape(A,1,9)
B =
   1   4   7   2   5   8   3   6   9		 >> A = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
>> A
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 9],
       [7, 8, 9]])
>> total_elements = A.shape[0] * A.shape[1]
>> B = A.reshape(1, total_elements) 
# or A.reshape(1,9)
# Alternative: A.shape = (1,9) 
# to change the array in place
>> B
array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])
Concatenating matrices >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6]
>> B = [7 8 9; 10 11 12]
>> C = [A; B]
    1    2    3
    4    5    6
    7    8    9
   10   11   12		 >> A = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
>> B = np.array([[7, 8, 9],[10,11,12]])
>> C = np.concatenate((A, B), axis=0)
>> C
array([[ 1, 2, 3], 
       [ 4, 5, 6], 
       [ 7, 8, 9], 
       [10, 11, 12]])
Stacking 
vectors and matrices		 >> a = [1 2 3]
>> b = [4 5 6]

>> c = [a' b']
c =
   1   4
   2   5
   3   6

>> c = [a; b]
c =
   1   2   3
   4   5   6		 >> a = np.array([1,2,3])
>> b = np.array([4,5,6])

>> np.c_[a,b]
array([[1, 4],
       [2, 5],
       [3, 6]])

>> np.r_[a,b]
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]])
Creating a 
random m x n matrix		 >> rand(3,2)
ans =
   0.21977   0.10220
   0.38959   0.69911
   0.15624   0.65637		 >> np.random.rand(3,2)
array([[ 0.29347865,  0.17920462],
       [ 0.51615758,  0.64593471],
       [ 0.01067605,  0.09692771]])
Creating a
zero m x n matrix 		 >> zeros(3,2)
ans =
   0   0
   0   0
   0   0		 >> np.zeros((3,2))
array([[ 0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.]])
Creating an
m x n matrix of ones		 >> ones(3,2)
ans =
   1   1
   1   1
   1   1		 >> np.ones([3,2])
array([[ 1.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  1.]])
Creating an
identity matrix		 >> eye(3)
ans =
Diagonal Matrix
   1   0   0
   0   1   0
   0   0   1		 >> np.eye(3)
array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])
Creating a
diagonal matrix		 >> a = [1 2 3]
>> diag(a)
ans =
Diagonal Matrix
   1   0   0
   0   2   0
   0   0   3		 >> a = np.array([1,2,3])
>> np.diag(a)
array([[1, 0, 0],
       [0, 2, 0],
       [0, 0, 3]])
Matrix-scalar
operations		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A * 2
ans =
    2    4    6
    8   10   12
   14   16   18
>> A + 2
>> A - 2
>> A / 2		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> A * 2
array([[ 2,  4,  6],
       [ 8, 10, 12],
       [14, 16, 18]])
>> A + 2
>> A - 2
>> A / 2
Matrix-matrix
multiplication		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A * A
ans =
    30    36    42
    66    81    96
   102   126   150		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> np.dot(A,A) # or A.dot(A)
array([[ 30,  36,  42],
       [ 66,  81,  96],
       [102, 126, 150]])
Matrix-vector
multiplication		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> B = [ 1; 2; 3 ]
>> A * B
ans =
   14
   32
   50		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> B = np.array([ [1], [2], [3] ])
>> np.dot(A,B) # or A.dot(B)

array([[14], [32], [50]])
Element-wise 
matrix-matrix 
operations		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A .* A
ans =
    1    4    9
   16   25   36
   49   64   81

>> A .+ A
>> A .- A
>> A ./ A		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> A * A
array([[ 1,  4,  9],
       [16, 25, 36],
       [49, 64, 81]])

>> A + A
>> A - A
>> A / A
Matrix elements 
to power n		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A.^2
ans =
    1    4    9
   16   25   36
   49   64   81		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> np.power(A,2)
array([[ 1,  4,  9],
       [16, 25, 36],
       [49, 64, 81]])
Matrix to power n
(matrix-matrix 
multiplication
with itself)		 >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A ^ 2
ans =
    30    36    42
    66    81    96
   102   126   150		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>>> np.linalg.matrix_power(A,2)
array([[ 30,  36,  42],
       [ 66,  81,  96],
       [102, 126, 150]])
Matrix transpose >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> A'
ans =
   1   4   7
   2   5   8
   3   6   9		 >> A = np.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
>> A.T
array([[1, 4, 7],
       [2, 5, 8],
       [3, 6, 9]])
Determinant of a matrix:
 A -> |A|		 >> A = [6 1 1; 4 -2 5; 2 8 7]
A =
   6   1   1
   4  -2   5
   2   8   7
>> det(A)
ans = -306		 >> A = np.array([[6,1,1],[4,-2,5],[2,8,7]])
>> A
array([[ 6,  1,  1],
       [ 4, -2,  5],
       [ 2,  8,  7]])
>> np.linalg.det(A)
-306.0
Inverse of a matrix >> A = [4 7; 2 6]
A =
   4   7
   2   6
>> I = [1 0; 0 1]
I =
   1   0
   0   1
>> A_inv = inv(A)
A_inv =
   0.60000  -0.70000
  -0.20000   0.40000		 >> A = np.array([[4, 7], [2, 6]])
>> A
array([[4, 7], 
       [2, 6]])
>> I = np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]])
>> I
array([[1, 0], 
       [0, 1]])
>> A_inverse = np.linalg.inv(A)
>> A_inverse
array([[ 0.6, -0.7], 
       [-0.2, 0.4]])

# A * A^-1 should yield the Identity matrix
assert(np.dot(A, A_inverse).all() == I.all())
Calculating a 
covariance matrix 
of 3 random variables
(here: covariances of 
the means 
of x1, x2, and x3)		 >> x1 = [4.0000 4.2000 3.9000 4.3000 4.1000]’
>> x2 = [2.0000 2.1000 2.0000 2.1000 2.2000]'
>> x3 = [0.60000 0.59000 0.58000 0.62000 0.63000]’

>> cov( [x1,x2,x3] )
ans =
   2.5000e-02   7.5000e-03   1.7500e-03
   7.5000e-03   7.0000e-03   1.3500e-03
   1.7500e-03   1.3500e-03   4.3000e-04		 >> x1 = np.array([ 4, 4.2, 3.9, 4.3, 4.1])
>> x2 = np.array([ 2, 2.1, 2, 2.1, 2.2])
>> x3 = np.array([ 0.6, 0.59, 0.58, 0.62, 0.63])
>> np.cov([x1, x2, x3])
array([[ 0.025  ,  0.0075 ,  0.00175],
       [ 0.0075 ,  0.007  ,  0.00135],
       [ 0.00175,  0.00135,  0.00043]])
Calculating 
eigenvectors and 
eigenvalues		 >> A = [3 1; 1 3]
A =
   3   1
   1   3

>> [eig_vec,eig_val] = eig(A)
eig_vec =
  -0.70711   0.70711
   0.70711   0.70711
eig_val =
Diagonal Matrix
   2   0
   0   4		 >> A = np.array([[3, 1], [1, 3]])
>> A
array([[3, 1],
       [1, 3]])

>> eig_val, eig_vec = np.linalg.eig(A)
>> eig_val
array([ 4.,  2.])
>> eig_vec
array([[ 0.70710678, -0.70710678],
       [ 0.70710678,  0.70710678]])
Generating a Gaussion dataset:
creating random vectors from the multivariate normal
distribution given mean and covariance matrix(here: 5 random vectors with 
mean 0, covariance = 0, variance = 2)		 % requires statistics toolbox package
% how to install and load it in Octave:

% download the package from: 
% http://octave.sourceforge.net/packages.php
% pkg install 
%     ~/Desktop/io-2.0.2.tar.gz  
% pkg install 
%     ~/Desktop/statistics-1.2.3.tar.gz

>> pkg load statistics
>> mean = [0 0]
>> cov = [2 0; 0 2]
cov =
   2   0
   0   2
>> mvnrnd(mean,cov,5)
   2.480150  -0.559906
  -2.933047   0.560212
   0.098206   3.055316
  -0.985215  -0.990936
   1.122528   0.686977
    		 >> mean = np.array([0,0])
>> cov = np.array([[2,0],[0,2]])
>> np.random.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 5)

array([[ 1.55432624, -1.17972629], 
       [-2.01185294, 1.96081908], 
       [-2.11810813, 1.45784216], 
       [-2.93207591, -0.07369322], 
       [-1.37031244, -1.18408792]])

refer to: Moving from MATLAB matrices to NumPy arrays


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