227. Basic Calculator II

Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.

The expression string contains only non-negative integers, +, -, *, / operators and empty spaces . The integer division should truncate toward zero.

Example 1:

Input: "3+2*2"
Output: 7

Example 2:

Input: " 3/2 "
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: " 3+5 / 2 "
Output: 5

Note:

1. You may assume that the given expression is always valid.
2. Do not use the eval built-in library function.

方法1: stack

思路：

在Basic Calculator的基础上如何修改呢？回忆一下那道题：遇到左括号推栈，遇到右括号弹栈，而且是operator和operand各用一个栈。这道题虽然也是栈，但原则完全不一样。这里只用一个栈，用来存数字。操作如下：

1. 遇到加减法的时候，将operator * operand　算好压栈。
2. 遇到乘除法，取栈顶元素与当前元素运算，结果再压回栈。
3. 结束时所有元素依次出栈并求和。

class Solution {
public:
    int calculate(string s) {
        stack<int> st;
        long num = 0; 
        int result = 0;
        int op ='+';
        
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
            char c = s[i];
            if (isdigit(c)) {
                num = num * 10 + c - '0';
            }
            if (!isdigit(c) && !isspace(c) || i == s.size() - 1){
                if (op == '+') st.push(num);
                if (op == '-') st.push(-num);
                if (op == '*' || op == '/') {
                    int top = st.top();
                    st.pop();
                    if (op == '*') st.push(top * num);
                    if (op == '/') st.push(top / num);
                }
                op = s[i];
                num = 0;
            }
        }
        
        while (!st.empty()) {
            result += st.top();
            st.pop();
        }
        return result;
    }
};