一、管道读写注意点
1.只有在管道读端存在时,向管道写入才有意义;否则,会收到内核中的出错信号:SIFPIPE
2.向管道写入数据时不保证写入的原子性,管道缓冲区一有空闲区域,写进程就试图向其写入内容。若读进程不读取管道中的内容,则写进程会一直阻塞。
3.父子进程在运行时,它们的先后顺序得不到保证。因此在这里,为保证父进程关闭读描述符,可向子进程加入sleep(2)。
二、实例
1.无名管道
- /*pipe_rw.c*/
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- int main()
- {
- int pipe_fd[2];
- pid_t pid;
- char buf_r[100];
- char* p_wbuf;
- int r_num;
- memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
- if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0)
- {
- printf("pipe create error\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if((pid=fork())==0) //若是子进程
- {
- printf("\n");
- /*关闭子进程管道写端。睡眠2秒,确保父进程已相应地关闭了管道读端*/
- close(pipe_fd[1]);
- sleep(2);
- /*子进程读取管道内容*/
- if((r_num=read(pipe_fd[0],buf_r,100))>0){
- printf( "%d numbers read from the pipe is %s\n",r_num,buf_r);
- }
- /*关闭子进程读端*/
- close(pipe_fd[0]);
- exit(0);
- }
- else if(pid>0)
- { /*关闭父进程读端*/
- close(pipe_fd[0]);
- /*分两次向管道写入数据*/
- if(write(pipe_fd[1],"Hello",5)!=-1)
- printf("parent write1 success!\n");
- if(write(pipe_fd[1]," Pipe",5)!=-1)
- printf("parent write2 success!\n");
- /*关闭父进程写端并睡眠3秒,让子进程读数据*/
- close(pipe_fd[1]);
- sleep(3);
- /*收集子进程退出信息*/
- waitpid(pid,NULL,0);
- exit(0);
- }
- }
- [root@localhost ipc]# ./pipe_rw
- parent write1 success!
- parent write2 success!
- 10 numbers read from the pipe is Hello Pipe<span style="font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;">
- </span></span>
2.有名管道
- /*fifo_write.c*/
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #define FIFO_SERVER "/tmp/myfifo"
- main(int argc,char** argv)
- {
- int fd;
- char w_buf[100];
- int nwrite;
- if(fd==-1)
- if(errno==ENXIO)
- printf("open error; no reading process\n");
- /*打开有名管道,并设置为非阻塞*/
- fd=open(FIFO_SERVER,O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
- if(argc==1)
- printf("Please send something\n");
- strcpy(w_buf,argv[1]);
- /*向管道写入字符串*/
- if((nwrite=write(fd,w_buf,100))==-1)
- {
- if(errno==EAGAIN)
- printf("The FIFO has not been read yet.Please try later\n");
- }
- else
- printf("write %s to the FIFO\n",w_buf);
- }
- /*fifo_read.c*/
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"
- main(int argc,char** argv)
- {
- char buf_r[100];
- int fd;
- int nread;
- /*创建有名管道,并设置相应的权限*/
- if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
- printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");
- printf("Preparing for reading bytes...\n");
- memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
- /*打开有名管道,并设置非阻塞标志*/
- fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
- if(fd==-1)
- {
- perror("open");
- exit(1);
- }
- while(1)
- {
- memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
- /*读取管道中的字符串*/
- if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))==-1){
- if(errno==EAGAIN)
- printf("no data yet\n");
- }
- printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);
- sleep(1);
- }
- pause();
- unlink(FIFO);
- }
终端1:
- [root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_write 123123
- write 123123 to the FIFO
- [root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_read
- Preparing for reading bytes...
- read from FIFO
- read from FIFO
- read from FIFO
- read from FIFO
- read from FIFO
- read 123123 from FIFO
- read from FIFO