Loaders 是android 3.0新引入的api和接口。它具有以下特点:
1. Loaders用于所有的Activity和Fragment;
2. 提供异步数据装载机制;
3. 监控他们的来源数据变化情况,在数据发生变化的时候传递新的结果;
4. 自动重连到最后一个数据加载器游标,因此不需要重新查询数据。
从以上特点感觉可以很方便的异步获取数据。想一下handler和asyTask吧。上面的描述好像很美好。
Lorders API主要包括以下接口和类。
LoaderManager:管理着一个Activity或者Fragment中的一个或多个Loader实例,每个Activity或者Fragment只有对应一个LoaserManager。
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks.一个回调接口,需要自己实现,接口定义了一些初始化的方法和取得数据后的回调方法。
Loader:一个抽象类,负责异步加载数据。
AsyncTaskLoader:继承Loader,使用asyTask来加载数据。
CursorLoader:AsyncTaskLoader的子类。可以用来查询ContentResolver,并返回一个Cursor。
故从以上看出,使用CursorLoader可以很方便的异步获取数据并坚持其变化,当然这局限于ContentResolver,不过这可以用到很多android的原生数据了,如联系人、图片等。
如下的一个例子来自android官方文档,简单的说明了如何使用CursorLoader。
import android.app.ListFragment; import android.app.LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks; import android.content.CursorLoader; import android.content.Loader; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.provider.ContactsContract.Contacts; import android.text.TextUtils; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuInflater; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.SearchView; import android.widget.SearchView.OnQueryTextListener; import android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter;
public class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
implements OnQueryTextListener, LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Give some text to display if there is no data. In a real
// application this would come from a resource.
setEmptyText("No phone numbers");
// We have a menu item to show in action bar.
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
// Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null,
new String[] { Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS },
new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
}
@Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
// Place an action bar item for searching.
MenuItem item = menu.add("Search");
item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search);
item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
SearchView sv = new SearchView(getActivity());
sv.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
item.setActionView(sv);
}
public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
// Called when the action bar search text has changed. Update
// the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query
// with this filter.
mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this);
return true;
}
@Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
// Don't care about this.
return true;
}
@Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// Insert desired behavior here.
Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id);
}
// These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
Contacts._ID,
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME,
Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS,
Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE,
Contacts.PHOTO_ID,
Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
};
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
// This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This
// sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
// First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
// currently filtering.
Uri baseUri;
if (mCurFilter != null) {
baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
} else {
baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
}
// Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
// creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
+ Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
+ Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
}
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
// Swap the new cursor in. (The framework will take care of closing the
// old cursor once we return.)
mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
}
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
// This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
// above is about to be closed. We need to make sure we are no
// longer using it.
mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}} |
Loader可以自动的监控数据源的变化,这无疑是一个亮点。这点在CursorLoader中表现的淋漓尽致。但是在对于实际应用来说,数据源很可能来自Internet,当然不可能是Cursor。(你当然可以自己取数据,然后存起来如db中,然后转化为cursor)。这时就需要用AsyncTaskLoader,但是它是一个抽象类,所以需要自己实现,你需要自己实现它的监控数据变化机制,这绝不是一个简单的问题。而Loaders从这点来说就是定义了一系列的接口框架,需要自己实现这些机制。例子见
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/AsyncTaskLoader.html