在遇到多信号问题的时候,你是否经常会连接多个槽函数呢?如果你的答案是绝对的,那么你已经Out很久了。多信号连接多个槽,实现不同的槽就在潜意识的加大程序的开销!那么为什么不去链接同一个槽呢?
今天在次写下这篇文章,感觉有些唐突,但是又不得不写!因为信号与槽是Qt里面的最基础而且是最重要的部分,有很多人问过我关于信号与槽的问题,就总结一下。Qt主要包括:Qt基础部分(Qt入门、Qt对话框、Qt窗口、自定义窗口部件)、Qt中级(布局管理、事件处理、二维绘图、容器、数据库、多线程、网络等)、Qt高级(国际化、自定义样式、三维绘图、创建插件、嵌入式编程等)。
信号与槽的连接方式看起来会是这样的:
Qt5之前:
connect(sender, SIGNAL(signal), receiver, SLOT(slot));
Qt5开始:
connect(sender, &Sender::signal, receiver, &Receiver::slot);
前者:
sender和receiver是指向QObject的指针,signal和slot是不带参数的函数名。SIGNAL()宏和SLOT()宏会把他们的参数转换成相应的字符串。
后者:
(1)编译器,检查信号与槽是否存在,参数类型检查,Q_OBJECT宏是否存在
(2)信号可以和普通函数、类的普通成员函数、lambda函数连接(不在局限于信号和槽函数)
(3)参数可以是typedef的或者使用不同的namespace specifier
(4)可以允许一些自动类型的转换(即信号和槽函数类型不必完全匹配)
1、一个信号连接一个槽
connect(slider, &QSlider::valueChanged, spin_box, &QSpinBox::setValue);
2、一个信号连接多个槽
connect(slider, &QSlider::valueChanged, spin_box, &QSpinBox::setValue);
connect(slider, &QSlider::valueChanged, this, &QWidget::showValue);
3、多个信号连接同一个槽
connect(push_button, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &QWidget::show);
connect(tool_button, &QToolButton::clicked, this, &
QWidget
::
show
);
4、一个信号连接另一个信号
connect(push_button, &QPushlButton::clicked, this, &
QWidget
::
buttonClicked
);
5、断开链接
disconnect(
push_button
); //断开push_button的所有连接
disconnect(
push_button, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &QWidget::show
); //断开此信号连接的槽
再说说disconnect,见名知意,肯定与connect是相反的关系。
1、bool QObject::disconnect(const QObject * receiver, const char * method = 0) const
断开所有发送者的信号与接受者槽的连接
2、bool QObject::disconnect(const char * signal = 0, const QObject * receiver = 0, const char * method = 0) const
断开发送者和接受者的连接
3、bool QObject::disconnect(const QObject * sender, const char * signal, const QObject * receiver, const char * method) [static]
断开通常用于以下三种方式:
(1)断开所有连接到该对象的信号
disconnect(myObject, 0, 0, 0);
相当于非静态重载函数
myObject->disconnect();
(2)断开一切连接到特定信号:
disconnect(myObject, SIGNAL(mySignal()), 0, 0);
相当于非静态重载函数
myObject->disconnect(SIGNAL(mySignal()));
(3)断开一个特定的接收者:
disconnect(myObject, 0, myReceiver, 0);
相当于非静态重载函数
myObject->disconnect(myReceiver);
4、bool QObject::disconnect(const QObject * sender, const QMetaMethod & signal, const QObject * receiver, const QMetaMethod & method) [static]
5、bool QObject::disconnect(const QMetaObject::Connection & connection) [static]
6、bool QObject::disconnect(const QObject * sender, PointerToMemberFunction signal, const QObject * receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method) [static]
断开通常用于以下三种方式:
(1)断开所有连接到该对象的信号
disconnect(myObject, 0, 0, 0);
(2)断开一切连接到特定信号:
disconnect(myObject, &MyObject::mySignal(), 0, 0);
(3)断开一个特定的接收者:
disconnect(myObject, 0, myReceiver, 0);
(4)断开一个特定信号到特定槽的连接:
QObject::disconnect(lineEdit, &QLineEdit::textChanged, label, &QLabel::setText);
好了,这些都是最基本的应用。那么多个信号连接同一个槽的时候如何进行区分呢?
方法一:
typedef enum{
BUTTON_1,
BUTTON_2,
BUTTON_3,
BUTTON_4
}BUTTON;
push_button_1->setObjectName(QString::number(
BUTTON_1, 10
));
push_button_2
->setObjectName(QString::number(
BUTTON_2
, 10
));
tool_button_1
->setObjectName(QString::number(
BUTTON_3
, 10
));
tool_button
_2
->setObjectName(QString::number(
BUTTON_4
, 10
));
connect(push_button_1, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &MyWidget::changeButton);
connect(push_button_2, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &
MyWidget
::
changeButton
);
connect(tool_button_1, &QToolButton::clicked, this, &
MyWidget
::changeButton);
connect(
tool_button
_2, &
QToolButton
::clicked, this, &
MyWidget
::
changeButton
);
void
MyWidget::
changeButton()
{
QObject *object = QObject::sender();
QPushButton *push_button = qobject_cast(object);
QToolButton *tool_button = qobject_cast<</span>QToolButton *>(object);
int index;
if(
push_button
)
{
QString object_name = push_button->objectName();
index = object_name.toInt();
}
else if(
tool_button
)
{
QString object_name =
tool_button
->objectName();
index = object_name.toInt();
}
QString information = QString("");
switch(index)
{
case
BUTTON_1:
information = QString("clicked 1");
break;
case
BUTTON_2:
information = QString("clicked 2");
break;
case
BUTTON_3:
information = QString("clicked 3");
break;
case
BUTTON_4:
information = QString("clicked 4");
break;
default:
information = QString("which is clicked?");
break;
}
QMessageBox::information(NULL, QString("Title"),
information
);
}
当然,
setObjectName不是专门用来干这事的,也可以使用text进行区分或者其它方法,这里介绍的只是一种思路而已!
方法二:
QSignalMapper
类可以简单的理解为
信号的翻译和转发器, 它可以把一个无参数的信号翻译成带
int
参数、
QString
参数、
QObject*
参数或者
QWidget*
参数的信号,并将之转发。
QSignalMapper *signal_mapper = new QSignalMapper(this);
connect(
push_button_1,
&QPushButton::clicked, signal_mapper, &
QSignalMapper::map);
connect(
push_button_2,
&QPushButton::clicked, signal_mapper,
&
QSignalMapper::
map);
connect(
tool_button_1,
&QToolButton::clicked, signal_mapper,
&
QSignalMapper::
map);
connect(
tool_button_2,
&
QToolButton
::clicked, signal_mapper,
&
QSignalMapper::
map);
signal_mapper->setMapping(
push_button_1,
QString::number(
BUTTON_1, 10
));
signal_mapper->setMapping(
push_button_2,
QString::number(
BUTTON_2, 10
));
signal_mapper->setMapping(
tool_button_1,
QString::number(
BUTTON_3, 10
));
signal_mapper->setMapping(
tool_button_2,
QString::number(
BUTTON_4, 10
));
connect(signal_mapper,
&
QSignalMapper::mapped, this,
&
MyWidget
::
changeButton);
void
MyWidget::
changeButton(
QString text
)
{
int index =
text
.toInt();
QString information = QString("");
switch(index)
{
case
BUTTON_1:
information = QString("clicked 1");
break;
case
BUTTON_2:
information = QString("clicked 2");
break;
case
BUTTON_3:
information = QString("clicked 3");
break;
case
BUTTON_4:
information = QString("clicked 4");
break;
default:
information = QString("which is clicked?");
break;
}
QMessageBox::information(NULL, QString("Title"),
information
);
}
执行顺序
同一信号连接多个槽呢,槽函数执行没有绝对的先后顺序。
如:
connect(slider, &QSlider::valueChanged, spin_box, &QSpinBox::setValue);
connect(slider, &QSlider::valueChanged, this, &QWidget::showValue);
在Qt5之前,
并不是
setValue一定会比
showValue先执行。
但在Qt5中,文档中这样介绍:
A signal can be connected to many slots and signals. Many signals can be connected to one slot.
If a signal is connected to several slots, the slots are activated in the same order in which the connections were made, when the signal is emitted.(一个信号连接多个槽,信号发射后,会按照链接顺序执行)。
经过简单测试的确如此:
connect(spin_box, &QSpinBox::valueChanged, this, &ListView::changeValue);
信号与槽连接看上去很正确,但是会出现如下错误:
connect(spin_box, static_cast(&QSpinBox::valueChanged), this, &ListView::changeValue);
总结就到这里,都是很常用的东西,编程过程中多注意细节部分,多总结就好了。很多东西文档里都说的很清楚,write less,do more。。。
注:
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