rest_framework05:GenericAPIView用法/扩展类5个/子类9个/ViewSetMixin 自定义方法名字

GenericAPIView

1.视图层类使用GenericAPIView继承，能简化类里的方法code。

2.简化后的方法code格式基本通用，简单修改即可应用到其他类。

一、class开始加入

    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer

二、方法里获取对象

a.查询一个使用，如需要pk值查询

book = self.get_object()

b.查询多个，如获取所有对象

 book = self.get_queryset()

c.序列化方法使用self.get_serializer()

括号内原来是什么参数，就写什么参数，如

instance=book, data=request.data，

many=True

三、代码views.py

from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer,BookModelSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
# 自己学的response
from app01.utils import MyResponse

# 基于GenericAPIView
class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book)
        return Response(book_ser.data)


    def put(self, request, pk):
        response = MyResponse()

        book = self.get_object()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        # 要数据验证
        if book_ser.is_valid():  # 返回True 表示验证通过
            book_ser.save()
            response.data = book_ser.data
        else:
            response.status= 101
            response.msg = '数据校验失败'
            response.data= book_ser.errors
        return Response(response.get_dic)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        ret = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})


class BooksView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
    # 使用封装response
    def get(self, request):
        response=MyResponse()
        book = self.get_queryset()
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(book, many=True)  # 序列化多条。 如果一条，不需要写
        response.data = book_ser.data
        return Response(response.get_dic)

    # 新增

    def post(self, request):
        response=MyResponse()
        # 新增没有instance，只有data
        book_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        # 如果没有data=，会报错。第一个参数是instance
        # book_ser = BookSerializer(request.data)

        # 校验字段
        if book_ser.is_valid():
            book_ser.save()
            response.data = book_ser.data
        else:
            response.status = 102
            response.msg = '新增数据校验失败'
            response.data = book_ser.data
        return Response(response.get_dic)

5个视图扩展类

分别如下，

ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin

from app01.models import Book
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin


# 5个扩展类
class Books3View(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
    def get(self,request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self,request):
        return self.create(request)

class Book3DetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
    def get(self,request,pk):
        return self.retrieve(request,pk)

    def put(self,request,pk):
        return self.update(request,pk)

    def delete(self,request,pk):
        return self.destroy(request,pk)

GenericAPIView的视图子类 9个

create，update等对应方法可以单独继承，也有组合的类继承，所以有9个。

# 基于 GenericAPIView的视图子类9个
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,UpdateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

# class Books4View(ListAPIView,CreateAPIView):
class Books4View(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer

# class Book4DetailView(UpdateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView):
class Book4DetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer

ModelViewSet

简写成一个class，路由需要特别写法。

urls.py

  path('books5/', views.Books5View.as_view(actions={'get':'list','post':'create'})),
  re_path('^books5/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.Books5View.as_view(actions={'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),

views.py

# 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class Books5View(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects
    serializer_class = BookModelSerializer

使用ViewSetMixin 自定义方法名字

path('books6/', views.Books6View.as_view(actions={'get': 'get_all_book'})),

# 使用ViewSetMixin 自定义方法名字
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin

# ViewSetMixin一定放在前面，重写as_view方法
class Books6View(ViewSetMixin,GenericAPIView):

    def get_all_book(self,request):
        books = Book.objects.all()
        book_ser = BookSerializer(books, many=True)
        return Response(book_ser.data)