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分类专栏： English 文章标签：其他

于 2023-02-02 23:49:50 首次发布

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语法

句子成分

I am happy.
You are cool.
He is a doctor.
They are students.

I am rich.
You are busy.
He is rich.

We are happy.
They are lucky.

It is beautiful.
She is beautiful.
The house is big.

I am Jack.
You are my friend.
She is a nurse.
He is a doctor.
We are students.
They are bosses.
She is a teacher.
Jack is a keyboard operator.

I am in Beijing.
She is in Beijing.
You are in Beijing.
They are in Beijing.
We are in Beijing.
He is in Beijing.
She is in the classroom.

She is under the tree.
They are on the playground.

I buy a book every year.
I buy apples every day.
You believe Jack.
She likes Jack.
She likes Music.

I bought a book yesterday.
I borrowed a pen from him.
I found my key.

I believe her.
You believe me.
You believe them.
You believe us.
She loves him.
I love her.
I told them a story.

I gave her a book.
I gave him a book.
I gave them books.
I gave Jack a book.

I gave a book to her.
She lent me her bike
She lent her bike to me.
They sent her a gift.
They sent a gift to her.

I make you happy.
I made her happy.
You make me mad.
She made him upset.

He made the English class funny.
I cant’t make grammar classes funny.
Eating apples can make you healthy.

I call her Jack.
You can call me Jack.
I will make her a happy woman.
I will make him an internet celebrity.
I will make you a spy.
I put my career the first.

I teach English in Beijing.
We work in Beijing.
I am happy in Hong Kong.
I eat watermelons in Hong Kong.
You learn English in Hong Kong.

I am happy today.
I am busy now.
We are learning English now.
I will buy a book tomorrow.
I will go home tomorrow.
She bought a new computer yesterday.
I teach English here.
I am happy here.
She is watching TV upstairs.
I speak English slowly.
She reads English loudly.
She looked at him angrily.

I usually go home after work.
He often plays basketball after school.

I teach English in Hong Kong now.

Two beautiful girls.

The people in the park are dancing.

T believe Jack, my English teacher.

主语

名词做主语：
I am a teacher.
Jack is a teacher.
Jack is a student.
Chinese is hard.
Hong Kong is beautiful.

人称代词/指示代词做主语：
I am a teacher.
You are rich.
She is beautiful.
The book is expensive.
English is easy.
Jack is a teacher. He is from Hong Kong. He teaches English in Hong Kong.
We are busy.
They are happy.
He is very handsome.
It is cheap.
This is my pen.
That is her computer.

数词（基数词、序数词）作主语：
Eight is a lucky number.
The first is important.

动词不定式或短语做主语：
To learn English is easy.
To eat an apple every day is good for health.
To be a teacher is hard.
Learning English is funny.
Helping poor people is our duty.
Being a teacher is hard.

句子做主语

其他：
The rich should help the poor.
“eat” is a verb.

谓语动词、形容词、介词、副词不可以做主语。

谓语

概念：说明主语动作或状态的词语。
谓语分为：动作型谓语、状态型谓语。

动作型谓语：说明主语做什么的。
状态型谓语：说明主语是什么或者怎么样的。

动作型谓语

I eat an apple every day.
I am an English teacher.
She is very beautiful.
I teach English every day.
Jack learns English.
Jack is handsome.

实义动词和动词短语作谓语：
I work every day。
I run every day.
I love you.
I speak Chinese.
She looks after her brother.
I get up at six.

复合谓语：
1、情态动词+实义动词或者动词短语的原形。
I can speak Cantonese/Mandarin.
I can look after her.

2、助动词+实义动词或者动词短语的原形。
I will buy a new book tomorrow. 一般将来时态。
I will get up early tomorrow. 一般将来时态。

3、助动词+其他的动词形式（be+doing或have/has+done）
I am working now. 现在进行时态。
I have learned English for 10 years. 现在完成时态。

状态型谓语

I am happy.
He is a doctor.
You are cool.
They are students.

   I    bathe    every day.
主语谓语        状语
   I    get up    at six.
主语   谓语    状语

表语

1、形容词做表语。
I am rich.
You are busy.
He is rich.
We are happy.
They are lucky.
It is beautiful.
She is beautiful.
The house is big.

2、名词作表语。
I am Jack.
You are my friend.
She is a nurse.
He is a doctor.
We are students.
They are bosses.
She is a teacher.
Jack is a keyboard operator.

3、介词短语作表语
I am in Hong Kong.
She is in Hong Kong.
You are in Hong Kong.
They are in Hong Kong.
We are in Hong Kong.
He is in Hong Kong.
She is in the classroom.
He is in Hong Kong.
She is under the tree.
They are on the playground.

宾语

名词作宾语：
I buy a book every year.
I buy apples every day.
You believe Jack.
She likes Jack.
She likes music.
I bought a book yesterday.
I borrowed a pen from him.

人称代词作宾语：
I believe her.
You believe her.
You believe them.
You believe us.
She loves him.
I love her.
I told them a story.

数词作宾语：
I want two.

有些及物动词可以跟两个宾语，这两个宾语一个叫直接宾语，另一个叫间接宾语。一般来说，表示人的叫间接宾语，表示物的叫直接宾语。
I gave her a book.
I gave him a book.
I gave them books.
I gave Jack a book.

I gave her a book. 等价于 I gave a book to her.
She lent me her bike. 等价于 She lent her like to me.
They sent her a gift. 等价于 They sent a gift to her.

宾语补足语（宾补）

作用：补充说明宾语，使其意思更完整。

I make you happy.

能作宾补的词语有：形容词、名词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、副词、分词、介词短语、句子。
1、形容词作宾补
I made her happy.
You make me mad.
She made him upset.
He made the English class funny.
I can’t make grammar classes funny.
Eating apples can make you beautiful/healthy.

2、名词作宾补
I call her Jack.
You call me Jack.
I will make her a happy woman.
I will make him an internet celebrity. celebrity [səˈlebrəti] n.名人，明星; 名声

注意：名词作宾补很容易和双宾混淆。
I gave her a book. 双宾
I call her Jack. 名词作宾补

I teach you English. 双宾
I will make you a spy. 名词作宾补

3、数词作宾补
I put my career/family (the) first.

状语

修饰谓语，说明谓语的情况。

I teach English in Hong Kong.
We work in Hong Kong.
I am happy in Hong Kong.
I eat watermelons in Hong Kong.
You learn English in Hong Kong.
I am busy in Hong Kong.
I am happy today.
I am busy now.
We are learning English now.
I will buy a book tomorrow.
I will go home tomorrow.
She bought a new computer yesterday.
I teach English here.
I am happy here.
She is watching TV upstairs.
I speak English slowly.
She reads English loudly.
She looked at him angrily.

I usually go home after work.
He often plays basketball after school.

I teach English in Hong Kong now.
I teach English patiently in Hong Kong now.

定语

修饰或限定名词的词语，偶尔修饰代词。

The people in the park are dancing.

1、形容词性物主代词作前置定语：
My book.

2、形容词作前置定语：
Good books.

3、名词所有格作前置定语：
Jack’s book.

4、数词作前置定语：
Three books.

5、名词作前置定语：
English book.

6、量词作前置定语：
A bottle of water.

7、指示代词作前置定语：
This book.

同位语

Jack, the fat man, is my teacher.
The book, the green thing on the table, is mine.
The cap, the green thing on the table, is Jack’s.

基本句型

1、主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语（表示动作）
I work every day.
I work here.

2、主语+be（系动词）+表语+状语（表示状态）
She is rich now.
I am in Hong Kong now.
I was a worker before.
I am happy every day.

3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语（表示动作）
I read English every morning.
We bake beef every month.
She learns English very hard.
I teach English in Hong Kong.

4、主语+谓语（及物动词里的双宾动词）+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）+状语（表示动作）
I gave her a book yesterday.
Her father called her Baby Bear before.
I am happy every day.
I learn English every day.
I like Enlglish.
I give him a book every time.

5、主语+谓语（特定及物动词）+宾语+宾补+状语
I make her happy every day.

I love you. 主谓宾结构。 Do you love me?
I am a teacher. Are you a teacher?
Jack is handsome. Is Jack handsome?
I am like this toilet. 我像马桶一样。 Like做介词，像。。。。。。一样。
I am like this donkey. 我长的像头驴。
I am like your dog. 我长的像你的狗。

句子结构

1、主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语（表示动作）
（1）I work every day.
"work"是不及物动词作谓语，“every day”是时间状语。
（2）I run every day.
“I”是不及物动词作谓语，“every day”是时间状语。
（3）I live in Beijing city.
“live”是不及物动词作谓语，“in Beijing city”是地点状语。
2、主语+be（系动词）+表语+状语（表示状态）
（1）She is rich now.
“rich”是形容词作表语，”now“是时间状语。
（2）I am in Beijing now.
“in Beijing”是介词短语作表语，“now”是时间状语。
（3）I was a worker before.
“worker”是名词作表语，“before”是时间状语。
3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语（表示动作）
（1）I read English every morning.
“read”是及物动词作谓语，“English”是名词作宾语，“every morning”是时间状语。
（2）We bake beef every month。
“bake”是及物动词作谓语，“beef”是名词作宾语，“every month”是时间状语。
（3）She learns English every hard.
“learn”是及物动词作谓语，“English”是名词作宾语，“hard”是方式副词作状语。
4、主语+谓语（及物动词里面的双宾动词）+双宾语+状语（表示动作）
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
（1）I gave her a book yesterday.
“gave”及物动词作谓语，“her”是间接宾语，“book”是直接宾语，“yesterday”是时间状语。
（2）They sent me a computer last week.
“sent”是及物动词作谓语，“me”是间接宾语，“computer”是直接宾语，“last week”是时间状语。
5、主语+谓语（少数特定的及物动词）+宾语+宾补+状语（表示动作）
（1）I made her happy yesterday.
“made”是及物动词作谓语，“her”作宾语，“happy”是形容词作宾补，“yesterday”是时间状语。
（2）Her farther called her Baby Bear before.
“called”及物动词作谓语，“her”作宾语，“Baby Bear”是名词作宾补，“before”是时间状语。

词性

名词

名词分类

不可数：water

可数：
sky 复数：skies
memory 复数：memories
tear 复数：tears

可数名词

可数名词单数变复数

规则变化

以字母s、sh、ch、x结尾的单词加"es"。

bus -> buses
brush -> brushes
toothbrush -> toothbrushes
watch -> watches
box -> boxes

例外：
stomach -> stomachs

辅音字母+o结尾的可数名词加“es”。

tomato -> tomatoes
potato -> potatoes
hero -> heroes

Heroes like tomatoes and sweet potatoes.

例外：
piano -> pianos
photo -> photos
radio -> radio

video -> videos
studio -> studios

以字母“f”或“fe”结尾的可数名词，将“f”或“fe”变成“v”后加“es”。

wife -> wives
knife -> knives
thief -> thieves
leaf -> leaves
wolf -> wolves

例外：
roof -> roofs
gulf -> gulfs

辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词，将"y"变成"i"后加"es"。

city -> cities
country -> countries
baby -> babies
story -> stories
party -> parties
dictionary -> dictionaries

例外：
toy -> toys
boy -> boys
day -> days

不规则变化
man -> men
child -> children
mouse -> mice
goose -> geese
ox -> oxen

sheep -> sheep
deer -> deer

Chinese -> Chinese
Japanese -> Japanese
Vietnamese -> Vietnamese
Portuguese -> Portuguese
Lebanese -> Lebanese

有些可数名词，只有复数形式，没有单数形式，称为复数名词。
如：
people 单数代替：person 复数：person
police 单数代替：policeman 复数：policemen; cop->cops; police officer
public
clothes

不可数名词

money
A lot of money.

water is important.

a glass of water.
a bottle of water.

two glasses of water.
three bottles of water.
two cups of tea/coffee
a bottle of milk/wine/oil
a kilogram of meat.

量词的构成方式有两种：
1、a/an/one+可数名词单数+of
a cup of
a bucket of 一桶
a tin of 一听；一罐
a truck of 一卡车
a bowl of 一碗
a train of 一火车

2、数词+可数名词的复数+of
two bottles of
three tins of

量词也可以修饰可数名词的复数，但不能修饰可数名词的单数。
a basket of apples.
a box of books.

量词：1、修饰不可数名词 2、修饰可数名词复数。

注意：
1、不是所有的可数名词都可以构成量词。只有有内部空间或容器或一些符合逻辑的可数名词才可以构成量词。
bag/basket/truck 有内部空间
cup/glass/bottle 容器
bar/piece/loaf 符合逻辑

A bag of money.
A bowl of meat.
2、大部分的量词都是修饰不可数名词的。
3、英文的量词一定不能修饰可数名词的单数。

Five bags of
One basket of
Ten trucks of
One cup of
Two glasses of
Three bottles of
eight bars of
one pot of

Five bags of corn.
One basket of pears.
Ten trucks of oranges.
one pot of pumpkin seeds.

a bar of
three cups of
a box of
two buckets of
a kilogram of
two baskets of
two bottles of
a bog of

A bar of chocolate.
Three cups of coffee.
Two baskets of apples.
A bag of oranges.
A box of books.

two pieces of
a truck of
three glasses of
three boxes of
a cup of
two bottles of
a basket of
two buckets of

Two bottles of water.
Three glasses of milk.
A truck of oranges.
a basket of lemons.
Three boxes of notebooks.

a cup of
two jugs of
three pots of
four bowl of
five bottle of
six kegs of
seven bar of
eight basket of

名词的作用

1、作主语
The book is new.
Jack is a good student.
The computer is very small.
Hong Kong is beautiful.
Water is important.
My books are good.
Jack’s book is new.

2、作表语
He is my friend.
This is a cellphone/mobile phone.
My brother is an engineer.

注意：I am happy. 形容词作表语。

3、作宾语
I like pears.
I bought a textbook last week.
He does his homework very carefully.
I like Jack.
I like Hong Kong.
I like money.

4、作宾补
主语+特定的及物动词+宾语+宾补
I call him Uncle Tom.
My sister calls the cat Kitty.
I will make her a happy woman.

5、作定语
English book.
School gate.
Room number.

可以把“English book”当成一个复合名词。
名词+名词=复合名词。
（1）前面的名词如果是可数名词，不能发生变化。
（2）后面的名称如果是可数名词，整个复合名词就是可数名词。
后面的名词是不可数名词，整个复合名词就是不可数名词。
School gate = 可数的复合名词。
There are two school gates.
Chicken leg. I ate two chicken legs.
Oil temperature.

Chicken soup = 不可数名词
A bowl of chicken soup.
Peanut oil = 不可数名词
Dog leg = 可数名词
English teacher.
Math teacher.

6、作介词宾语

7、作同位语

She is a teacher.
I like an apple. I like the apple. I like apples.
I read a book. I read books.
I like singing songs.

She is my teacher.
She is Jack’s teacher.

a box of
two bowls of
three cups of
a train of

a box of books
a train of coal

a lot of 不是量词，是形容词。

所有格

英文的名词所有格有两种构成方式：
1、有生命的名词+'s。
Mother’s hand.

A.Whose pen is it? B.It is Jack’s.
A.Whose cellphone is it? B.It is Jack’s.
The house is my father’s.

2、无生命的名词用“of+无生命名词”。
The center of the city.

The price of my computer.
The price of my house.

The color of my computer.
The colors of my computer.

The water of the river.

The price of the house.
名词所有格of the house作后置定语修饰名词price，所以price要加冠词the。

The color of the house.
The color of the carrot.
The price of oil.
The gate of our school.
The covers of the book.
The roof of the house.
The answers of the exam.
The size of my shoes.
The name of the book.

The name of this story.

The water in the cup.
The color of my computer.
The price of my house.
The water of the river.
The window of the room.
The students in the school.
The students from the school.

The price of my airplane.
The name of the bridge.
The size of my jacket.
The color of the wall.
The price of my ticket.
The colour of my book.
The price of my hat.
The size of the cup.
The price of the chocolate.
The color of my hair.
The name of my bakery.

The name of the book.
The color of my cup.
The size of this T-shirt.
The price of this room.
The name of the airport.

The price of his cap.
The name of the church.
The price of my camera.
The color of the ball.
The size of the door.

The price of the train.
The color of the clock.
The name of your rose.
The pirice of your island.
The size of the safe.

The size of the blackboard.
The color of the boat.
The size of my bed.
The name of the beach.
The prize of his bank.

主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
She is very happy.
They are so excited.
We learn French.
I like music.
He likes music.
He is a student.
They are teachers.
It is cheap.

代词

主格	I	you	she	he	it	we	they
宾格	me	you	her	him	it	us	them

I like her.
I support them.
He teaches us English.
They believe me.

主格和宾格都可以做表语。
A.Who is it? B.It is me/I.

并列主语：
注意：两个或者两个以上的人称代词主格的单数作并列主语的时候顺序为：you,he(she) and I.如果是复数，顺序是：we,you and they.
He and I are both from Hongkong.
You and I like music,
She and I like money.
He and I like beautiful girls.
We and you will have a football match.

物主代词：表示所有关系的代词。包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1、形容词性物主代词