Qt 之 QWebEngine SimpleBrowser

SimpleBrowser

Simple Browser Demo的链接

官方的Simple Browser例子

• 打开存储的页面，和管理窗口和tabs的菜单栏
• 输入URL的导航栏，前进，后退，历史
• 用于在选项卡内显示 Web 内容的多选项卡区域
• 用于显示悬停链接的状态栏
• 一个简单的下载管理器

The web content can be opened in new tabs or separate windows. HTTP and proxy authentication can be used for accessing web pages.

可以在新选项卡或单独的窗口中打开 Web 内容。 HTTP 和代理身份验证可用于访问网页。

Class Hierarchy,

Browser is a class managing the application windows.
BrowserWindow is a QMainWindow showing the menu, a navigation bar, TabWidget, and a status bar.
TabWidget is a QTabWidget and contains one or multiple browser tabs.
WebView is a QWebEngineView, provides a view for WebPage, and is added as a tab in TabWidget.
WebPage is a QWebEnginePage that represents website content.

• Browser 管理整个应用窗口的类
• BrowserWindow 是一个QMainWindow类型的窗口，显示菜单，导航，TabWidget,和 一个状态栏
• TabWidget是一个QTabWidget，包含一个或多个browser tabs.
• WebView 是一个QWebEngineView类，提供WebPage的视图，并且通过tab的方式，添加在TabWidget上
• WebPage类是一个QWebEningPage类，用来显示website的内容。

DevTools Page

• Chrome浏览器是由tab页组成的，一个浏览器实例中可以打开多个tab页
• 每个tab页，都可以打开自己的开发者工具窗口，称为DevTools Window
• DevTools Page。 用户可以通过建立DevTools Page的方式，扩展DevTools Window。

{
  "name": "chrome-extension-example",
  "version": "1.0",
  "minimum_chrome_version": "10.0",
  "description": "chrome extension example",
  "devtools_page": "devtools.html",
  "permissions": [
    "http://*/*",
    "https://*/*",
    "tabs"
  ],
  "manifest_version": 2
}

其中，DevTools Page必须是一个html，但它对用户来说是不可见的。

DevTools Page它引入的js，具有访问DevTools API的能力，
包括，devtools.panels，devtools.inspectedWindow，devtools.network。

• DevTools Page的生命周期。每次打开DevTools Window的时候，都会重新创建一个DevTools Page实例，
  如果DevTools Window关闭了，DevTools Page实例也将销毁。

Browser

Private browsing, incognito mode, or off-the-record mode is a feature of many browsers where normally persistent data, such as cookies, the HTTP cache, or browsing history, is kept only in memory, leaving no trace on disk. In this example we will implement private browsing on the window level with tabs in one window all in either normal or private mode. Alternatively we could implement private browsing on the tab-level, with some tabs in a window in normal mode, others in private mode.

• 隐私浏览、隐身模式或非记录模式是许多浏览器的一项功能，其中通常持久性数据（例如 cookie、HTTP 缓存或浏览历史记录）仅保存在内存中，不会在磁盘上留下任何痕迹。 在这个例子中，我们将在窗口级别实现隐私浏览，在一个窗口中的选项卡都处于正常或隐私模式。 或者，我们可以在选项卡级别实现隐私浏览，窗口中的某些选项卡处于正常模式，其他选项卡处于隐私模式。

browser.h

#ifndef BROWSER_H
#define BROWSER_H

#include "downloadmanagerwidget.h"

#include <QVector>
#include <QWebEngineProfile>

class BrowserWindow;

class Browser
{
public:
    Browser();

    QVector<BrowserWindow*> windows() { return m_windows; }

    BrowserWindow *createWindow(bool offTheRecord = false);
    BrowserWindow *createDevToolsWindow();

    DownloadManagerWidget &downloadManagerWidget() { return m_downloadManagerWidget; }

private:
    QVector<BrowserWindow*> m_windows;
    DownloadManagerWidget m_downloadManagerWidget;
    QScopedPointer<QWebEngineProfile> m_otrProfile;   //profile
};
#endif // BROWSER_H

browser.cpp

需要注意创建BrowserWindow的借口，一个是带有off-the-record非记录模式的窗口，一个是带有devTool的窗口。
两个window对应的profile不相同。

#include "browser.h"
#include "browserwindow.h"

Browser::Browser()
{
    // Quit application if the download manager window is the only remaining window
    m_downloadManagerWidget.setAttribute(Qt::WA_QuitOnClose, false);

    QObject::connect(
        QWebEngineProfile::defaultProfile(), &QWebEngineProfile::downloadRequested,
        &m_downloadManagerWidget, &DownloadManagerWidget::downloadRequested);
}

/*
* Required profile for private browsing is created together with its first window. 
* The default constructor for QWebEngineProfile already puts it in off-the-record mode.
*/
BrowserWindow *Browser::createWindow(bool offTheRecord)       //创建隐私窗口
{
    if (offTheRecord && !m_otrProfile) {
        m_otrProfile.reset(new QWebEngineProfile); //Deletes the existing object it is pointing to (if any), and sets its pointer to other.
       
        QObject::connect(
            m_otrProfile.get(), &QWebEngineProfile::downloadRequested,
            &m_downloadManagerWidget, &DownloadManagerWidget::downloadRequested);
    }
    auto profile = offTheRecord ? m_otrProfile.get() : QWebEngineProfile::defaultProfile();  //根据offTheRecord得到profile
     /*
        *All that is left to do is to pass the appropriate profile down to the appropriate QWebEnginePage objects. 
        * -剩下要做的就是将适当的配置文件向下传递给适当的 QWebEnginePage 对象。
        *The Browser object will hand to each new BrowserWindow either the global default profile (see QWebEngineProfile::defaultProfile) or one shared off-the-record profile instance:
        * - Browser 对象会将全局默认配置文件（请参阅 QWebEngineProfile::defaultProfile）或一个共享的非记录配置文件实例传递给每个新的 BrowserWindow： 
		*/
    auto mainWindow = new BrowserWindow(this, profile, false);  //创建新的BrowserWindow,并将profile向下传递
    m_windows.append(mainWindow);                               //添加到window列表
    QObject::connect(mainWindow, &QObject::destroyed, [this, mainWindow]() {
        m_windows.removeOne(mainWindow);                        //从列表中删除
    });
    mainWindow->show();									        //显示								
    return mainWindow;
}

BrowserWindow *Browser::createDevToolsWindow()				    //创建工具窗口
{
    auto profile = QWebEngineProfile::defaultProfile();         //默认的profile
    auto mainWindow = new BrowserWindow(this, profile, true);   //第三个参数为true
    m_windows.append(mainWindow);                               //加入到window列表中
    QObject::connect(mainWindow, &QObject::destroyed, [this, mainWindow]() {
        m_windows.removeOne(mainWindow);
    });
    mainWindow->show();
    return mainWindow;
}

The BrowserWindow and TabWidget objects will then ensure that all QWebEnginePage objects contained in a window will use this profile.

• BrowserWindow 和 TabWidget 对象将确保窗口中包含的所有 QWebEnginePage 对象都将使用此配置文件。

BrowserWindow

browserwindow.h

#ifndef BROWSERWINDOW_H
#define BROWSERWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTime>
#include <QWebEnginePage>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QLineEdit;
class QProgressBar;
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Browser;
class TabWidget;
class WebView;

class BrowserWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    BrowserWindow(Browser *browser, QWebEngineProfile *profile, bool forDevTools = false);
    QSize sizeHint() const override;
    TabWidget *tabWidget() const;
    WebView *currentTab() const;
    Browser *browser() { return m_browser; }

protected:
    void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event) override;

private slots:
    void handleNewWindowTriggered();
    void handleNewIncognitoWindowTriggered();
    void handleFileOpenTriggered();
    void handleFindActionTriggered();
    void handleShowWindowTriggered();
    void handleWebViewLoadProgress(int);
    void handleWebViewTitleChanged(const QString &title);
    void handleWebActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::WebAction action, bool enabled);
    void handleDevToolsRequested(QWebEnginePage *source);
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
    void handleFindTextFinished(const QWebEngineFindTextResult &result);
#endif

private:
    QMenu *createFileMenu(TabWidget *tabWidget);
    QMenu *createEditMenu();
    QMenu *createViewMenu(QToolBar *toolBar);
    QMenu *createWindowMenu(TabWidget *tabWidget);
    QMenu *createHelpMenu();
    QToolBar *createToolBar();

private:
    Browser *m_browser;
    QWebEngineProfile *m_profile;
    TabWidget *m_tabWidget;
    QProgressBar *m_progressBar;
    QAction *m_historyBackAction;
    QAction *m_historyForwardAction;
    QAction *m_stopAction;
    QAction *m_reloadAction;
    QAction *m_stopReloadAction;
    QLineEdit *m_urlLineEdit;
    QAction *m_favAction;
    QString m_lastSearch;
};

#endif // BROWSERWINDOW_H

browserwindow.cpp

ToolBar & Action

• Back Action : 后退
• Forward Action ： 前进
• Stop Action ：停止加载
• LineEdit for input URL ： URL 编辑框
• Download Action to show download manager widget ： 下载控件

Window Menu

• File Menu
• Edit Menu
• View Menu
• Window Menu
• Help Menu

#include "browser.h"
#include "browserwindow.h"
#include "downloadmanagerwidget.h"
#include "tabwidget.h"
#include "webview.h"
#include <QApplication>
#include <QCloseEvent>
#include <QDesktopWidget>
#include <QEvent>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QInputDialog>
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QProgressBar>
#include <QScreen>
#include <QStatusBar>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
#include <QWebEngineFindTextResult>
#endif
#include <QWebEngineProfile>

BrowserWindow::BrowserWindow(Browser *browser, QWebEngineProfile *profile, bool forDevTools)
    : m_browser(browser)
    , m_profile(profile)
    , m_tabWidget(new TabWidget(profile, this))
    , m_progressBar(nullptr)
    , m_historyBackAction(nullptr)
    , m_historyForwardAction(nullptr)
    , m_stopAction(nullptr)
    , m_reloadAction(nullptr)
    , m_stopReloadAction(nullptr)
    , m_urlLineEdit(nullptr)
    , m_favAction(nullptr)
{
    setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose, true);
    setFocusPolicy(Qt::ClickFocus);

    if (!forDevTools) {
        m_progressBar = new QProgressBar(this);

        QToolBar *toolbar = createToolBar();
        addToolBar(toolbar);
        menuBar()->addMenu(createFileMenu(m_tabWidget));
        menuBar()->addMenu(createEditMenu());
        menuBar()->addMenu(createViewMenu(toolbar));
        menuBar()->addMenu(createWindowMenu(m_tabWidget));
        menuBar()->addMenu(createHelpMenu());
    }

    QWidget *centralWidget = new QWidget(this);
    QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout;
    layout->setSpacing(0);
    layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0);
    if (!forDevTools) {
        addToolBarBreak();

        m_progressBar->setMaximumHeight(1);
        m_progressBar->setTextVisible(false);
        m_progressBar->setStyleSheet(QStringLiteral("QProgressBar {border: 0px} QProgressBar::chunk {background-color: #da4453}"));

        layout->addWidget(m_progressBar);
    }

    layout->addWidget(m_tabWidget);
    centralWidget->setLayout(layout);
    setCentralWidget(centralWidget);

    connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::titleChanged, this, &BrowserWindow::handleWebViewTitleChanged);
    if (!forDevTools) {
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::linkHovered, [this](const QString& url) {
            statusBar()->showMessage(url);
        });
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::loadProgress, this, &BrowserWindow::handleWebViewLoadProgress);
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::webActionEnabledChanged, this, &BrowserWindow::handleWebActionEnabledChanged);
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::urlChanged, [this](const QUrl &url) {
            m_urlLineEdit->setText(url.toDisplayString());
        });
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::favIconChanged, m_favAction, &QAction::setIcon);
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::devToolsRequested, this, &BrowserWindow::handleDevToolsRequested);
        connect(m_urlLineEdit, &QLineEdit::returnPressed, [this]() {
            m_tabWidget->setUrl(QUrl::fromUserInput(m_urlLineEdit->text()));
        });
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
        connect(m_tabWidget, &TabWidget::findTextFinished, this, &BrowserWindow::handleFindTextFinished);
#endif

        QAction *focusUrlLineEditAction = new QAction(this);
        addAction(focusUrlLineEditAction);
        focusUrlLineEditAction->setShortcut(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_L));
        connect(focusUrlLineEditAction, &QAction::triggered, this, [this] () {
            m_urlLineEdit->setFocus(Qt::ShortcutFocusReason);
        });
    }

    handleWebViewTitleChanged(QString());
    m_tabWidget->createTab();
}

QSize BrowserWindow::sizeHint() const
{
    QRect desktopRect = QApplication::primaryScreen()->geometry();
    QSize size = desktopRect.size() * qreal(0.9);
    return size;
}

QMenu *BrowserWindow::createFileMenu(TabWidget *tabWidget)
{
    QMenu *fileMenu = new QMenu(tr("&File"));
    fileMenu->addAction(tr("&New Window"), this, &BrowserWindow::handleNewWindowTriggered, QKeySequence::New);
    fileMenu->addAction(tr("New &Incognito Window"), this, &BrowserWindow::handleNewIncognitoWindowTriggered);

    QAction *newTabAction = new QAction(tr("New &Tab"), this);
    newTabAction->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::AddTab);
    connect(newTabAction, &QAction::triggered, this, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->createTab();
        m_urlLineEdit->setFocus();
    });
    fileMenu->addAction(newTabAction);

    fileMenu->addAction(tr("&Open File..."), this, &BrowserWindow::handleFileOpenTriggered, QKeySequence::Open);
    fileMenu->addSeparator();

    QAction *closeTabAction = new QAction(tr("&Close Tab"), this);
    closeTabAction->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Close);
    connect(closeTabAction, &QAction::triggered, [tabWidget]() {
        tabWidget->closeTab(tabWidget->currentIndex());
    });
    fileMenu->addAction(closeTabAction);

    QAction *closeAction = new QAction(tr("&Quit"),this);
    closeAction->setShortcut(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Q));
    connect(closeAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &QWidget::close);
    fileMenu->addAction(closeAction);

    connect(fileMenu, &QMenu::aboutToShow, [this, closeAction]() {
        if (m_browser->windows().count() == 1)
            closeAction->setText(tr("&Quit"));
        else
            closeAction->setText(tr("&Close Window"));
    });
    return fileMenu;
}

QMenu *BrowserWindow::createEditMenu()
{
    QMenu *editMenu = new QMenu(tr("&Edit"));
    QAction *findAction = editMenu->addAction(tr("&Find"));
    findAction->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Find);
    connect(findAction, &QAction::triggered, this, &BrowserWindow::handleFindActionTriggered);

    QAction *findNextAction = editMenu->addAction(tr("Find &Next"));
    findNextAction->setShortcut(QKeySequence::FindNext);
    connect(findNextAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        if (!currentTab() || m_lastSearch.isEmpty())
            return;
        currentTab()->findText(m_lastSearch);
    });

    QAction *findPreviousAction = editMenu->addAction(tr("Find &Previous"));
    findPreviousAction->setShortcut(QKeySequence::FindPrevious);
    connect(findPreviousAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        if (!currentTab() || m_lastSearch.isEmpty())
            return;
        currentTab()->findText(m_lastSearch, QWebEnginePage::FindBackward);
    });

    return editMenu;
}

QMenu *BrowserWindow::createViewMenu(QToolBar *toolbar)
{
    QMenu *viewMenu = new QMenu(tr("&View"));
    m_stopAction = viewMenu->addAction(tr("&Stop"));
    QList<QKeySequence> shortcuts;
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Period));
    shortcuts.append(Qt::Key_Escape);
    m_stopAction->setShortcuts(shortcuts);
    connect(m_stopAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::Stop);
    });

    m_reloadAction = viewMenu->addAction(tr("Reload Page"));
    m_reloadAction->setShortcuts(QKeySequence::Refresh);
    connect(m_reloadAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::Reload);
    });

    QAction *zoomIn = viewMenu->addAction(tr("Zoom &In"));
    zoomIn->setShortcut(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Plus));
    connect(zoomIn, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        if (currentTab())
            currentTab()->setZoomFactor(currentTab()->zoomFactor() + 0.1);
    });

    QAction *zoomOut = viewMenu->addAction(tr("Zoom &Out"));
    zoomOut->setShortcut(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Minus));
    connect(zoomOut, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        if (currentTab())
            currentTab()->setZoomFactor(currentTab()->zoomFactor() - 0.1);
    });

    QAction *resetZoom = viewMenu->addAction(tr("Reset &Zoom"));
    resetZoom->setShortcut(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_0));
    connect(resetZoom, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        if (currentTab())
            currentTab()->setZoomFactor(1.0);
    });


    viewMenu->addSeparator();
    QAction *viewToolbarAction = new QAction(tr("Hide Toolbar"),this);
    viewToolbarAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+|"));
    connect(viewToolbarAction, &QAction::triggered, [toolbar,viewToolbarAction]() {
        if (toolbar->isVisible()) {
            viewToolbarAction->setText(tr("Show Toolbar"));
            toolbar->close();
        } else {
            viewToolbarAction->setText(tr("Hide Toolbar"));
            toolbar->show();
        }
    });
    viewMenu->addAction(viewToolbarAction);

    QAction *viewStatusbarAction = new QAction(tr("Hide Status Bar"), this);
    viewStatusbarAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+/"));
    connect(viewStatusbarAction, &QAction::triggered, [this, viewStatusbarAction]() {
        if (statusBar()->isVisible()) {
            viewStatusbarAction->setText(tr("Show Status Bar"));
            statusBar()->close();
        } else {
            viewStatusbarAction->setText(tr("Hide Status Bar"));
            statusBar()->show();
        }
    });
    viewMenu->addAction(viewStatusbarAction);
    return viewMenu;
}

QMenu *BrowserWindow::createWindowMenu(TabWidget *tabWidget)
{
    QMenu *menu = new QMenu(tr("&Window"));

    QAction *nextTabAction = new QAction(tr("Show Next Tab"), this);
    QList<QKeySequence> shortcuts;
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_BraceRight));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_PageDown));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_BracketRight));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Less));
    nextTabAction->setShortcuts(shortcuts);
    connect(nextTabAction, &QAction::triggered, tabWidget, &TabWidget::nextTab);

    QAction *previousTabAction = new QAction(tr("Show Previous Tab"), this);
    shortcuts.clear();
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_BraceLeft));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_PageUp));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_BracketLeft));
    shortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::CTRL | Qt::Key_Greater));
    previousTabAction->setShortcuts(shortcuts);
    connect(previousTabAction, &QAction::triggered, tabWidget, &TabWidget::previousTab);

    connect(menu, &QMenu::aboutToShow, [this, menu, nextTabAction, previousTabAction]() {
        menu->clear();
        menu->addAction(nextTabAction);
        menu->addAction(previousTabAction);
        menu->addSeparator();

        QVector<BrowserWindow*> windows = m_browser->windows();
        int index(-1);
        for (auto window : windows) {
            QAction *action = menu->addAction(window->windowTitle(), this, &BrowserWindow::handleShowWindowTriggered);
            action->setData(++index);
            action->setCheckable(true);
            if (window == this)
                action->setChecked(true);
        }
    });
    return menu;
}

QMenu *BrowserWindow::createHelpMenu()
{
    QMenu *helpMenu = new QMenu(tr("&Help"));
    helpMenu->addAction(tr("About &Qt"), qApp, QApplication::aboutQt);
    return helpMenu;
}

QToolBar *BrowserWindow::createToolBar()
{
    QToolBar *navigationBar = new QToolBar(tr("Navigation"));
    navigationBar->setMovable(false);
    navigationBar->toggleViewAction()->setEnabled(false);

    m_historyBackAction = new QAction(this);
    QList<QKeySequence> backShortcuts = QKeySequence::keyBindings(QKeySequence::Back);
    for (auto it = backShortcuts.begin(); it != backShortcuts.end();) {
        // Chromium already handles navigate on backspace when appropriate.
        if ((*it)[0] == Qt::Key_Backspace)
            it = backShortcuts.erase(it);
        else
            ++it;
    }
    // For some reason Qt doesn't bind the dedicated Back key to Back.
    backShortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::Key_Back));
    m_historyBackAction->setShortcuts(backShortcuts);
    m_historyBackAction->setIconVisibleInMenu(false);
    m_historyBackAction->setIcon(QIcon(QStringLiteral(":go-previous.png")));
    m_historyBackAction->setToolTip(tr("Go back in history"));
    connect(m_historyBackAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::Back);
    });
    navigationBar->addAction(m_historyBackAction);

    m_historyForwardAction = new QAction(this);
    QList<QKeySequence> fwdShortcuts = QKeySequence::keyBindings(QKeySequence::Forward);
    for (auto it = fwdShortcuts.begin(); it != fwdShortcuts.end();) {
        if (((*it)[0] & Qt::Key_unknown) == Qt::Key_Backspace)
            it = fwdShortcuts.erase(it);
        else
            ++it;
    }
    fwdShortcuts.append(QKeySequence(Qt::Key_Forward));
    m_historyForwardAction->setShortcuts(fwdShortcuts);
    m_historyForwardAction->setIconVisibleInMenu(false);
    m_historyForwardAction->setIcon(QIcon(QStringLiteral(":go-next.png")));
    m_historyForwardAction->setToolTip(tr("Go forward in history"));
    connect(m_historyForwardAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::Forward);
    });
    navigationBar->addAction(m_historyForwardAction);

    m_stopReloadAction = new QAction(this);
    connect(m_stopReloadAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_tabWidget->triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::WebAction(m_stopReloadAction->data().toInt()));
    });
    navigationBar->addAction(m_stopReloadAction);

    m_urlLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    m_favAction = new QAction(this);
    m_urlLineEdit->addAction(m_favAction, QLineEdit::LeadingPosition);
    m_urlLineEdit->setClearButtonEnabled(true);
    navigationBar->addWidget(m_urlLineEdit);

    auto downloadsAction = new QAction(this);
    downloadsAction->setIcon(QIcon(QStringLiteral(":go-bottom.png")));
    downloadsAction->setToolTip(tr("Show downloads"));
    navigationBar->addAction(downloadsAction);
    connect(downloadsAction, &QAction::triggered, [this]() {
        m_browser->downloadManagerWidget().show();
    });

    return navigationBar;
}

void BrowserWindow::handleWebActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::WebAction action, bool enabled)
{
    switch (action) {
    case QWebEnginePage::Back:
        m_historyBackAction->setEnabled(enabled);
        break;
    case QWebEnginePage::Forward:
        m_historyForwardAction->setEnabled(enabled);
        break;
    case QWebEnginePage::Reload:
        m_reloadAction->setEnabled(enabled);
        break;
    case QWebEnginePage::Stop:
        m_stopAction->setEnabled(enabled);
        break;
    default:
        qWarning("Unhandled webActionChanged signal");
    }
}

void BrowserWindow::handleWebViewTitleChanged(const QString &title)
{
    QString suffix = m_profile->isOffTheRecord()
        ? tr("Qt Simple Browser (Incognito)")
        : tr("Qt Simple Browser");

    if (title.isEmpty())
        setWindowTitle(suffix);
    else
        setWindowTitle(title + " - " + suffix);
}

void BrowserWindow::handleNewWindowTriggered()
{
    BrowserWindow *window = m_browser->createWindow();
    window->m_urlLineEdit->setFocus();
}

void BrowserWindow::handleNewIncognitoWindowTriggered()
{
    BrowserWindow *window = m_browser->createWindow(/* offTheRecord: */ true);
    window->m_urlLineEdit->setFocus();
}

void BrowserWindow::handleFileOpenTriggered()
{
    QUrl url = QFileDialog::getOpenFileUrl(this, tr("Open Web Resource"), QString(),
                                                tr("Web Resources (*.html *.htm *.svg *.png *.gif *.svgz);;All files (*.*)"));
    if (url.isEmpty())
        return;
    currentTab()->setUrl(url);
}

void BrowserWindow::handleFindActionTriggered()
{
    if (!currentTab())
        return;
    bool ok = false;
    QString search = QInputDialog::getText(this, tr("Find"),
                                           tr("Find:"), QLineEdit::Normal,
                                           m_lastSearch, &ok);
    if (ok && !search.isEmpty()) {
        m_lastSearch = search;
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
        currentTab()->findText(m_lastSearch);
#else
        currentTab()->findText(m_lastSearch, 0, [this](bool found) {
            if (!found)
                statusBar()->showMessage(tr("\"%1\" not found.").arg(m_lastSearch));
        });
#endif
    }
}

void BrowserWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event)
{
    if (m_tabWidget->count() > 1) {
        int ret = QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Confirm close"),
                                       tr("Are you sure you want to close the window ?\n"
                                          "There are %1 tabs open.").arg(m_tabWidget->count()),
                                       QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::No);
        if (ret == QMessageBox::No) {
            event->ignore();
            return;
        }
    }
    event->accept();
    deleteLater();
}

TabWidget *BrowserWindow::tabWidget() const
{
    return m_tabWidget;
}

WebView *BrowserWindow::currentTab() const
{
    return m_tabWidget->currentWebView();
}

void BrowserWindow::handleWebViewLoadProgress(int progress)
{
    static QIcon stopIcon(QStringLiteral(":process-stop.png"));
    static QIcon reloadIcon(QStringLiteral(":view-refresh.png"));

    if (0 < progress && progress < 100) {
        m_stopReloadAction->setData(QWebEnginePage::Stop);
        m_stopReloadAction->setIcon(stopIcon);
        m_stopReloadAction->setToolTip(tr("Stop loading the current page"));
        m_progressBar->setValue(progress);
    } else {
        m_stopReloadAction->setData(QWebEnginePage::Reload);
        m_stopReloadAction->setIcon(reloadIcon);
        m_stopReloadAction->setToolTip(tr("Reload the current page"));
        m_progressBar->setValue(0);
    }
}

void BrowserWindow::handleShowWindowTriggered()
{
    if (QAction *action = qobject_cast<QAction*>(sender())) {
        int offset = action->data().toInt();
        QVector<BrowserWindow*> windows = m_browser->windows();
        windows.at(offset)->activateWindow();
        windows.at(offset)->currentTab()->setFocus();
    }
}

void BrowserWindow::handleDevToolsRequested(QWebEnginePage *source)
{
    source->setDevToolsPage(m_browser->createDevToolsWindow()->currentTab()->page());
    source->triggerAction(QWebEnginePage::InspectElement);
}

#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
void BrowserWindow::handleFindTextFinished(const QWebEngineFindTextResult &result)
{
    if (result.numberOfMatches() == 0) {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("\"%1\" not found.").arg(m_lastSearch));
    } else {
        statusBar()->showMessage(tr("\"%1\" found: %2/%3").arg(m_lastSearch,
                                                               QString::number(result.activeMatch()),
                                                               QString::number(result.numberOfMatches())));
    }
}
#endif

TabWidget

BroswerWindow包含一个TabWidget的实例，现在来看下TabWidget包含哪些要素

tabwidget.h

#ifndef TABWIDGET_H
#define TABWIDGET_H

#include <QTabWidget>
#include <QWebEnginePage>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QUrl;
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class WebView;

class TabWidget : public QTabWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    TabWidget(QWebEngineProfile *profile, QWidget *parent = nullptr);

    WebView *currentWebView() const;

signals:
    // current tab/page signals
    void linkHovered(const QString &link);
    void loadProgress(int progress);
    void titleChanged(const QString &title);
    void urlChanged(const QUrl &url);
    void favIconChanged(const QIcon &icon);
    void webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::WebAction action, bool enabled);
    void devToolsRequested(QWebEnginePage *source);
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
    void findTextFinished(const QWebEngineFindTextResult &result);
#endif

public slots:
    // current tab/page slots
    void setUrl(const QUrl &url);
    void triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::WebAction action);

    WebView *createTab();
    WebView *createBackgroundTab();
    void closeTab(int index);
    void nextTab();
    void previousTab();

private slots:
    void handleCurrentChanged(int index);
    void handleContextMenuRequested(const QPoint &pos);
    void cloneTab(int index);
    void closeOtherTabs(int index);
    void reloadAllTabs();
    void reloadTab(int index);

private:
    WebView *webView(int index) const;
    void setupView(WebView *webView);

    QWebEngineProfile *m_profile;
};

#endif // TABWIDGET_H

tabwidget.cpp

#include "tabwidget.h"
#include "webpage.h"
#include "webview.h"
#include <QLabel>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QTabBar>
#include <QWebEngineProfile>

TabWidget::TabWidget(QWebEngineProfile *profile, QWidget *parent)
    : QTabWidget(parent)
    , m_profile(profile)
{
    QTabBar *tabBar = this->tabBar();
    tabBar->setTabsClosable(true);
    tabBar->setSelectionBehaviorOnRemove(QTabBar::SelectPreviousTab);
    tabBar->setMovable(true);
    tabBar->setContextMenuPolicy(Qt::CustomContextMenu);
    connect(tabBar, &QTabBar::customContextMenuRequested, this, &TabWidget::handleContextMenuRequested);
    connect(tabBar, &QTabBar::tabCloseRequested, this, &TabWidget::closeTab);
    connect(tabBar, &QTabBar::tabBarDoubleClicked, [this](int index) {
        if (index == -1)
            createTab();
    });

    setDocumentMode(true);
    setElideMode(Qt::ElideRight);

    connect(this, &QTabWidget::currentChanged, this, &TabWidget::handleCurrentChanged);

    if (profile->isOffTheRecord()) {
        QLabel *icon = new QLabel(this);
        QPixmap pixmap(QStringLiteral(":ninja.png"));
        icon->setPixmap(pixmap.scaledToHeight(tabBar->height()));
        setStyleSheet(QStringLiteral("QTabWidget::tab-bar { left: %1px; }").
                      arg(icon->pixmap()->width()));
    }
}

void TabWidget::handleCurrentChanged(int index)
{
    if (index != -1) {
        WebView *view = webView(index);
        if (!view->url().isEmpty())
            view->setFocus();
        emit titleChanged(view->title());
        emit loadProgress(view->loadProgress());
        emit urlChanged(view->url());
        emit favIconChanged(view->favIcon());
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Back, view->isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::Back));
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Forward, view->isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::Forward));
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Stop, view->isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::Stop));
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Reload,view->isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::Reload));
    } else {
        emit titleChanged(QString());
        emit loadProgress(0);
        emit urlChanged(QUrl());
        emit favIconChanged(QIcon());
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Back, false);
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Forward, false);
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Stop, false);
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::Reload, true);
    }
}

void TabWidget::handleContextMenuRequested(const QPoint &pos)
{
    QMenu menu;
    menu.addAction(tr("New &Tab"), this, &TabWidget::createTab, QKeySequence::AddTab);
    int index = tabBar()->tabAt(pos);
    if (index != -1) {
        QAction *action = menu.addAction(tr("Clone Tab"));
        connect(action, &QAction::triggered, this, [this,index]() {
            cloneTab(index);
        });
        menu.addSeparator();
        action = menu.addAction(tr("&Close Tab"));
        action->setShortcut(QKeySequence::Close);
        connect(action, &QAction::triggered, this, [this,index]() {
            closeTab(index);
        });
        action = menu.addAction(tr("Close &Other Tabs"));
        connect(action, &QAction::triggered, this, [this,index]() {
            closeOtherTabs(index);
        });
        menu.addSeparator();
        action = menu.addAction(tr("Reload Tab"));
        action->setShortcut(QKeySequence::Refresh);
        connect(action, &QAction::triggered, this, [this,index]() {
            reloadTab(index);
        });
    } else {
        menu.addSeparator();
    }
    menu.addAction(tr("Reload All Tabs"), this, &TabWidget::reloadAllTabs);
    menu.exec(QCursor::pos());
}

WebView *TabWidget::currentWebView() const
{
    return webView(currentIndex());
}

WebView *TabWidget::webView(int index) const
{
    return qobject_cast<WebView*>(widget(index));
}

/*
* In TabWidget::setupView(), we make sure that the TabWidget always forwards the signals of the currently selected WebView:
*/
void TabWidget::setupView(WebView *webView)
{
    QWebEnginePage *webPage = webView->page();

    connect(webView, &QWebEngineView::titleChanged, [this, webView](const QString &title) {
        int index = indexOf(webView);
        if (index != -1) {
            setTabText(index, title);
            setTabToolTip(index, title);
        }
        if (currentIndex() == index)
            emit titleChanged(title);
    });
    connect(webView, &QWebEngineView::urlChanged, [this, webView](const QUrl &url) {
        int index = indexOf(webView);
        if (index != -1)
            tabBar()->setTabData(index, url);
        if (currentIndex() == index)
            emit urlChanged(url);
    });
    connect(webView, &QWebEngineView::loadProgress, [this, webView](int progress) {
        if (currentIndex() == indexOf(webView))
            emit loadProgress(progress);
    });
    connect(webPage, &QWebEnginePage::linkHovered, [this, webView](const QString &url) {
        if (currentIndex() == indexOf(webView))
            emit linkHovered(url);
    });
    connect(webView, &WebView::favIconChanged, [this, webView](const QIcon &icon) {
        int index = indexOf(webView);
        if (index != -1)
            setTabIcon(index, icon);
        if (currentIndex() == index)
            emit favIconChanged(icon);
    });
    connect(webView, &WebView::webActionEnabledChanged, [this, webView](QWebEnginePage::WebAction action, bool enabled) {
        if (currentIndex() ==  indexOf(webView))
            emit webActionEnabledChanged(action,enabled);
    });
    connect(webPage, &QWebEnginePage::windowCloseRequested, [this, webView]() {
        int index = indexOf(webView);
        if (index >= 0)
            closeTab(index);
    });
    connect(webView, &WebView::devToolsRequested, this, &TabWidget::devToolsRequested);
#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
    connect(webPage, &QWebEnginePage::findTextFinished, [this, webView](const QWebEngineFindTextResult &result) {
        if (currentIndex() == indexOf(webView))
            emit findTextFinished(result);
    });
#endif
}

/*
*  Each tab contains an instance of WebView(QWebEngineView)
*/
WebView *TabWidget::createTab()
{
    WebView *webView = createBackgroundTab();
    setCurrentWidget(webView);
    return webView;
}

WebView *TabWidget::createBackgroundTab()
{
    WebView *webView = new WebView;
    WebPage *webPage = new WebPage(m_profile, webView);
    webView->setPage(webPage);
    setupView(webView);
    int index = addTab(webView, tr("(Untitled)"));
    setTabIcon(index, webView->favIcon());
    // Workaround for QTBUG-61770
    webView->resize(currentWidget()->size());
    webView->show();
    return webView;
}

void TabWidget::reloadAllTabs()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < count(); ++i)
        webView(i)->reload();
}

void TabWidget::closeOtherTabs(int index)
{
    for (int i = count() - 1; i > index; --i)
        closeTab(i);
    for (int i = index - 1; i >= 0; --i)
        closeTab(i);
}

void TabWidget::closeTab(int index)
{
    if (WebView *view = webView(index)) {
        bool hasFocus = view->hasFocus();
        removeTab(index);
        if (hasFocus && count() > 0)
            currentWebView()->setFocus();
        if (count() == 0)
            createTab();
        view->deleteLater();
    }
}

void TabWidget::cloneTab(int index)
{
    if (WebView *view = webView(index)) {
        WebView *tab = createTab();
        tab->setUrl(view->url());
    }
}

void TabWidget::setUrl(const QUrl &url)
{
    if (WebView *view = currentWebView()) {
        view->setUrl(url);
        view->setFocus();
    }
}

void TabWidget::triggerWebPageAction(QWebEnginePage::WebAction action)
{
    if (WebView *webView = currentWebView()) {
        webView->triggerPageAction(action);
        webView->setFocus();
    }
}

void TabWidget::nextTab()
{
    int next = currentIndex() + 1;
    if (next == count())
        next = 0;
    setCurrentIndex(next);
}

void TabWidget::previousTab()
{
    int next = currentIndex() - 1;
    if (next < 0)
        next = count() - 1;
    setCurrentIndex(next);
}

void TabWidget::reloadTab(int index)
{
    if (WebView *view = webView(index))
        view->reload();
}

webView

webView.h

#include <QWebEngineView>

class WebPage;

class WebView : public QWebEngineView
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    WebView(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    void setPage(WebPage *page);

    int loadProgress() const;
    bool isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::WebAction webAction) const;
    QIcon favIcon() const;

protected:
    void contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event) override;
    QWebEngineView *createWindow(QWebEnginePage::WebWindowType type) override;

signals:
    void webActionEnabledChanged(QWebEnginePage::WebAction webAction, bool enabled);
    void favIconChanged(const QIcon &icon);
    void devToolsRequested(QWebEnginePage *source);

private:
    void createWebActionTrigger(QWebEnginePage *page, QWebEnginePage::WebAction);

private:
    int m_loadProgress;
};

#endif

webView.cpp

#include "browser.h"
#include "browserwindow.h"
#include "tabwidget.h"
#include "webpage.h"
#include "webpopupwindow.h"
#include "webview.h"
#include <QContextMenuEvent>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QTimer>

WebView::WebView(QWidget *parent)
    : QWebEngineView(parent)
    , m_loadProgress(100)
{
    connect(this, &QWebEngineView::loadStarted, [this]() {
        m_loadProgress = 0;
        emit favIconChanged(favIcon());
    });
    connect(this, &QWebEngineView::loadProgress, [this](int progress) {
        m_loadProgress = progress;
    });
    connect(this, &QWebEngineView::loadFinished, [this](bool success) {
        m_loadProgress = success ? 100 : -1;
        emit favIconChanged(favIcon());
    });
    connect(this, &QWebEngineView::iconChanged, [this](const QIcon &) {
        emit favIconChanged(favIcon());
    });

    connect(this, &QWebEngineView::renderProcessTerminated,
            [this](QWebEnginePage::RenderProcessTerminationStatus termStatus, int statusCode) {
        QString status;
        switch (termStatus) {
        case QWebEnginePage::NormalTerminationStatus:
            status = tr("Render process normal exit");
            break;
        case QWebEnginePage::AbnormalTerminationStatus:
            status = tr("Render process abnormal exit");
            break;
        case QWebEnginePage::CrashedTerminationStatus:
            status = tr("Render process crashed");
            break;
        case QWebEnginePage::KilledTerminationStatus:
            status = tr("Render process killed");
            break;
        }
        QMessageBox::StandardButton btn = QMessageBox::question(window(), status,
                                                   tr("Render process exited with code: %1\n"
                                                      "Do you want to reload the page ?").arg(statusCode));
        if (btn == QMessageBox::Yes)
            QTimer::singleShot(0, [this] { reload(); });
    });
}

void WebView::setPage(WebPage *page)
{
    createWebActionTrigger(page,QWebEnginePage::Forward);
    createWebActionTrigger(page,QWebEnginePage::Back);
    createWebActionTrigger(page,QWebEnginePage::Reload);
    createWebActionTrigger(page,QWebEnginePage::Stop);
    QWebEngineView::setPage(page);
}

int WebView::loadProgress() const
{
    return m_loadProgress;
}

void WebView::createWebActionTrigger(QWebEnginePage *page, QWebEnginePage::WebAction webAction)
{
    QAction *action = page->action(webAction);
    connect(action, &QAction::changed, [this, action, webAction]{
        emit webActionEnabledChanged(webAction, action->isEnabled());
    });
}

bool WebView::isWebActionEnabled(QWebEnginePage::WebAction webAction) const
{
    return page()->action(webAction)->isEnabled();
}

QIcon WebView::favIcon() const
{
    QIcon favIcon = icon();
    if (!favIcon.isNull())
        return favIcon;

    if (m_loadProgress < 0) {
        static QIcon errorIcon(QStringLiteral(":dialog-error.png"));
        return errorIcon;
    } else if (m_loadProgress < 100) {
        static QIcon loadingIcon(QStringLiteral(":view-refresh.png"));
        return loadingIcon;
    } else {
        static QIcon defaultIcon(QStringLiteral(":text-html.png"));
        return defaultIcon;
    }
}

QWebEngineView *WebView::createWindow(QWebEnginePage::WebWindowType type)
{
    BrowserWindow *mainWindow = qobject_cast<BrowserWindow*>(window());
    if (!mainWindow)
        return nullptr;

    switch (type) {
    case QWebEnginePage::WebBrowserTab: {
        return mainWindow->tabWidget()->createTab();
    }
    case QWebEnginePage::WebBrowserBackgroundTab: {
        return mainWindow->tabWidget()->createBackgroundTab();
    }
    case QWebEnginePage::WebBrowserWindow: {
        return mainWindow->browser()->createWindow()->currentTab();
    }
    case QWebEnginePage::WebDialog: {
        WebPopupWindow *popup = new WebPopupWindow(page()->profile());
        connect(popup->view(), &WebView::devToolsRequested, this, &WebView::devToolsRequested);
        return popup->view();
    }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

void WebView::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event)
{
    QMenu *menu = page()->createStandardContextMenu();
    const QList<QAction *> actions = menu->actions();
    auto inspectElement = std::find(actions.cbegin(), actions.cend(), page()->action(QWebEnginePage::InspectElement));
    if (inspectElement == actions.cend()) {
        auto viewSource = std::find(actions.cbegin(), actions.cend(), page()->action(QWebEnginePage::ViewSource));
        if (viewSource == actions.cend())
            menu->addSeparator();

        QAction *action = new QAction(menu);
        action->setText("Open inspector in new window");
        connect(action, &QAction::triggered, [this]() { emit devToolsRequested(page()); });

        QAction *before(inspectElement == actions.cend() ? nullptr : *inspectElement);
        menu->insertAction(before, action);
    } else {
        (*inspectElement)->setText(tr("Inspect element"));
    }
    menu->popup(event->globalPos());
}

WebPage

webpage.h

#ifndef WEBPAGE_H
#define WEBPAGE_H

#include <QWebEnginePage>
#include <QWebEngineRegisterProtocolHandlerRequest>

class WebPage : public QWebEnginePage
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    WebPage(QWebEngineProfile *profile, QObject *parent = nullptr);

protected:
    bool certificateError(const QWebEngineCertificateError &error) override;

private slots:
    void handleAuthenticationRequired(const QUrl &requestUrl, QAuthenticator *auth);
    void handleFeaturePermissionRequested(const QUrl &securityOrigin, Feature feature);
    void handleProxyAuthenticationRequired(const QUrl &requestUrl, QAuthenticator *auth, const QString &proxyHost);
    void handleRegisterProtocolHandlerRequested(QWebEngineRegisterProtocolHandlerRequest request);
#if !defined(QT_NO_SSL) || QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 12, 0)
    void handleSelectClientCertificate(QWebEngineClientCertificateSelection clientCertSelection);
#endif
};

#endif // WEBPAGE_H

webpage.cpp

#include "browserwindow.h"
#include "tabwidget.h"
#include "ui_certificateerrordialog.h"
#include "ui_passworddialog.h"
#include "webpage.h"
#include "webview.h"
#include <QAuthenticator>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QStyle>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QWebEngineCertificateError>

WebPage::WebPage(QWebEngineProfile *profile, QObject *parent)
    : QWebEnginePage(profile, parent)
{
    connect(this, &QWebEnginePage::authenticationRequired, this, &WebPage::handleAuthenticationRequired);
    connect(this, &QWebEnginePage::featurePermissionRequested, this, &WebPage::handleFeaturePermissionRequested);
    connect(this, &QWebEnginePage::proxyAuthenticationRequired, this, &WebPage::handleProxyAuthenticationRequired);
    connect(this, &QWebEnginePage::registerProtocolHandlerRequested, this, &WebPage::handleRegisterProtocolHandlerRequested);
#if !defined(QT_NO_SSL) || QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 12, 0)
    connect(this, &QWebEnginePage::selectClientCertificate, this, &WebPage::handleSelectClientCertificate);
#endif
}

bool WebPage::certificateError(const QWebEngineCertificateError &error)
{
    QWidget *mainWindow = view()->window();

#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
    QWebEngineCertificateError deferredError = error;
    deferredError.defer();

    QTimer::singleShot(0, mainWindow, [mainWindow, error = std::move(deferredError)] () mutable {
        if (!error.deferred()) {
            QMessageBox::critical(mainWindow, tr("Certificate Error"), error.errorDescription());
        } else {
#else
    if (error.isOverridable()) {
#endif
            QDialog dialog(mainWindow);
            dialog.setModal(true);
            dialog.setWindowFlags(dialog.windowFlags() & ~Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint);

            Ui::CertificateErrorDialog certificateDialog;
            certificateDialog.setupUi(&dialog);
            certificateDialog.m_iconLabel->setText(QString());
            QIcon icon(mainWindow->style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MessageBoxWarning, 0, mainWindow));
            certificateDialog.m_iconLabel->setPixmap(icon.pixmap(32, 32));
            certificateDialog.m_errorLabel->setText(error.errorDescription());
            dialog.setWindowTitle(tr("Certificate Error"));

#if QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 14, 0)
            if (dialog.exec() == QDialog::Accepted)
                error.ignoreCertificateError();
            else
                error.rejectCertificate();
        }
    });
    return true;
#else
        return dialog.exec() == QDialog::Accepted;
    }

    QMessageBox::critical(mainWindow, tr("Certificate Error"), error.errorDescription());
    return false;
#endif
}

void WebPage::handleAuthenticationRequired(const QUrl &requestUrl, QAuthenticator *auth)
{
    QWidget *mainWindow = view()->window();
    QDialog dialog(mainWindow);
    dialog.setModal(true);
    dialog.setWindowFlags(dialog.windowFlags() & ~Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint);

    Ui::PasswordDialog passwordDialog;
    passwordDialog.setupUi(&dialog);

    passwordDialog.m_iconLabel->setText(QString());
    QIcon icon(mainWindow->style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MessageBoxQuestion, 0, mainWindow));
    passwordDialog.m_iconLabel->setPixmap(icon.pixmap(32, 32));

    QString introMessage(tr("Enter username and password for \"%1\" at %2")
                         .arg(auth->realm()).arg(requestUrl.toString().toHtmlEscaped()));
    passwordDialog.m_infoLabel->setText(introMessage);
    passwordDialog.m_infoLabel->setWordWrap(true);

    if (dialog.exec() == QDialog::Accepted) {
        auth->setUser(passwordDialog.m_userNameLineEdit->text());
        auth->setPassword(passwordDialog.m_passwordLineEdit->text());
    } else {
        // Set authenticator null if dialog is cancelled
        *auth = QAuthenticator();
    }
}

inline QString questionForFeature(QWebEnginePage::Feature feature)
{
    switch (feature) {
    case QWebEnginePage::Geolocation:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to access your location information?");
    case QWebEnginePage::MediaAudioCapture:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to access your microphone?");
    case QWebEnginePage::MediaVideoCapture:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to access your webcam?");
    case QWebEnginePage::MediaAudioVideoCapture:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to access your microphone and webcam?");
    case QWebEnginePage::MouseLock:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to lock your mouse cursor?");
    case QWebEnginePage::DesktopVideoCapture:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to capture video of your desktop?");
    case QWebEnginePage::DesktopAudioVideoCapture:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to capture audio and video of your desktop?");
    case QWebEnginePage::Notifications:
        return WebPage::tr("Allow %1 to show notification on your desktop?");
    }
    return QString();
}

void WebPage::handleFeaturePermissionRequested(const QUrl &securityOrigin, Feature feature)
{
    QString title = tr("Permission Request");
    QString question = questionForFeature(feature).arg(securityOrigin.host());
    if (!question.isEmpty() && QMessageBox::question(view()->window(), title, question) == QMessageBox::Yes)
        setFeaturePermission(securityOrigin, feature, PermissionGrantedByUser);
    else
        setFeaturePermission(securityOrigin, feature, PermissionDeniedByUser);
}

void WebPage::handleProxyAuthenticationRequired(const QUrl &, QAuthenticator *auth, const QString &proxyHost)
{
    QWidget *mainWindow = view()->window();
    QDialog dialog(mainWindow);
    dialog.setModal(true);
    dialog.setWindowFlags(dialog.windowFlags() & ~Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint);

    Ui::PasswordDialog passwordDialog;
    passwordDialog.setupUi(&dialog);

    passwordDialog.m_iconLabel->setText(QString());
    QIcon icon(mainWindow->style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_MessageBoxQuestion, 0, mainWindow));
    passwordDialog.m_iconLabel->setPixmap(icon.pixmap(32, 32));

    QString introMessage = tr("Connect to proxy \"%1\" using:");
    introMessage = introMessage.arg(proxyHost.toHtmlEscaped());
    passwordDialog.m_infoLabel->setText(introMessage);
    passwordDialog.m_infoLabel->setWordWrap(true);

    if (dialog.exec() == QDialog::Accepted) {
        auth->setUser(passwordDialog.m_userNameLineEdit->text());
        auth->setPassword(passwordDialog.m_passwordLineEdit->text());
    } else {
        // Set authenticator null if dialog is cancelled
        *auth = QAuthenticator();
    }
}

//! [registerProtocolHandlerRequested]
void WebPage::handleRegisterProtocolHandlerRequested(QWebEngineRegisterProtocolHandlerRequest request)
{
    auto answer = QMessageBox::question(
        view()->window(),
        tr("Permission Request"),
        tr("Allow %1 to open all %2 links?")
        .arg(request.origin().host())
        .arg(request.scheme()));
    if (answer == QMessageBox::Yes)
        request.accept();
    else
        request.reject();
}
//! [registerProtocolHandlerRequested]

#if !defined(QT_NO_SSL) || QT_VERSION >= QT_VERSION_CHECK(5, 12, 0)
void WebPage::handleSelectClientCertificate(QWebEngineClientCertificateSelection selection)
{
    // Just select one.
    selection.select(selection.certificates().at(0));
}
#endif