服务器使用Gzip压缩数据,加快网络传输,提高页面性能。使用方法也很简单,在web.xml进行过滤器的配置即可,如下所示。
<filter> <filter-name>gzipFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> net.sf.ehcache.constructs.web.filter.GzipFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>gzipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>gzipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>gzipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>gzipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
当然,还要引入相关的两个jar包,ehcache-web-2.0.4.jar和ehcache.jar。
使用gzip,首先要设置请求消息头Accept-Encoding为gzip。这样,你将会得到一个响应,根据消息头Content-Encoding为gzip你可以知道,传输过来的数据是经过gzip压缩的。另外,消息头Content-Length会告诉你压缩后的数据长度。
反编译看到GzipFilter.java的doFilter方法如下,有设置Content-Length。
protected void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws Exception
{
if ((!(isIncluded(request))) && (acceptsEncoding(request, "gzip")) && (!(response.isCommitted())))
{
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(request.getRequestURL() + ". Writing with gzip compression");
}
ByteArrayOutputStream compressed = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gzout = new GZIPOutputStream(compressed);
GenericResponseWrapper wrapper = new GenericResponseWrapper(response, gzout);
wrapper.setDisableFlushBuffer(true);
chain.doFilter(request, wrapper);
wrapper.flush();
gzout.close();
if (response.isCommitted()) {
return;
}
switch (wrapper.getStatus())
{
case 204:
case 205:
case 304:
return;
}
byte[] compressedBytes = compressed.toByteArray();
boolean shouldGzippedBodyBeZero = ResponseUtil.shouldGzippedBodyBeZero(compressedBytes, request);
boolean shouldBodyBeZero = ResponseUtil.shouldBodyBeZero(request, wrapper.getStatus());
if ((shouldGzippedBodyBeZero) || (shouldBodyBeZero))
{
response.setContentLength(0);
return;
}
ResponseUtil.addGzipHeader(response);
if (this.setVaryHeader) {
ResponseUtil.addVaryAcceptEncoding(wrapper);
}
response.setContentLength(compressedBytes.length);
response.getOutputStream().write(compressedBytes);
}
else
{
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(request.getRequestURL() + ". Writing without gzip compression because the request does not accept gzip.");
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
进一步看ResponseUtil.addGzipHeader方法,有设置消息头Content-Encoding为gzip。
public static void addGzipHeader(HttpServletResponse response)
throws ResponseHeadersNotModifiableException
{
response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
boolean containsEncoding = response.containsHeader("Content-Encoding");
if (!(containsEncoding))
throw new ResponseHeadersNotModifiableException("Failure when attempting to set Content-Encoding: gzip");
}
配置好后,要在浏览器端验证是否做了压缩,可以安装http Watch工具,在IE浏览器中查看,如下所示。
未配置gzip压缩前:
配置gzip压缩后:可以看到压缩比例
PS:网上看到用Java实现的gzip
GetMethod method = new GetMethod(url);//生成一个get方法实例
method.setQueryString(queryString);//设置查询字符串
method.addRequestHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");//设置接受响应消息为gzip
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();//生成执行get方法的客户端实例
client.executeMethod(method);//执行get方法
InputStream in = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();//获取响应消息体
Header contentEncoding = method.getResponseHeader("Content-Encoding");//获取消息头Content-Encoding判断数据流是否gzip压缩过
if (contentEncoding != null && contentEncoding.getValue().equalsIgnoreCase("gzip")) {
GZIPInputStream gzipIn = new GZIPInputStream(in);
int len = Integer.parseInt(method.getResponseHeader("Content-Length").getValue());
byte[] b = new byte[len];
gzipIn.read(b);
String json = new String(b);
System.out.println(json);
}
使用gzip在服务器端压缩数据的例子
byte[] result = data.getBytes("UTF-8");
if(response.getHeader("Accept-Encoding").equalsIgnoreCase("gzip"))
{
// System.out.println("Before compression, the data size is :"+ result.length);
// Using gzip compress the data
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
gout.write(json.getBytes("UTF-8"));
gout.close();
result = out.toByteArray();
// System.out.println("After compression, the data size is "+gzipResult.length);
this.getResp().setHeader("Content-Encoding","gzip");
this.getResp().setHeader("Content-Length", result.length+"");
}
response.getOutputStream().write(result);